虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题Word下载.docx

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虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题Word下载.docx

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虚拟语气的用法及专项练习题Word下载.docx

例如:

IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavegonehome.

Ifyouhadfollowedthedoctor'

sadvice,youwouldbequiteallrightnow.(从句说的是过去,主句指的是现在。

Iftheweatherhadbeenmorefavorable,thecropswouldbegrowingstillbetter.

状语从句

1.方式状语asif(asthough)

如果从句表示与现在事实相反,谓语动词用一般过去时;

表示与过去事实相反,谓语动词用"

had+过去分词"

;

表示与将来事实相反,谓语动词用"

would(might,could)+动词原形"

HelooksatmeasifIweremad.

HespokeEnglishsofluentlyasifhehadstudiedEnglishinEngland.

但asif(asthough)后的从句也常用陈述语气,这是因为从句中的情况往往是可能发生的或可能被设想为真实的。

Itlooksasifoursideisgoingtowin.

2.目的状语inorderthat,sothat从句谓语动词用"

may/might,can/could)+动词原形"

Shelistenedcarefullyinorderthatshemightdiscoverexactlywhathewanted.

3.连词引导的条件状语从句:

incase,unless,supposing,providing,onconditionthat从句谓语动词用(should)或"

might,could)+动词原形"

4.连词引导的步状语从句:

lest,forfearthat等

Wehidbehindsomebushesforfearthatpasser-byshouldseeus.

二.虚拟语气用于宾语从句

1.Suggest,advise等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气,其句子结构如下:

1)要求:

askdemandrequirerequestbegpleadinsistprayurge

2)建议:

suggestadviseproposerecommendmove

3)命令、决定:

ordercommanddecidedetermineresolve

4)其它:

consentdeservedesireintendmaintainprefer等后面的宾语从句中+that…(should)+动词原形

注意:

在此结构中that不可省略;

should省不省均可。

Hesuggestedthatthey(should)stopsmoking.

Theydemandedthattheblackpeopleshouldbetreatedaswellaswhitepeople.

如果that引导的从句所表达的内容是事实,也可用陈述语气。

Heinsiststhatheisright.

insist作"

力言"

、"

强调"

解时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。

只有当insist作"

坚持(应该)"

解时,宾语从句才用虚拟语气。

Mikeinsistedthathehadneverstolenanything.

Iinsistedthatyougivememymoneyback.

2."

wish+宾语从句"

表示不能实现的愿望,汉语可译为"

可惜……"

……就好了"

悔不该……"

但愿……"

等。

表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句的谓语动词用过去式;

表示将来不能实现的愿望,用"

would(could)+动词原形"

表示过去不能实现的愿望,用"

或"

(could)would+have+过去分词"

wish的用法

1).与现在事实相反:

动词过去式或were

Iwishwecouldgototheseasidetoday.

IwishIwereapopsinger.(=IamsorryIamnotapopsinger..)

2).与过去事实相反:

主语+wish(that)+主语+动词过去完成式

Wewishwehadarrivedtheretwohoursearlier.

IwishIhadneverstoppedteaching.(=IamsorryIstoppedteaching.)

3).与将来事实相反:

助动词过去式+动词原形

Iwishthey’dletusgetsomesleep.

wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于:

hope表示一般可以实现的希望,宾语从句用陈述语气。

wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。

试比较:

(1)Wehopetheywillcome,(Wedon’tknowiftheycancome.)

(2)Wewishtheycouldcome,(Weknowtheyarenotcoming.)

3..虚拟语气在wouldrather/wouldsooner/wouldjustassoon后接从句:

I'

dratheryoupaidmenow.(从句用过去时指现在)

Iwouldrathertheycametomorrow.(从句用过去时指将来)

drathershehadn'

tdonethat.(从句用过去完成时指过去)(此句中的would可看作是表愿望的实义动词)

三.虚拟语气用于主语从句

在主语从句中,谓语动词的虚拟语气结构用"

should+动词原形"

的结构,表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等。

Itisnecessary(appropriatecrucialdesirabledreadfulessentialimportantimproperincredibleindispensableinsistentnaturalpreferablepossibleprobableproperrightsignificantsurprisingstrangetragicurgentvitalwrongetc.)thatweshouldcleantheroomeveryday.

Itwasapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)thatyoushouldbesocareless.

Itwillbedesired(suggested,decided,ordered,

requested,proposed,etc.)thatsheshouldfinishherhomeworkthisafternoon.

在上述三种主语从句中,should意为"

应该"

竟然"

可以省去,但不可换用would。

主句所用动词的时态不限。

这种从句表示的是事实。

如果说话人对这种事实表示惊奇,就可用虚拟语气。

反之,如果不表示惊奇,that从句也可用陈述语气。

Itisstrangethathedidnotcomeyesterday.

Itisapitythatyoucan'

tswim.

四.虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句

n.要求:

demandrequirementrequestmotionprayinsistence

建议:

suggestionadviceproposalrecommendationmotion

命令、决定:

ordercommanddecisiondeterminationresolution

其它:

plandesireideanecessitypreference等名词的表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构"

(should)+动词原形"

Weallagreedtohissuggestionthatwe(should)gotoBeijingforsightseeing.

Myideaisthathe(should)doexercisesfirst.

五、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法

1.省掉if的条件从句倒装结构:

Hadyouaskedme,Iwouldhavetoldyou.(=Ifyouhadaskedme,…)

2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示,如:

Atruefriendwouldnotdosuchathing.

(=Ifhewereatruefriend,he...)

(=Iftherewerenowater,…)

(=Ifyouhadn’thelpedme,…)

3.虚拟语气用于定语从句:

It’s(high)timethat…+动词过去式或should+动词原形,(should不能省略,be用were)"

来表示,意为"

(现在)该……"

如:

It’stime(that)youhadahaircut.

It’shightime(that)wetooksomeaction.

4.虚拟语气用于ifonly引导的感叹句:

IfonlyIhadtakenhisadvice.我要是听他的话就好了。

IfonlyIwereabird!

我如果是一只鸟就好了。

5.虚拟语气用于简单句

1)表示说话人谦虚、客气、有礼貌,使语气委婉,常出现在日常会话中。

Itwouldbebetterforyounottostayuptoolate.

Wouldyoubekindenoughtoopenthedoor?

2)用于一些习惯表达法中。

Wouldyoulikeacupoftea.

Youhadbettergonow.

3)用"

may+动词原形"

表示"

祝愿"

但愿"

may须置于句首。

Mayyoubehappy!

Mayyousucceed!

6.含蓄条件句

在某些虚拟语气结构中没有if条件句,虚拟条件是用其它形式表示出来,这种现象在语法上称为"

含蓄条件句"

含蓄条件具体分为以下几种情况:

1)通过动词不定式短语表示条件。

Youwouldbeafooltorefusehisoffer.

(=Ifyoushouldrefusehisoffer,youwouldbeafool.)

要是你拒绝他的建议,就太傻了。

2)通过介词短语表达条件。

ButforthestormIwouldhavearrivedmuchearlier.

(=Ifithadnotbeenforthestorm...)

要不是那场暴雨,我早就到达了。

Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.Iwouldnothavesucceededbutforyourhelp.

3)通过连词otherwise,or,but,that,though,once等表达条件。

Shecametotownyesterday,otherwise/orIwouldnothavemether.

昨天她到城里来了,不然我就不会遇见她了。

(otherwise/or=ifshehadn'

tcome)

Iwouldhaveattendedthemeeting,butIhavebeentoobusy.

(=...ifIhadnotbeentoobusy)

我本来要参加会议的,只是太忙了。

4)通过Wereitnotfor...或Haditnotbeenfor...等句式表达条件。

意为"

如果当时没有……"

表示同过去事实相反的假设。

Wereitnotfor(=Ifitwerenotfor)theleadershipoftheParty,wecouldnotliveahappylife.

要不是党的领导,我们不可能过幸福生活。

(与现在事实相反)

Haditnotbeenfor(=Ifithadnotbeenfor)theleadershipoftheParty,weshouldhavefailed.

若不是有党的领导,我们早就失败了。

(与过去事实相反)

5)通过分词短语表达条件。

Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.倘若给予更多的关心,这些树本来可以生长得更好的。

(=Iftheyhadbeengivenmoreattention...)

