本科毕业设计英语单位名词研究以《牛津高阶英汉双解词典第六版》为例Word文档格式.docx

本科毕业设计英语单位名词研究以《牛津高阶英汉双解词典第六版》为例Word文档格式.docx

《本科毕业设计英语单位名词研究以《牛津高阶英汉双解词典第六版》为例Word文档格式.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《本科毕业设计英语单位名词研究以《牛津高阶英汉双解词典第六版》为例Word文档格式.docx（16页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

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Abstract

It’sbelievedthatquantifierdoesnotexistinEnglish,andpeopledonotthinkthattheso-called“quantifiers”inEnglisharenotintheirtruesense.Theirrolesarejustplayedbysomenormalnouns.Sotrulyspeaking,these“quantifiers”merelybelongtonouns,namely,“unitnouns”.Thisessayhascollectedalltheunitnounsselectedfromover300thathavebeencollectedinOxfordAdvancedLearner’sEnglish-ChineseDictionary（6thEdition）.Itaimstomasterthecorrectuseofunitnounsandputforwardthenon-equivalencephenomenonintranslationbetweenEnglishunitnounandChinesequantifier,soastoemphasizethedifferenceofhabitualexpressionsandculturalbackgroundbetweentwolanguages.ItishopefulthattheresearchresultofthisessaycanbringnewideasfortheresearchofunitnounsandoffersomereferenceandhelpforEnglishlearners.

Keywords:

Englishunitnoun;

Chinesequantifier,collection,species,translation,non-equivalence

摘要

一般而言，英语中不存在量词，因为英语中所谓的“量词”，其实并不是真正意义上的量词，而只是由一些普通名词来充当，所以准确地说，它们属于名词类，或称为“单位名词”。

本文从《牛津高阶英汉双解词典（第六版）》出发，对其收录的300多个单位名词进行归类研究，以便掌握单位名词的准确用法。

另外，文章提出了英语单位名词和汉语量词在翻译时出现的不对等现象，从而强调了两者之间的表达习惯和文化背景的差异，此研究结果希望能为英语单位名词研究提供新的思路，并为英语语言学习者提供一些参考和帮助。

关键词：

英语单位名词；

汉语量词；

收集；

分类；

翻译；

不对等

Contents

Abstractii

摘要iii

1.Introduction1

1.1Researchbackground1

1.2Organizationofthedissertation2

2.LiteratureReview3

2.1ThedefinitionsofEnglishunitnounandChinesequantifier3

2.1.1ThedefinitionsofEnglishunitnoun3

2.1.2ThedefinitionsofChinesequantifier3

2.2ThecharacteristicsofEnglishunitnoun4

2.3ThefunctionsofEnglishunitnoun4

2.4Researchstatus4

2.5Summary5

3.Methodology6

3.1Researchobjectives6

3.2Researchmethodanddatacollection6

3.3SurveyonthefrequencyofEnglishunitnoun6

3.4Summary7

4.TheSpecificsofEnglishUnitNoun8

4.1ThespecificsofEnglishunitnoun8

4.1.1Unitnounsmodifyingobjectsofdifferentshapes8

4.1.2Unitnounsmodifyinghumans9

4.1.3Unitnounsmodifyinganimals9

4.1.4Unitnounsmodifyingvolume10

4.1.5Unitnounsmodifyingmeasurement10

4.1.6Unitnounsexpressingdifferentemotionsoractions10

4.2Summary10

5.TheComparisonofEnglishUnitNounandChineseQuantifier11

5.1Non-equivalenceofpragmaticfunctions11

5.1.1Non-equivalenceeinadjectivecollocations11

5.1.2Non-equivalenceinoverlappingstructures11

5.2UntranslatabilityinEnglishunitnounandChinesequantifier12

6.Conclusion13

6.1Summary13

6.2Limitationandsuggestionsforfutureresearch13

References14

Acknowledgements15

1.Introduction

1.1Researchbackground

Wehumanbeingssharethesameworldandalotofthings.Despitethedifferenceoflanguages,manyaspectsoftheselanguagesareinterlinked,buteverythingisnotthesame.Alanguagehasitsownspecificformandparticularsocialandhistoricalbackground.Thatiswhyeachlanguageintheworldhasitsowncharacter.EnglishandChinesebelongtotwofamiliesoflanguages,Indo-EuropeanlanguagesandSino-Tibetanlanguagesrespectively.Theyaretotallydifferentnotonlyingeographicpositionwheretheyareoriginatedfrombutalsointheculture,modeofthinkingandotherbackgroundsoftheirethnics.InChinese,thereisaclassofwordsnamedquantifier,whichisabundantinvocabularyandprofoundinculturaldeposits.WhileinEnglish,thereisnosuchindependentclassofwords.Instead,nounwordsareusedtoexpresstheconceptofquantifierandthiscomestoshapeaparticularlinguisticform.So,arethesequantifiersandunitnounsthesame?

It’scommonlybelievedthatquantifierdoesnotexistinEnglish,becausepeopledonotthinkthattheso-called“quantifiers”inEnglisharenotintheirtruesense.Theirrolesarejustplayedbysomenormalnouns.Sotrulyspeaking,these“quantifiers”merelybelongtonouns,namely,“unitnouns”.Forexample,insomephrasessuchas“acupoftea”,“abottleofwine”,“acollectionofpaintings”,theyaremadeupbytwonounwords,cupandtea,bottleandwine,collectionandpainting.ThesephrasesdonotincludethosequantifiersasinChinesewithitsspecificmeaningtoindicatethequantity.Moreover,manyuncommonwordslikehorde,wisp,stud,hive,speck,spasm,etc.canactasunitnouns.Youcannotignorethemoutofnotknowingthem,sincetheyreallyexist.So,whetheryouproornotthesayingofquantifierinEnglish,thislinguisticformdoesexist.Whatpeopleneedtodiscussishowtodenominateit.

