虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题Word下载.docx
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例如:
IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonehome.
Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor'
sadvice,youwouldbequiteallrightnow.(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在。
)
Iftheweatherhadbeenmorefavorable,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.
状语从句
1.方式状语asif(asthough)
如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;
表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用"
had+过去分词"
;
表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用"
would(might,could)+动词原形"
。
HelooksatmeasifIweremad.
HespokeEnglishsofluentlyasifhehadstudiedEnglishinEngland.
但asif(asthough)后的从句也常用陈述语气,这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可能被设想为真实的。
Itlooksasifoursideisgoingtowin.
2.目的状语inorderthat,sothat从句谓语动词用"
may/might,can/could)+动词原形"
Shelistenedcarefullyinorderthatshemightdiscoverexactlywhathewanted.
3.连词引导的条件状语从句:
incase,unless,supposing,providing,onconditionthat从句谓语动词用(should)或"
might,could)+动词原形"
4.连词引导的步状语从句:
lest,forfearthat等
Wehidbehindsomebushesforfearthatpasser-byshouldseeus.
二.虚拟语气用于宾语从句
1.Suggest,advise等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下:
1)要求:
askdemandrequirerequestbegpleadinsistprayurge
2)建议:
suggestadviseproposerecommendmove
3)命令、决定:
ordercommanddecidedetermineresolve
4)其它:
consentdeservedesireintendmaintainprefer等后面的宾语从句中+that…(should)+动词原形
注意:
在此结构中that不可省略;
should省不省均可。
Hesuggestedthatthey(should)stopsmoking.
Theydemandedthattheblackpeopleshouldbetreatedaswellaswhitepeople.
如果that引导的从句所表达的内容是事实,也可用陈述语气。
Heinsiststhatheisright.
insist作"
力言"
、"
强调"
解时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。
只有当insist作"
坚持(应该)"
解时,宾语从句才用虚拟语气。
Mikeinsistedthathehadneverstolenanything.
Iinsistedthatyougivememymoneyback.
2."
wish+宾语从句"
表示不能实现的愿望,汉语可译为"
可惜……"
……就好了"
悔不该……"
但愿……"
等。
表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用过去式;
表示将来不能实现的愿望,用"
would(could)+动词原形"
表示过去不能实现的愿望,用"
或"
(could)would+have+过去分词"
wish的用法
1).与现在事实相反:
动词过去式或were
Iwishwecouldgototheseasidetoday.
IwishIwereapopsinger.(=IamsorryIamnotapopsinger..)
2).与过去事实相反:
主语+wish(that)+主语+动词过去完成式
Wewishwehadarrivedtheretwohoursearlier.
IwishIhadneverstoppedteaching.(=IamsorryIstoppedteaching.)
3).与将来事实相反:
助动词过去式+动词原形
Iwishthey’dletusgetsomesleep.
wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于:
hope表示一般可以实现的希望,宾语从句用陈述语气。
wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。
试比较:
(1)Wehopetheywillcome,(Wedon’tknowiftheycancome.)
(2)Wewishtheycouldcome,(Weknowtheyarenotcoming.)
3..虚拟语气在wouldrather/wouldsooner/wouldjustassoon后接从句:
I'
dratheryoupaidmenow.(从句用过去时指现在)
Iwouldrathertheycametomorrow.(从句用过去时指将来)
drathershehadn'
tdonethat.(从句用过去完成时指过去)(此句中的would可看作是表愿望的实义动词)
三.虚拟语气用于主语从句
在主语从句中,谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用"
should+动词原形"
的结构,表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等。
Itisnecessary(appropriatecrucialdesirabledreadfulessentialimportantimproperincredibleindispensableinsistentnaturalpreferablepossibleprobableproperrightsignificantsurprisingstrangetragicurgentvitalwrongetc.)thatweshouldcleantheroomeveryday.
Itwasapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)thatyoushouldbesocareless.
