江苏专转本英语文档格式.docx
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Differentcountriesanddifferentraceshavedifferentmanners.BeforeenteringahouseinsomeAsiancountries,itisgoodmannerstotakeoffyourshoes.InEuropeancountries,eventhoughshoessometimesbecomeverymuddy,thisisnotdone.AguestinaChinesehousesometimesdoesnotfinishadrink.Heleavesalittle,toshowthathehashadenough.InaMalayhouse,too,aguestalwaysleavesalittlefood.InEngland,aguestalwaysfinishesadrinktoshowthatheenjoysit.
Weshouldliketofindoutthecustomsofotherraces,sothattheywillnotthinkusill-mannered.Butpeopleallovertheworldagreethatbeingwell-manneredreallymeansbeingkindandhelpingothers,especiallythoseolderorweakerthanourselves.Ifyourememberthis,youwillnotgoveryfarwrong.
Herearesomeexamplesofthethingsthatawell-manneredpersondoesordoesnotdo.
Heneverlaughsatpeoplewhentheyareintrouble.Heisalwayskindeithertopeopleortoanimals.Whenpeoplearewaitingforabus,orinapostoffice,helinesuptowaithisturn.Inthebus,hegiveshisseattoanolderpersonoraladywhoisstanding.Ifheaccidentallybumpsinto(碰撞)someone,orgetsintheirway,hesays“Excuseme”or“I’msorry”.
Hesays“Please”whenmakingarequest,and“Thankyou”whenhereceivessomething.Hestandsupwhenspeakingtoaladyoranolderperson,andhedoesnotsitdownuntiltheotherpersonisseated.Hedoesnottalktoomuchabouthimself.Wheneating,hedoesnotspeakwithhismouthfulloffood.
1.Accordingtothepassage,aknowledgeofthecustomsofotherraces______.
A.isveryusefulB.isunnecessary
C.isunimportantD.doesnotmeanmuch
2.Apersonwithgoodmannersthinksof______.
A.theolderbeforehimselfB.himselfbeforeothers
C.noonebuthimselfD.hispersonalinterests
3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?
Awell-manneredpersonusually______.
A.says“Please”whenmakingarequest
B.makesanapologyforbumpingintosomeoneaccidentally
C.sitswhereheiswhenspeakingtoalady
D.triestohelpthosewhoareintrouble
4.Ifyouwanttobewell-mannered,______.
A.youlaughatpeoplewhentheyareintrouble
B.it’sallrighttospeakwithyourmouthfulloffood
C.youshouldstopsomeonewhenheistalking
D.youshouldspeakaftersomeoneelsehasfinishedtalking
5.Asdifferentcountrieshavedifferentmanners,______
A.it’sunnecessarytolearntheirmanners
B.weshouldtrytofindoutthedifferencesinthecustoms
C.itshouldbewrongtogooutofone’swaytodoanything
D.learningalittlelanguagewouldbehelped
PassageTwo
Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
IenteredSt.Thomas’sHospitalasamedicalstudentattheageof18andspentfiveyearsthere.Iwasanunsatisfactorystudent,formyheartwasnotinit.Ihadalwayswantedtobeawriter,andintheevenings,aftermytea,Iwroteandread.Beforelong,Iwroteanovel,calledLizaofLambeth,whichIsenttoapublisherandwasaccepted.Itappearedduringmylastyearatthehospitalandhadsomethingofasuccess.IfeltIcouldaffordtogiveupmedicineandmakewritingmyprofession;
so,threedaysafterIgraduatedfromtheschoolofmedicine,IsetoutforSpaintowriteanotherbook.Lookingbacknow,andknowingtheterribledifficultiesofmakingalivingbywriting,IrealizeIwastakingafearfulrisk.
Thenexttenyearswereveryhard,andIearnedanaverageof£100ayear.ThenIhadabitofluck.ThemanageroftheCourtTheatreputonaplaythatfailed.Thenextplayhearrangedtoputonwasnotready,andhewasathiswit’send.Hereadaplayofmineand,thoughhedidnotmuchlikeit,hethoughtitmightjustrunforthesixweekstilltheplayhehadinmindcouldbeproduced.Itranforfifteenmonths.Withinashortwhile,IhadfourplaysrunninginLondonatthesametime.Nothingofthekindhadeverhappenedbefore.Iwasthetalkofthetown.
6.Whentheauthorwasamedicalstudent,he______.
A.hadsometroublewithhisheart
B.wasaverygoodstudent
C.wantedtobeawriteraftergraduation
D.wassatisfiedwithwhathewasdoingatthetime
7.Whentheauthorwrotehisfirstnovel,______.
A.hesentittoapublisherbutitwasnotaccepted
B.hewasstillstudyingatthemedicalschool
C.hesucceededinpublishingitthoughitwasnotasuccess.
D.hehadgraduatedfromthemedicalschool.
8.Theauthorgaveupmedicinebecauseatthattime______.