6)无词句暗示条件。

Suchmistakescouldhavebeenavoided.这种错误本来可以避免的。

(暗含条件从句ifwehadbeenmorecareful)

Itwassoquiet,youcouldhaveheardapindrop.是那样的安静,掉根针你都听得见。

(暗含条件从句ifithaddroppedtotheground)

虚拟语气专项练习题

(1).IfIyou,Iwouldgobyplane.Flyingismuchfaster.

A.beB.was

C.wereD.am

(2).IdonotthinkthosepeoplearereallyEnglish.Iftheywere,

theyspeakwithFrenchaccents.

A.don'

tB.willnot

C.mustn'

tD.wouldn'

t

(3)today,wouldwebeabletogettherebyTuesday?

A.Wereweleaving

B.Ifweleave

C.Wouldweleave

D.Werewetoleave

(4).IfPetertomorrow,whatwouldyoudo?

A.werenottocome

B.willnotcome

C.wouldnotcome

D.hadnotcome

(5).“Shedidn'

taskme,soIdidn'

thelpher?

“Youmeantosay,youwould'

vehelpedher?

A.ifsheaskedyou

B.ifsheweretoaskyou

C.hadsheaskedyou

D.wereshetoaskyou

6).Theytooktheinjuredstraighttothehospital.Otherwisesomeofthem.

A.mighthavedied

B.mightdie

C.woulddie

D.coulddie

(7).Iftheyhadknownhim,tohim?

A.wouldtheyhavetalkedB.wouldtheytalk

C.hadtheytalkedD.theywouldtalk

(8).IfIlivedinthecity,Itravelledincrowdedbuses,butItoseelotsof 

films.

A.shallhaveto/shallbeableB.shallhaveto/amable

C.wouldhaveto/wereableD.wouldhaveto/wouldbeable

(9).Iwouldhavegonetotheconcert,ifItime.

A.hadhad

B.havehad

C.had

D.wouldhavehad

(10).Iknownit,Iwouldhavetoldyou.

A.HaveB.If

C.HadD.Having

(11).yourhelp,Iwouldnothavesucceeded.

A.BecauseB.BecauseofC.ButD.Butfor

(12).“WhatdidMrSmithsayabouthiscareer?

“Onlythatifheamillionaire,hewouldhavefewerworries.”

A.didnotbecomeB.hadnotbecome

C.doesnotbecomeD.hasnotbecome

(13).“Whydidn'

tyouhelphim?

“IwouldhaveIdidn'

thavethemoney.”

A.stillB.but

C.otherwiseD.or

(14).“WhoshouldgotoseeLiYing?

Heisilltoday.”

“IsuggestWangHong.”

A.goesB.wouldgo

C.goD.went

(15).Thehousemasterwasstrict.Herequestedthatwetelevisiononweek 

nights.

A.notwatch

B.mustnottowatch

C.notbewatching

D.havenotwatch

(16).Ican'

tspeakJapanese,butIdowishI.

A.canB.could

C.hadD.speak

(17).“Areyouenjoyingyourstayhere?

“Yes,verymuch.IwishIhavetoleavesosoon.”

A.won'

tB.don'

t

C.mustn'

tD.didn'

(18).“Whatwillyoudoduringthesummerholidays?

“Idon'

tknow,butit'

sabouttimeonsomething.”

A.I'

mdecidingB.I'

lldecide

C.IdecidedD.I'

ddecided

(19).I'

dratheryouanythingaboutitforthetimebeing.

A.sayB.didn'

tsay

C.don'

tsayD.notsay

(20).“Whydoyouhavetobethereatsix?

“Theteacherdemandsthateveryoneinhisseatatsix.”

A.wouldbeB.canbe

C.beD.willbe

(21).Hemakesanoteoftheassignmentlestheit.

A.forgetsB.forget

C.willforgetD.willnotforget

(22).“Howdoesthelibrarianact?

“Heactsasifheawalkingdictionary.”

A.wereB.be

C.isD.hasbeen

23).Thereisalawthatdrunkendriversseverelypunished.

A.wereB.are

C.beD.willbe

(24).Iwishyouinte

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