Itwillbedesired(suggested,decided,ordered,
requested,proposed,etc.)thatsheshouldfinishherhomeworkthisafternoon.
a
在上述三种主语从句中,should意为"
应该"
竟然"
可以省去,但不可换用would。
主句所用动词的时态不限。
这种从句表示的是事实。
如果说话人对这种事实表示惊奇,就可用虚拟语气。
反之,如果不表示惊奇,that从句也可用陈述语气。
Itisstrangethathedidnotcomeyesterday.
Itisapitythatyoucan'
tswim.
四.虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句
n.要求:
demandrequirementrequestmotionprayinsistence
建议:
suggestionadviceproposalrecommendationmotion
命令、决定:
ordercommanddecisiondeterminationresolution
其它:
plandesireideanecessitypreference等名词的表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构"
(should)+动词原形"
Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoBeijingforsightseeing.
Myideaisthathe(should)doexercisesfirst.
五、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法
1.省掉if的条件从句倒装结构:
Hadyouaskedme,Iwouldhavetoldyou.(=Ifyouhadaskedme,…)
2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示,如:
Atruefriendwouldnotdosuchathing.
(=Ifhewereatruefriend,he...)
(=Iftherewerenowater,…)
(=Ifyouhadn’thelpedme,…)
3.虚拟语气用于定语从句:
It’s(high)timethat…+动词过去式或should+动词原形,(should不能省略,be用were)"
来表示,意为"
(现在)该……"
如:
It’stime(that)youhadahaircut.
It’shightime(that)wetooksomeaction.
4.虚拟语气用于ifonly引导的感叹句:
IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice.我要是听他的话就好了。
IfonlyIwereabird!
我如果是一只鸟就好了。
5.虚拟语气用于简单句
1)表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌,使语气委婉,常出现在日常会话中。
Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate.
Wouldyoubekindenoughtoopenthedoor?
2)用于一些习惯表达法中。
Wouldyoulikeacupoftea.
Youhadbettergonow.
3)用"
may+动词原形"
表示"
祝愿"
但愿"
may须置于句首。
Mayyoubehappy!
Mayyousucceed!
6.含蓄条件句
在某些虚拟语气结构中没有if条件句,虚拟条件是用其它形式表示出来,这种现象在语法上称为"
含蓄条件句"
含蓄条件具体分为以下几种情况:
1)通过动词不定式短语表示条件。
Youwouldbeafooltorefusehisoffer.
(=Ifyoushouldrefusehisoffer,youwouldbeafool.)
要是你拒绝他的建议,就太傻了。
2)通过介词短语表达条件。
ButforthestormIwouldhavearrivedmuchearlier.
(=Ifithadnotbeenforthestorm...)
要不是那场暴雨,我早就到达了。
Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.Iwouldnothavesucceededbutforyourhelp.
3)通过连词otherwise,or,but,that,though,once等表达条件。
Shecametotownyesterday,otherwise/orIwouldnothavemether.
昨天她到城里来了,不然我就不会遇见她了。
(otherwise/or=ifshehadn'
tcome)
Iwouldhaveattendedthemeeting,butIhavebeentoobusy.
(=...ifIhadnotbeentoobusy)
我本来要参加会议的,只是太忙了。
4)通过Wereitnotfor...或Haditnotbeenfor...等句式表达条件。
意为"
如果当时没有……"
表示同过去事实相反的假设。
Wereitnotfor(=Ifitwerenotfor)theleadershipoftheParty,wecouldnotliveahappylife.
要不是党的领导,我们不可能过幸福生活。
(与现在事实相反)
Haditnotbeenfor(=Ifithadnotbeenfor)theleadershipoftheParty,weshouldhavefailed.
若不是有党的领导,我们早就失败了。
(与过去事实相反)
5)通过分词短语表达条件。
Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.倘若给予更多的关心,这些树本来可以生长得更好的。
(=Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention...)