A.hethoughthecouldmakealivingbywriting
B.heknewthesuccessofthebookwasnatural
C.heknewitwasnorisktobeawriter
D.hewasquiterichafterthesuccessofhisbook
9.Forthefirsttenyearsofhiswritingcareerafterhisgraduation,theauthorearnedanaverageof£100ayear,whichwas______.
A.agreatsumB.abitofluck
C.asmallsumD.amoderatesuccess
10.ThemanageroftheCourtTheatreagreedtoputontheauthor’splaybecause______.
A.hethoughttheauthorwasagoodplaywright
B.helikedtheauthor’splaysverymuch
C.hefailedtoarrangeanewplayintime
D.heheardthattheauthorhadstudiedmedicinebefore
PassageThree
Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Inthelast500years,nothingaboutpeople–--nottheirclothes,ideasorlanguages---haschangedasmuchaswhattheyeat.TheoriginalchocolatedrinkwasmadefromtheseedsofthecocoatreebySouthAmericanIndians.TheSpanishintroducedittotherestoftheworld.Andalthoughitwasveryexpensive,itquicklybecamefashionable.InLondon,shopswherechocolatedrinkswereservedbecameimportantmeetingplaces.Somestillexisttoday.
ThepotatoisalsofromtheNewWorld.Around1500,theSpanishbroughtitfromPerutoEurope,whereitwassoonwidelygrown.IrelandbecamesodependentonitthatthousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedwhenthecropfailedduringthe“PotatoFamine”of1845-46,andthousandsmorewereforcedtoemigratetoAmerica.TherearemanyotherfoodsthathavetraveledfromSouthAmericatotheOldWorld.Butsomeotherswentintheoppositedirection.Brazilisnowtheworld’slargestgrowerofcoffee,andcoffeeisanimportantcropinColumbiaandotherSouthAmericancountries.ButitisnativetoEthiopia.ItwasfirstmadeintoadrinkbyArabsduringthe1400s.
AccordingtoanArabiclegend,coffeewasdiscoveredbyagoatherdnamedKaldi.Henoticedthathisgoatswereattractedtotheredberriesonacoffeebush.Hetriedoneandexperiencedthe“wide-awake”feelingthatone-thirdoftheworld’spopulationnowstartsthedaywith.
11.Accordingtothepassage,______haschangedthemostinthelast500years.
A.foodB.chocolateC.potatoD.coffee
12.“Some”in“Somestillexisttoday”(Para.1)means______.
A.somecocoatreesB.somechocolatedrinks
C.someshopsD.someSouthAmericanIndians
13.ThousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedduringthe“PotatoFamine”because______.
A.theyweresodependentonthepotatothattheyrefusedtoeatanythingelse
B.theywereforcedtoemigratetoAmerica
C.theweatherconditionsinIrelandwerenotsuitableforgrowingthepotato
D.thepotatoharvestwasbad.
14.Coffeeoriginallycamefrom______.
A.BrazilB.ColumbiaC.EthiopiaD.Arabia
15.TheArabiclegendisusedtoprovethat______.
A.coffeewasfirstdiscoveredbyKaldi
B.coffeewasfirstdiscoveredbyKaldi’sgoats
C.coffeewasfirstdiscoveredinSouthAmericancountries
D.coffeedrinkswerefirstmadebyArabs
PassageFour
Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Aroundtheworldmoreandmorepeoplearetakingpartindangeroussportsandactivities.Ofcourse,therehavealwaysbeenpeoplewhohavelookedforadventure----thosewhohaveclimbedthehighestmountains,exploredunknownpartsoftheworldorsailedinsmallboatsacrossthegreatestoceans.Now,however,therearepeoplewhoseekanimmediatethrillfromariskyactivitywhichmayonlylastafewminutesorevenseconds.
Iwouldconsiderbungeejumpingtobeagoodexampleofsuchanactivity.Youjumpfromahighplace(perhapsabridge,orahot-airballoon)200metresabovethegroundwithanelasticropetiedtoyourankles.Youfallatupto150kilometresanhourtilltheropestopsyoufromhittingtheground.Itisestimatedthat2millionpeoplearoundtheworldhavenowtriedbungeejumping.Otheractivitiesasriskyasbungeejumpinginvolvejumpingfromtallbuildingsanddivingintotheseafromthetopofhighcliffs.Whydopeopletakepartinsuchactivitiesasthese?
Somepsychologistssuggestthatitisbecauselifeinmodernsocietieshasbecomesafeandboring.Notverylongago,people’sliveswereconstantlyunderthreat.Theyhadtogooutandhuntforfood,diseasescouldnoteasilybecured,andlifewasacontinuousbattleforsurvival.
Nowadays,accordingtomanypeople,lifeofferslittleexcitement.Theyliveandworkinacomparativelysafeenvironment;
theybuyfoodinshops,andtherearedoctorsandhospitalstolookafterthemiftheybecomeill.Theanswerforsomeofthesepeopleistoseekdangerinactivitiessuchasbungeejumping.
16.Thebesttitleforthepassagewouldbe______.
A.DangerousSports:
WhatandWhy
B.TheBoredomofModernLife
C.BungeeJumping:
IsItRea