Bullying in schoolsWord格式.docx

Bullying in schoolsWord格式.docx

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Inhis1993book,Bullyingatschool:

Whatweknowandwhatwecando,Dr.Olweusidentifiescharacteristicsofstudentswhoaremostlikelytobebulliesandthosethataremostlikelytobevictimsofbullying.

Theyhaveastrongneedtodominateandsubdueotherstudentsandtogettheirownway:

Areimpulsiveandareeasilyangered

Areoftendefiantandaggressivetowardadults,includingparentsandteachers

Showlittleempathytowardstudentswhoarevictimized

Iftheyareboys,theyarephysicallystrongerthanboysingeneral

Thetypicalpassiveorsubmissivevictims,accordingtoOlweus'

research,generallyhavesomeofthefollowingcharacteristics:

Arecautious,sensitive,quiet,withdrawnandshy

Areoftenanxious,insecure,unhappyandhavelowself-esteem

Aredepressedandengageinsuicidalideationmuchmoreoftenthantheirpeers

Oftendonothaveasinglegoodfriendandrelatebettertoadultsthantopeers

Iftheyareboys,theymaybephysicallyweakerthantheirpeers[2]

Weneedtorecognizebullyingbehaviorswhichcanhelpustounderstandchildrenphysical,emotional,andeducationalconsequencesofbullying,topreventdisturbancebybullies,andtomakeapositivepsychosocialschoolenvironments.

Now,let’metalkaboutmyopinions.

Bullyinggenerallyhasthefollowingcharacteristicsbetweenstudents

1.Constantself-surrenderisinevitablebetweenstudentsofbullying.

Forstudents,bybullieswithoutprovocationisnotacceptable.It’snecessarytoimprovethecultivationofstudents'

protectconsciousness,encouragethemtomaintaintheirowndignity.Butwefoundindailylife,manystudentscanonlybeself-surrenderwhentheyaresubjectedtootherpeople’sbully,fewstudentscanrelyonhisownpowertochangethesituation.[3]Thisunbrokenself-surrenderisthereasonthatbullyinghappenedbetweenstudents.

2.Somestudentsliketobullyothers

It’sgenerallythatstudentswholikebullyingothers,hisbodyqualityisgood.Suchastall,flexiblemotion.Theyhavecontrolothersinstudents’group,bullywhotheydon’tlike.Butsomestudentsarealwayslikelonely"

littlepoor"

Theyareoftenbulliedbyotherstudentsandhavetotakebadnicknames,alsooftenexcludedfromthecollectiveoutside.

Thepsychologicalanalysisofstudents’bullying

1.Thereasonsaboutsomeyoungstudentsbullyothers:

1Thestronglustforpowermakessomeyoungstudentsliketocontrolotherpeople.

2Someyoungstudent'

sfamilylifeexperienceenablesthemtothehostiletothethingsaroundthem.Socialcompetitionpressurewillcausesometeenagersstudent'

shavepsychologicalproblems.

3Physicaldrivencausingsomeyoungstudentsbullying

2.Manystudentsdarenotorunwillingtotellotherswhathadhappenedafterbeingbullied.Thisismainlyreflectingthefollowingseveralpsychological:

1Fearofretaliationpsychologyandshortageofexpression.

2Beself-abased.Duetosomestudentsoftenbebulliedthatcausedtheirself-confidenceandself-esteemofextremedrop,produceinferioritymentality.[4]

Thehazardsanalysisamongstudents’bullying

Theconsequencesofbullyingaresignificantbothtothechildrenwhoarethetargetsofbullyingandthosewhodothebullying.Thissortofvictimizationcanleadtodamagedself-esteem,anxietyandpanicattacks,depression,andsuicidalthoughts.[5]

Studentswhoareseverelyandrepeatedbulliedoftendonotwanttogotoschoolandbecomemorelonelyandisolated.Sincebullyinghasbecomemoreintenseandmoreaggressivemaydamagechildren’sself-esteem,causingemotionalwound.

“It’sapublichealthproblemthatmeritsattention.Peoplewhowerebulliedaschildrenaremorelikelytosufferfromdepressionandlowself-esteem,wellintoadulthood,andthebulliesthemselvesaremorelikelytoengageincriminalbehaviorlaterinlife.”[6]Victimsofbulliesarelonelyandhavetroublemakingfriends.Thatkindofcontinuouspressurehasadamagingeffectonadolescents.A12-year-oldPennsylvaniagirldevelopedanorexiaastheresultofbeingbulliedaboutherweightbyagroupofmalestudents.Shehasattackeddailyfortwoyearsbecausesomebodythoughtshewasfatanddeservedtobepunishedforit.[7]

Studentswhoarerepeatedlybulliedwilloftencausesuicide.Bulliedboysarefourtimesmorelikelythantheirpeerstobesuicidalandgirlseighttimesmorelikely[8].