6)无词句暗示条件。
Suchmistakescouldhavebeenavoided.这种错误本来可以避免的。
(暗含条件从句ifwehadbeenmorecareful)
Itwassoquiet,youcouldhaveheardapindrop.是那样的安静,掉根针你都听得见。
(暗含条件从句ifithaddroppedtotheground)
虚拟语气专项练习题
(1).IfIyou,Iwouldgobyplane.Flyingismuchfaster.
A.beB.was
C.wereD.am
(2).IdonotthinkthosepeoplearereallyEnglish.Iftheywere,
theyspeakwithFrenchaccents.
A.don'
tB.willnot
C.mustn'
tD.wouldn'
t
(3)today,wouldwebeabletogettherebyTuesday?
A.Wereweleaving
B.Ifweleave
C.Wouldweleave
D.Werewetoleave
(4).IfPetertomorrow,whatwouldyoudo?
A.werenottocome
B.willnotcome
C.wouldnotcome
D.hadnotcome
(5).“Shedidn'
taskme,soIdidn'
thelpher?
”
“Youmeantosay,youwould'
vehelpedher?
A.ifsheaskedyou
B.ifsheweretoaskyou
C.hadsheaskedyou
D.wereshetoaskyou
6).Theytooktheinjuredstraighttothehospital.Otherwisesomeofthem.
A.mighthavedied
B.mightdie
C.woulddie
D.coulddie
(7).Iftheyhadknownhim,tohim?
A.wouldtheyhavetalkedB.wouldtheytalk
C.hadtheytalkedD.theywouldtalk
(8).IfIlivedinthecity,Itravelledincrowdedbuses,butItoseelotsof
films.
A.shallhaveto/shallbeableB.shallhaveto/amable
C.wouldhaveto/wereableD.wouldhaveto/wouldbeable
(9).Iwouldhavegonetotheconcert,ifItime.
A.hadhad
B.havehad
C.had
D.wouldhavehad
(10).Iknownit,Iwouldhavetoldyou.
A.HaveB.If
C.HadD.Having
(11).yourhelp,Iwouldnothavesucceeded.
A.BecauseB.BecauseofC.ButD.Butfor
(12).“WhatdidMrSmithsayabouthiscareer?
“Onlythatifheamillionaire,hewouldhavefewerworries.”
A.didnotbecomeB.hadnotbecome
C.doesnotbecomeD.hasnotbecome
(13).“Whydidn'
tyouhelphim?
“IwouldhaveIdidn'
thavethemoney.”
A.stillB.but
C.otherwiseD.or
(14).“WhoshouldgotoseeLiYing?
Heisilltoday.”
“IsuggestWangHong.”
A.goesB.wouldgo
C.goD.went
(15).Thehousemasterwasstrict.Herequestedthatwetelevisiononweek
nights.
A.notwatch
B.mustnottowatch
C.notbewatching
D.havenotwatch
(16).Ican'
tspeakJapanese,butIdowishI.
A.canB.could
C.hadD.speak
(17).“Areyouenjoyingyourstayhere?
’
“Yes,verymuch.IwishIhavetoleavesosoon.”
A.won'
tB.don'
t
C.mustn'
tD.didn'
(18).“Whatwillyoudoduringthesummerholidays?
“Idon'
tknow,butit'
sabouttimeonsomething.”
A.I'
mdecidingB.I'
lldecide
C.IdecidedD.I'
ddecided
(19).I'
dratheryouanythingaboutitforthetimebeing.
A.sayB.didn'
tsay
C.don'
tsayD.notsay
(20).“Whydoyouhavetobethereatsix?
“Theteacherdemandsthateveryoneinhisseatatsix.”
A.wouldbeB.canbe
C.beD.willbe
(21).Hemakesanoteoftheassignmentlestheit.
A.forgetsB.forget
C.willforgetD.willnotforget
(22).“Howdoesthelibrarianact?
“Heactsasifheawalkingdictionary.”
A.wereB.be
C.isD.hasbeen
23).Thereisalawthatdrunkendriversseverelypunished.
A.wereB.are
C.beD.willbe
(24).Iwishyouinte