历年考研英语及答案1993Word文档格式.docx
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sbookwillshowyou___canbeusedinothercontexts.
A.thatyouhaveobservedB.thathowyouhaveobserved
C.howthatyouhaveobservedD.howwhatyouhaveobs4erved
7.Allfights______becauseofthesnowstorm,wedecidedtotakethetrain.
A.werecanceledB.hadbeencanceled
C.havingcanceledD.havingbeencanceled
8.Thenewsecretaryhaswrittenaremarkably____reportonlyinafewpages
butwithallthedetails.
A.conciseB.clearC.preciseD.elaborate
9.Withprices___somuch,it'
shardforthecompanytoplanabudget.
A.fluctuatingB.wavingC.swingingD.vibrating
10.Expertsaywalkingisoneofthebestwaysforapersonto___healthy.
A.preserveB.stayC.maintainD.reserve
11.Expectednoisesareusuallymore___thanunexpectedonesofthelike
magnitude.
A.manageableB.controllableC.tolerableD.perceivable
12.Itisn'
tsomuchwhetherheworkshard;
thequestioniswhetherheworks
___.
A.aboveallB.inallC.atallD.afterall
13.Thereisanincorrectassumptionamongscientistsandmedicalpeoplethat
everyoneagrees___whatconstitutesabenefittoanindividual.
A.onB.withC.toD.in
14.Alltheinformationwehavecollectedinrelationtothatcase______very
little.
A.makesupforB.addsuptoC.comesupwithD.putsupwith
15.Areallypowerfulspeakercan____thefeelingsoftheaudiencetothefever
ofexcitement.
A.workoutB.workoverC.workatD.workup
16.Beforethestudentssetoff,theyspentmuchtimesettingalimit____the
expensesofthetrip.
A.toB.aboutC.inD.for
17.AccordingtothepsychoanalystSigmundFreud,wisdomcomesformthe
______ofmaturity.
A.fulfillmentB.achievementC.establishmentD.accomplishment
18.FromthetearsinNedra'
seyeswecandeducethatsomethingsad____.
A.musthaveoccurredB.wouldhaveoccurred
C.mightbeoccurringD.shouldoccur
19.YoucanarriveinBeijingearlierforthemeeting____youdon'
tmindtaking
thenighttrain.
A.providedB.unlessC.thoughD.until
20.Hardlyamonthgoesbywithout___ofanothersurveyrevealingnewdepths
ofscientificamongU.S.citizens.
A.wordsB.awordC.thewordD.word
21.Ifyou____JerryBrownuntilrecently,you'
dthinkthephotographonthe
rightwasstrange.
A.shouldn'
tcontactB.didn'
tcontact
C.weren'
ttocontactD.hadn'
tcontacted
22.Someteenagersharborageneralizedresentmentagainstsociety,which
____themtherightsandprivilegesofadults,althoughphysicallytheyare
mature.
A.deprivesB.restrictsC.rejectsD.denies
23.Imustgonow.___,ifyouwantthatbookI'
llbringitnexttime.
A.IncidentallyB.AccidentallyC.OccasionallyD.Subsequently
24.Thereisnoreasontheyshouldlimithowmuchvitaminyoutake,_____they
canlimithowmuchwateryoudrink.
A.muchmorethanB.nomorethanC.nolessthanD.anymorethan
25.Though___inSanFrancisco,DaveMitchellhadalwayspreferredtorecord,
theplainfactsofsmall-townlife.
A.raisedB.grownC.developedD.cultivated
26.Mostelectronicdevicesofthiskind,____manufacturedforsuchpurposes,
aretightlypacked.
A.thatareB.asareC.whichisD.itis
27.Asforthewinter,itisinconvenienttobecold,withmostof___furnacefuel
isallowedsavedforthedawn.
A.whatB.thatC.whichD.such
28.AchievingahighdegreeofproficiencyinEnglishasaforeignlanguageisnot
amysterious____withoutscientificbasic.
A.processB.practiceC.procedureD.program
29.Wecannotalways____thewind,sonewwindmillsshouldbesodesigned
thattheycanalsobedrivenbywater.
A.hangonB.countonC,holdonD.comeon
30.Thestormsweepingoverthisareanowissuretocause____ofvegetables
inthecomingdays.
A.rarityB.scarcityC.invalidityD.variety
Ⅱ.Eachofthepassagesbelowisfollowedbysomequetions.Foreachquestion
therearefour
answersmarkedA,B,C,andD.Readthepassagescarefullyandchoosethe
answertoeachof
thequestions.ThenmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEETbyblackeningthe
corresponding
letterinthebrackets.(30points)
1
Islanguage,likefood,abasichumanneedwithoutwhichachildatacritical
periodoflife
canbestarvedanddamaged?
JudgingfromthedrasticexperimentofFrederick
Ⅱinthethirteenth
century,itmaybe.Hopingtodiscoverwhatlanguageachildwould
speakifheheardno
mothertongue,hetoldthenursestokeepsilent.
