考研英语一真题及答案解析2阅读理解.docx

考研英语一真题及答案解析2阅读理解.docx

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考研英语一真题及答案解析2阅读理解

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FinancialregulatorsinBritainhaveimposedaratherunusualruleonthebossesofbigbanks.Startingnextyear,anyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayed10yearsiftheirbanksareunderinvestigationforwrongdoing.Themainpurposeofthis“clawback”ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisk-takingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution.Yetofficialsalsohopeforamuchlargerbenefit:

morelongtermdecision-makingnotonlybybanksbutbyallcorporations,tobuildastrongereconomyforfuturegenerations.

“Short-termism”orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpubliclytradedcompanies,saystheBankofEngland’stopeconomist.AndrewHaldane.Hequotesagaintofclassicaleconomics,AlfredMarshall,indescribingthisfinancialimpatienceasactinglike“Childrenwhopicktheplumsoutoftheirpuddingtoeatthematonce”ratherthanputtingthemasidetobeeatenlast.

TheaveragetimeforholdingastockinboththeUnitedStatesandBritain,henotes,hasdroppedfromsevenyearstosevenmonthsinrecentdecades.Transientinvestors,whodemandhighquarterlyprofitsfromcompanies,canhinderafirm’seffortstoinvestinlong-termresearchortobuildupcustomerloyalty.Thishasbeendubbed“quarterlycapitalism”

Inaddition,newdigitaltechnologieshaveallowedmorerapidtradingofequities,quickeruseofinformation,andthusshortersattentionspansinfinancialmarkets."Thereseemstobeapredominanceofshort-termthinkingattheexpenseoflong-terminvesting,”saidCommissionerDanielGallagheroftheUSSecuritiesandExchangeCommissioninaspeechthisweek.

IntheUS,theSarbanes-OxleyAclof2002haspushedmostpubliccompaniestodeferperformancebonusesforseniorexecutivesbyaboutayear,slightlyhelpingreduce“short-termism.”InitslatestsurveyofCEOpay,TheWallStreetJournalfindsthant“asubstantialpart”ofexecutivepayisnowtiedtoperformance.

Muchmorecouldbedonetoencourage“long-termism，”suchaschangesinthetaxcodeandquickerdisclosureofstockacquisitions.InFrance,shareholderswhoholdontoacompanyinvestmentforatleasttwoyearscansometimesearnmorevotingrightsinacompany.

Withincompanies,therightcompensationdesigncanprovideincentivesforexecutivestothinkbeyondtheirowntimeatthecompanyandonbehalfofallstakeholders.Britain'snewruleisaremindertobankersthatsocietyhasaninterestintheirperformance,notjustfortheshorttermbutforthelongterm.

21.AccordingtoParagraph1,onemotiveinimposingthenewruleisthe

A.enhancebankers’senseofresponsibility

B.helpcorporationsachievelargerprofits

C.buildanewsystemoffinancialregulation

D.guaranteethebonusesoftopexecutives

22.AlfredMarshallisquotedtoindicate

A.theconditionsforgeneratingquickprofits

B.governments’impatienceindecision-making

C.thesolidstructureofpubliclytradedcompanies

D.“short-termism”ineconomicactivities

23.Itisarguedthattheinfluenceoftransientinvestmentonpubliccompaniescanbe

A.indirect

B.adverse

C.minimal

D.temporary

24.TheUSandFranceexamplesandusedtoillustrate

A.theobstaclestopreventing“short-termism”.

B.thesignificanceoflong-termthingking.

C.theapproachestopromoting“long-termism”.

D.theprevalenceofshort-termthinking.

25.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A.FailureofQuarterlyCapitalism

B.PatienceasaCorporateVirtue

C.DecisivenessRequiredofTopExecutives

D.FrustrationofRisk-takingBankers

T1

解析

21.答案【A】enhancebankers’senseofresponsibility

　　解析：

本题目为细节题，考察具体细节。

根据题干关键词Paragraph1和onemotiveinimposingthenewrule定位到第一段第三句。

Themainpurposeofthis“clawback”ruleistoholdbankersaccountableforharmfulrisk-takingandtorestorepublictrustinfinancialinstitution.这项“回扣”规则的主要目的是让银行家为有害的风险承担责任，并恢复公众对金融机构的信任。

正确答案A的enhancebankers’senseofresponsibility增强银行家的责任感,是原文的同义表达。

干扰项B的helpcorporationsachievelargerprofits帮助公司获得更大的利润，并未提及，是常识性干扰。

选项C的buildanewsystemoffinancialregulation建立新的金融监管体系，原文并未提及，属于无中生有;选项D的guaranteethebonusesoftopexecutives保证高层管理人员的奖金与原文提到的anyguaranteedbonusoftopexecutivescouldbedelayed10years任何有保证的高管奖金都可能推迟10年，表述相反，属于正反混淆。

　　22.答案【D】“short-termism”ineconomicactivities

　　解析：

本题目为例证题，考察论据和论点的内容。

根据题干关键词AlfredMarshall地位到第二段三句，但是考察论点，定位到论据的上一句，“Short-termism”orthedesireforquickprofits,hasworsenedinpubliclytradedcompanies“短期主义”或对快速获利的渴望，在公开交易的公司中变得更加严重。

正确选项Dshort-termism”ineconomicactivities经济活动中的短期主义，其中主语short-termism是原文的原词。

干扰项A的theconditionsforgeneratingquickprofits快速获利的条件，并非论点内容。

选项B政府决策缺乏耐心，无关内容。

选项Cthesolidstructureofpubliclytradedcompanies上市公司稳健结构，原文并未提及。

　　23.答案【B】adverse

　　解析：

本题目为细节题，考察具体细节内容。

根据题干关键词theinfluenceoftransientinvestmentonpubliccompanies定位到原文第三段第二句，.Transient