Studentswhoarerepeatedlybulliedsufferseriousphysicalharmandevendeathaswell.Nearlyhalfofallgay,bisexualortransgenderstudentsinU.S.middleandhighschoolssaytheyhavebeenphysicallyharassed;

andaboutaquarterhavebeenphysicallyassaulted.Thehomophobicbullyinginschoolalsocausesvictimstokillthemselves.EricMohatwasa17-year-oldhighschoolstudentwhousedhisfather'

sregisteredhandgunandshothimselfinhisbedroomin2007afterrelentlessbullyingathishighschool.Tragically,threeofEric’sclassmatesalsocommittedsuicidethatsameyear,anditissuspectedthatbullyingplayedasignificantpartinthosedeathsaswell.CarlJosephWalker-Hooverwas11,hardlyoldenoughtoknowhissexualityandyetdistraughtenoughtohanghimselfinhisbedroomwithaninnocentsmileon1st,April,2009,afterschoolbulliesrepeatedlycalledhim"

gay."

[9]AccordingtoarecentreportbytheGay,LesbianandStraightEducationNetwork,nearlynineoutoftenlesbian,gay,bisexualortransgenderstudentsreportedbeingthevictimsbecauseoftheirsexualorientation.Thatkindofrelentlesspressurehasadamagingeffectonadolescents.Eventhosevictimswhodon’tcommitsuicidehavedeeppsychologicalwounds.

Theconcretemeasurestoreducestudents’bullying

1.Controlthose"

overlord"

children

First,theteachershouldobservecarefully,lookforthereasons,suitthemethodtothecase.Instillthehealthconceptsandpositiveattitudetostudentsatordinarytimes.

2.Changethestyleofdiscipline

Forstudents,thebiggestcheerfulthingistoattractteachers’attention.Ifyellattheirbehaviorandcriticizeseverely,maybestrengthentheirbullyingbehavior.Mildpunishment,showobviousconcernandsympathytoweakpartyandpaynoattentiontoattackers.Thiswaymaybeuseful.

3.Strengthenparent-schoolcontact

Teachersshouldcommunicatemorewithparents,parentsshouldavoidmakingstudentssufferedserioussetbacks.Parentscan'

toftenuseviolencetostudents.Accordingtoresearch,familyviolenceisthemainreasoncausethecampusviolence,attackers’familiesusuallyhavemanymisfortunes,suchashaveapoorandparentsdivorced.Anyhow,lackofloveandlackofdisciplineistherootreasonsformanystudentsofviolence.Familymembershavelowculturalquality,moralcharactercorrupt,parentsdisciplinemethodtooseverityorparents'

neglectsofdiscipline,family’satmosphereistenseornotharmoniousmakethechildlackloveandsecurity.Thechildreneasytoformaggressivepersonalityandoftenreleasethedepressiveness,obtainapsychologicalbalancebybullying.[10]

4.Strengthenstudents'

goodbehavior

Ontheonehand,theteachershoulddemonstratepersonally,guidesthestudenttodistinguishthemerits.Ontheotherhand,payattentiontohelpingstudentscommunicatewitheachother,provideopportunitiesforcooperation,leadstudentstounityandfriendship,enablestudentstounderstandgoodthingsshouldsharewithothers.

5.Teachersshouldbeequallytoeverystudent

Theteacherisnotabletodiscriminateordisdainsomestudents,guidestudentsformequalcontactconsciousnessinordinaryeducationactivities,leteverystudentreflecttheirownuniquevalueincertainaspects.

6.Tohelpweakstudentrebuilttheirauthorityanddignity

Anumberofstudentsdaretotellothersaftersufferaninjusticeordamage.Tobullyattacker,theoppositesideismoretoleranceandmoretheweak,themoretheyliketotreathimasthenexttarget.Sorepeatedtolerancecausethestudentsloseofprofitandself-esteem.Sobesuretoencouragethestudentswhosufferfromcompanionbullyingtolearntoresist,tellthemtheattackersarenotsoterrible.

Conclusion

Inschools,bullyingoccursinallareasofschool.Itcanoccurinnearlyanypartinoraroundtheschoolbuilding,thoughitmoreoftenoccursinPE,hallways,bathrooms,onschoolbusesandwaitingforbuses,classesthatrequiregroupworkandafterschoolactivities.

TheSchoolBullyingCouncilisdedicatedtoeducatingstudents,parents,teachers,andadministratorsonthedangersofschoolbullying.

Amajorgoaloftheresearchonbullyingissuesistoincreaseourunderstandingofthedevelopmentandimpactofbullyingsothatwecanimproveourschoolpoliciesandpracticethatdiscouragebullyingandhelpstudentsdealwithbullyinginschool.

Bibliography:

《Bullyingatschool》Olweus,D.（1993）.

《Arrestingviolence》Ross,P.N.（1998）.

《ChildrenandSchools》

《Arrestingviolence》Ross,P.N.（1998）.

SchoolBullyingCouncil（SBC）

Mid