普通高等学校招生全国统一考试江苏卷Word文档格式.docx
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38.A.appeal
B.look
C.call
D.qualify
39.A.involved
B.trapped
C.lost
D.bathed
40.A.lecture
B.speech
C.discussion
D.debate
41.A.calculated
B.listened
C.drank
D.explained
42.A.eagerly
B.gradually
C.gratefully
D.finally
43.A.admitted
B.interrupted
C.apologized
D.complained
44.A.automatic
B.slow
C.independent
D.changing
45.A.confused
B.informed
C.pleased
D.hit
46.A.onloan
B.onpurpose
C.onsale
D.onbalance
47.A.comment
B.announcement
C.decision
D.arrangement
48.A.life
B.progress
C.performance
D.investment
49.A.contract
B.conversation
C.negotiation
D.argument
50.A.lent
B.sold
C.showed
D.offered
51.A.recalled
B.defined
C.recognized
D.declared
52.A.tool
B.method
C.way
D.rule
53.A.provide
B.buy
C.give
D.deliver
54.A.grow
B.survive
C.move
D.gather
55.A.difficult
B.random
C.firm
D.wise
第三部分：
阅读理解（共15小题；
每小题2分，满分30分）
请阅读下列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
DayschoolProgram
SecondarystudentsacrossTorontoDistrictSchoolBoard（TDSB）areinvitedtotakeoneortwoe-Learningcoursesontheirdayschooltimetable.Studentswillremainontherollattheirdayschool.
Theon-lineclassroomprovidesaninnovativerelevantandinteractiveLearningenvironment.Thecoursesandon-lineclassroomareprovidedbytheMinistryofEducation
Theseon-linecourses
aretaughtbyTDSBsecondaryschoolteachers
arepartoftheTDSBStudent’stimetable;
and
appearonthestudent’sreportuponcompletion
Benefitsofe-Learning
Include:
AccesstocoursesthatmaynotbeavailableathisorherTDSBschool
Usingtechnologytoprovidestudentswithcurrentinformation:
and.
assistancetosolvetimetableconflicts
Ise-LearningforYou?
Studentswhoaresuccessfulinanon-linecourseareusually;
abletoplan,organizetimeandcompleteassignmentsandactivities;
capableofworkingindependentlyinaresponsibleandhonestmanner;
and,
abletoregularlyuseacomputerormobiledevicewithinternetaccess
Studentsneedtospendatleastasmuchtimewiththeiron-linecourseworkastheywouldinaface-to-faceclassroomcourse.
56.E-LearningcoursesaredifferentfromotherTDSBcoursesinthat.
A.theyaregivenbybestTDSBteachers.
B.theyarenotonthedayschooltimetable.
C.theyarenotincludedonstudents’reports.
D.theyareanadditiontoTDSBcourses.
57.Whatdostudentsneedtodobeforecompletinge-learningcourses?
A.Tolearninformationtechnologyon-line.
B.Todotheirassignmentsindependently.
C.Toupdatetheirmobiledevicesregularly.
D.Totalkfacetofacewiththeirteachers.
B
Chimps（黑猩猩）willcooperateincertainways,likegatheringinwarpartiestoprotecttheirterritory.Butbeyondtheminimumrequirementsassocialbeings,theyhavelittleinstinct（本能）tohelponeanother.Chimpsinthewildseekfoodforthemselves.Evenchimpmothersregularlydeclinetosharefoodwiththeirchildren.Whoareablefromayoungagetogathertheirownfood.
Inthelaboratory,chimpsdon’tnaturallysharefoodeither.Ifachimpisputinacagewherehecanpullinoneplateoffoodforhimselfor,withnogreateffort,aplatethatalsoprovidesfoodforaneighbortothenextcage,hewillpullatrandom---hejustdoesn’tcarewhetherhisneighborgetsfedornot.Chimpsaretrulyselfish.
Humanchildren,ontheotherhand,areextremelycorporative.Fromtheearliestages,theydesiretohelpothers,toshareinformationandtoparticipateinachievingcommongoals.ThepsychologistMichaelTomasellohasstudiedthiscooperativenessinaseriesofexpensivewithveryyoungchildren.Hefindsthatifbabiesaged18monthsseeanunrelatedadultwithhandsfulltryingtoopenadoor,almostallwillimmediatelytrytohelp.
Thereareseveralreasonstobelievethattheurgestohelp,informandsharearenottaught.butnaturallypossessedinyoungchildren.Oneisthattheseinstinctsappearataveryyoungagebeforemostparentshavestartedtotrainchildrentobehavesocially.Anotheristhatthehelpingbehaviorsarenotimprovedifthechildrenarerewarded.Athirdreasonisthatsocialintelligencedevelops
in
children
before
their
general
cognitive（认知的）skills,at
least
when
compared
with
chimps..In
tests
conducted
by
Tomtasell,
the
did
no
better
than
chimps
on
physical
world
tests,
but
were
considerably
at
understanding
social
world
Thecoreofwhatchildren’smindhaveandchimps’don’tiswhatTomasellocallssharedintentionality.Partofthisabilityisthattheycaninferwhatothersknoworarethinking.Butbeyondthat,evenveryyoungchildrenwanttobepartofasharedpurpose.Theyactivelyseektobepartofa“we”,agroupthatintendstoworktowardasharedgoal.
58.Whatcanwelearnfromtheexperimentwithchimps?
A.Chimpsseldomcareaboutothers’interests.
B.Chimpstendtoprovidefoodfortheirchildren.
C.Chimpsliketotakeintheirneighbors’food.
D.Chimpsnaturallysharefoodwitheachother.
59.MichaelTomasello’stestsonyoungchildrenindicatethatthey____.
A.havetheinstincttohelpothers
B.knowhowtoofferhelptoadults
C.knowtheworldbetterthanchimps
D.trustadultswiththeirhandsfull
60.Thepassageismainlyabout____.
A.thehelpingbehaviorsofyoungchildren
B.waystotrainchildren’ssharedintentionality
C.cooperationasadistinctivehumannature
D.thedevelopmentofintelligenceinchildren
C
ElNifio,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”,wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermanwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNifioseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.
Theweathereffects,bothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNifio,onbalance,thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNifioin1997-98helpedAmerican’seconomygrowby$15billion,partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests,farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.
ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought（干旱）insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNinomayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia,theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.
ThemostrecentpowerfulNino,in1997-98,killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNinoscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute（ODI）,however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.
Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure（基础设施）canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers（下水道）makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.Accordingtoapaperin2011byMrHsiangandco-authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNino’sharmfuleffects—andthepoorerthecountry,thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal,helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNino,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.
61.WhatcanwelearnaboutElNinoinParagraph1?
A.ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman.
B.Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.
C.Itforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharo
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