Actually,comparedwithChinese,therearesomesituationsinEnglishthatunitnounsarenotnecessary,e.g.:

aflower,aknife,etc.;

whileinChinese,thesekindsofsituationsusuallyappearinancientChinese,like一人（aperson）,一桌（adesk）,一椅（achair）,etc.orinlocutionsoridiomssuchas三心二意（sanxineryi）:

beoftwominds;

九牛二虎（jiuniuerhu）:

tremendouseffort;

三头六臂（santouliubi）:

superability,etc.Butnowadays,quantifiersareusedindailyexpressionsofmostsituations.WecanseethatChineseandEnglishhavetheirownemphasisandwaysofexpressiononthisclassofwords.SoinmutualtranslationbetweenChineseandEnglish,therearesomeEnglishwordswhicharedifficulttotranslateintorelevantChinesequantifiersandviceversa.

Throughanalysisbasedonactuallinguisticdata,wecanmastertheunitnounsbyclassifyingthem,knowingtheirfeatures,comparingtwolanguages.Allthesecanmakecontributiontostrengtheningtheacknowledgementandcorrectwaytouseofunitnouns,tothemutualstudyandcommunicationofbothlanguages,andmoreimportantly,tocreatingnewwaysoftranslationinthefuture.

1.2Organizationofthedissertation

Thisdissertationincludessixchapters.Thefirstchapterillustratestheresearchbackgroundandtheimportanceofthepresentstudy.ChapterTworeviewsthedefinitionsofEnglishunitnounandChinesequantifier.ItalsopresentsabriefcharacteristicsandfunctionsofEnglishunitnoun.ReviewsofpreviousstudiesontheEnglishunitnounandChinesequantifierareprovided.ChapterThreecontainsinformationaboutthepresentstudy,includingresearchsubjects,method,datacollection,andtheresultsofthefrequencyandvarietyofEnglishunitnoun.ChapterFourspreadsoutthespecificsofEnglishunitnoun.ChapterFivediscussesthenon-equivalenceanduntranslatabilitybetweenEnglishunitnounandChinesequantifier.Finally,wedrawtheconclusionwithlimitationsofthedissertationandsuggestfurtherresearch.

2.LiteratureReview

ThischapterfirstbeginswithdefinitionofEnglishunitnounandChinesequantifier.Then,itcontinueswiththecharacteristicsandfunctionsofEnglishunitnoun.ThefinalsectionofthischapterdealswiththepreviousstudiesonEnglishunitnounandChinesequantifier.

2.1ThedefinitionsofEnglishunitnounandChinesequantifier

2.1.1ThedefinitionsofEnglishunitnoun

AsoneoftheIndo-Europeanlanguages,thereisno“quantifier”asoneparticularwordclassinEnglish.Therefore,differentnamesoftheconcepttopartitiveconstructionhavearousedalotofattentionfromscholarsathomeandabroad.

ZhangZhenbangconsideredthewordswhichshow“the‘unit’ofpeopleorthingsoroftheactions”as“unitnouns”.Hethoughta“unitnounisthenounthatexpressestheindividualityofthings.Whenaunitnouncombineswithacountablenoun,theycanexpressthemeaningof“agroup”.Theuncountablenounscanalsobecombinedwith“a”or“one”whentheycomeafteraunitnoun”（TangHaiqin,2004）.

InthetextbookCollegeEnglisheditedbyDongYafen,“‘unitnouns’isadopted.”Atthesametime,sheused“unitword”torefertothesimilarwordsof“unitnouns”（TangHaiqin,2004）.

AccordingtoZhangDaozhen（2002）’sdefinitioninPracticalEnglishGrammar,“quantifier”isnotaparticularword,butmanypronounsanddeterminativesarerelatedtonumerals,suchassome,much,half,twomonths’,miles,andsoon.

Palmer.H.（1975）usedthetermof“quantitativedeterminatives”in1975.AndinAGrammarofContemporaryEnglisheditedbyQuirk.R.（1972）,heusedthetermof“partitives”,or“partitivenouns”.

2.1.2ThedefinitionsofChinesequantifier

“Quantifier”isoneofwordclassesinChineselanguage.SotheresearchesofChinesequantifierhavebeencarefullydiscussedbytheChinesescholarsfordecades.ThedifferentdiscussionsaboutChineseQuantifiercanbeknownfromthefollowingdefinitions.

In1924,“量词”emergedinLiJingxi’sxinzhuguoyuwenfa《新著国语文法》（NewChineseGrammar,黎锦熙）.Hesaid,“Classifieristhenoundenotingthenumber.Itcomesafternumeralstoexpresstheunitofanoun”（TangHaiqin,2004）.

In1957,ZhangZhigonginhishanyuyufachangshi《汉语语法常识》（GeneralKnowledgeAboutChineseGrammar,张志公）said,“toexpressquantityandtheunit,aworddenotingthenumberisusuallylinkedwithaworddenotingtheunit,therefore,wecallthem‘numeralclassifiers’”（TangHaiqin,2004）.

AnotherlinguistDingShengshu,thefirstonewhostudiedclassifierasaparticularwordclass,thetermof“量词”wasfirstsuggestedinhisxiandaihanyuyufajianghua《现代汉语语法讲话》（ModernChineseGrammar,丁声树）.Inhisopinion,“classifierswerealwaysfollowedbydemonstrativepronounsandnumerals,andnumeralsplusclassifiercanbecallednumeralclassifier”（HeJie,2001）.

2.2ThecharacteristicsofEngl