Alltheinfantsdiedbeforethefirstyear.Butclearlytherewasmorethanlackof
language
here.Whatwasmissingwasgoodmothering.Withoutgoodmothering,inthe
firstyearoflife
especially,thecapacitytosurviveisseriouslyaffected.
TodaynosuchseverelackexistsasthatorderedbyFrederick.Nevertheless,
somechildren
arestillbackwardinspeaking.Mostoftenthereasonforthisisthatthemother
isinsensitiveto
thesignalsoftheinfant,whosebrainisprogrammedtolearnlanguagerapidly.
Ifthesesensitive
periodsareneglected,theidealtimeforacquiringskillspassesandtheymight
neverbelearnedso
easilyagain.Abirdlearnstosingandtoflyrapidlyattherighttime,butthe
processisslowand
hardoncethecriticalstagehaspassed.
Expertssuggestthatspeechstagesarereachedinafixedsequenceandata
constantage,but
therearecaseswherespeechhasstartedlateinachildwhoeventuaLlyturns
outtobeofhighIQ.
Attwelveweeksababysmilesandmakesvowel-likesounds;
attwelvemonths
hecanspeaksimple
wordsandunderstandsimplecommands;
ateighteenmonthshehasa
vocabularyofthreeto
fiftywords.Atthreeheknowsaboutl,000wordswhichhecanputinto
sentences,andatfour
hislanguagediffersfromthatofhisparentsinstyleratherthangrammar.
Recentevidencesuggeststhataninfantisbornwiththecapacitytospeak.
Whatisspecial
aboutman'
sbrain,comparedwiththatofthemonkey,ifthecomplexsystem
whichenablesa
childtoconnectthesightandfeelof,say,atoy-bearwiththesoundpattem
"
toy-bear"
.And
evenmoreincredibleistheyoungbrain'
sabilitytopickoutanorderinlanguage
fromthemixture
ofsoundaroundhim,toanalyse,tocombineandrecombinethepartsofa
languageinnewways.
Butspeechhastobeinduced,andthisdependsoninteractionbetweenthe
motherandthe
child,wherethemotherrecognizesthesignalsinthechild'
sbabbling(咿呀学
语),graspingand
smiling,andrespondstothem.Insensitivityofthemothertothesesignalsdulls
theinteraction
becausethechildgetsdiscouragedandsendsoutonlytheobvioussignals.
Sensitivitytothe
child'
snon-verbalsignalsisessentialtothegrowthanddevelopmentof
language.
31.ThepurposeofFrederickII'
sexperimentwas__
A.toprovethatchildrenarebornwiththeabilitytospeak
B.todiscoverwhatlanguageachildwouldspeakwithouthearinganyhuman
speech
C.tofindoutwhatrolecarefulnursingwouldplayinteachingachildtospeak
D.toprovethatachildcouldbedamagedwithoutlearningalanguage
32.Thereasonsomechildrenarebackwardinspeakingismostprobablythat__
A.theyareincapableoflearninglanguagerapidly
B.theyareexposedtotoomuchlanguageatonce
C.theirmothersrespondinadequatelytotheirattemptstospeak
D.theirmothersarenotintelligentenoughtohelpthem
33.Whatisexceptionallyremarkableaboutachildisthat
A.heisbornwiththecapacitytospeak
B.hehasabrainmorecomplexthanananimal'
s
C.hecanproducehisownsentences
D.heoweshisspeechabilitytogoodnursing
34.WhichofthefonowingcanNOTbeinferredfromthepassage?
A.Thefacultyofspeechisinborninman.
B.Encouragementisanythingbutessentialtoachildinlanguagelearning.
C.Thechild'
sbrainishighlyselective.
D.Mostchildrenlearntheirlanguageindefinitestages.
35.Ifachildstartstospeaklaterthanothers,hewill
A.haveahighIQ
B.belessintelligent
C.beinsensitivetoverbalsignals
D.notnecessarilybebackward
2
Ingeneral,oursocietyisbecomingoneofgiantenterprisesdirectedbya
bureaucratic(官僚主义的)managementinwhichmanbecomesasmall,
well-oiledcoginthemachinery.Theoiling
isdonewithhigherwages,well-ventilatedfactoriesandpipedmusic,andby
psychologistsand
human-relations"
experts;
yetallthisoilingdoesnotalterthefactthatman
hasbecomepowerless,
thathedoesnotwholeheartedlyparticipateinhisworkandthatheis
boredwithit.Infact,
theblue-andthewhite-collarworkershavebecomeeconomicpuppetswho
dancetothetuneofau
tomatedmachinesandbureaucraticmanagement.
Theworkerandemployeeareanxious,notonlybecausetheymightfind
themselvesoutofa
job;
theyareanxiousalsobecausetheyareunabletoacquireanyreal
satisfactionorinterestin
life.Theyliveanddiewithouteverhavingconfrontedth