Welder Handbookpart 21Word文档格式.docx
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惰性气体保护焊/活性气体保护焊
MIG/MAGweldingisafusionweldingprocess,withoutexpenditureofexternalforces,wherebythejointareamustbepartlyfused.Therequiredheatissuppliedbywayofanelectrically-generatedarc.Thearcburnsbetweenacontinuouslysupplied,meltingwireelectrodeandtheworkpiece.Thetemperaturesaroundthearcaredependentuponmanyfactors.Temperaturesofupto4500°
Ccanoccuratthearcstartingpoint.Inthearccolumn,temperaturescanreachupto12000°
C.Thearcandtheweldpoolareshieldedbyanactiveorinertgas.Theprocesscanbeimplementedformostmetallicmaterialsandthereisawiderangeofweldingconsumablesavailable.
惰性气体保护焊/活性气体保护焊是一种熔合焊接方法,没有使用外力,接头区域必须部分熔合。
所需的热量是通过电弧产生的。
电弧连续不断的在熔化电极和工件之间提供热量。
电弧周围的温度取决于很多因素。
起弧点的温度高达4500°
C,弧柱的温度高达12000°
C。
电弧和熔池被活性或惰性气体保护着。
这种焊接方法适用于大多数金属材料并且有大量的焊接材料。
MIG/MAGweldingisconsiderablymoreproductivethanmanualmetalarcwelding.Thefrequentchangeofelectrodesisnolongernecessaryandthenetyieldisconsiderablygreaterasthereisnoresidue.Fromeverykilogramofelectrodesused,only65%goesintotheweldmetal.Forwireelectrodes,thisvalueisalreadyat85-90%.
惰性气体保护焊/活性气体保护焊生产效率大大超过手工电弧焊。
不再需要频繁的更换焊条并且不会有焊条头。
从每公斤使用的焊条只有65%进入焊缝金属,现在这个值已经达到85%-90%。
MIG/MAGweldingisanextremelyversatileprocess,allowinghighdepositionratestobeachievedinallpositions.Itisappliedinjustabouteveryareainwhichweldingtasksonnon-alloyedorlow-alloyedsteels,high-alloyedsteels,nickel-basedmaterials,aswellasaluminiumarerequired.MIG/MAGpulseweldingisregularlyappliedforhigh-alloyedsteelsandaluminium.Aswellasincreasingproductivitytoyetanotherlevel,tubularcoreisbeingusedmoreandmorefrequentlyasitalsoprovesadvantageousinmanyotherareas.
MIG/MAG是一种非常灵活的焊接方法,允许在所有位置焊接,它适用于非合金钢或低合金钢,高合金钢,镍基材料,以及铝等几乎所有材料的焊接。
就像提高生产率一样,管子的焊接也适用的越来越频繁,这也证明了它在许多其他的领域也有优势。
Assemblyofashieldinggasweldingunit气体保护焊机的组装
Maingroupsandsubgroups主要组和子组
Shieldinggassupply
保护气体供应
5.Shieldinggascylinder
气瓶
6.Pressurereducerwithgasflowmeter
带气体流量计的减压器
7.Shieldinggassolenoidvalve
保护气体电磁阀
Cableassembly电缆组件
8.Switchharness开关线束
9.Wireelectrode焊丝
10.Shieldinggasguide
保护气体导向管
11.Weldingcurrentcable
焊接电缆
Weldingcurrentsource
焊接电源
1.Mainssupply
交流电源
2.Weldingrectifier
焊接整流器
Wirefeedsystem
送丝系统
2.Wireelectrodecoil
送丝盘
3.Wirefeeddevice(drivemotoranddriverollers)
送丝装置(驱动电机和驱动辊)
Weldingtorch焊枪
12.WeldingtorchwithOn/Offswitch
焊枪开关
Workpiececonnection
工件连接
13.Weldingreturncable
焊接回路电缆(地线)
Weldingcurrentsource
Theweldingcurrentsourcemustconvertthemainscurrentintoaweldingcurrentindicatingthefollowingcharacteristics:
焊接电源必须转换电源电流为显示以下特点的焊接电流
-Asarule,theweldingcurrentisadirectcurrent;
通常焊接电流为直流电
Positivepoleonthewireelectrode,negativepoleontheworkpiece
焊丝接电源正极,工件接电源负极
-Thelevelofweldingvoltageissettocorrespondwiththerespectiveweldingtask.
焊接电压符合焊接任务
-Thelevelofweldingcurrentissetviathewirefeed.
焊接电流是通过送丝速度实现
Designs:
外观设计
-Conventionaldesign(weldingvoltagesettingviaon-loadtapchanger)
常规设计(电弧电压是通过有载抽头开关实现的)
-Electronicdesign(steplessadjustmentofparameters)
电子设计(参数的无级调速)
Principleofaweldingcurrentsource–conventionaldesign
焊接电源的工作原理—常规设计
Assemblies组装
1.Mainssupply交流电源
2.On/Offswitchformainscurrent电源开关
3.Transformerwithon-loadtapchangerforadjustmentoftheweldingvoltage:
Minimisesthemainsvoltagetoweldingvoltage.Theeffectivenumberofwindings,andthusthetransmissionratioischangedprogressivelybytappingtheprimarywindingviaaswitch.
通过有载调压变压器调整电弧电压:
把电源电压减至最低的焊接电压,绕组的有效数量和传动比是通过交换机的初级绕组逐步增多的。
4.Rectifier:
Convertsalternatingcurrent(orthree-phasecurrent)intodirectcurrent
整流器:
将交流电(或三相电流)转换成直流电。
5.Regulator:
Smoothescurrentpeaksintheweldingcurrentcircuit
稳压器:
在焊接电流回路内使电流峰值平滑。
送丝系统
Compactsystem压紧系统Universalsystem普通系统Smallcoilsystem小线圈系统Push-Pullsystem推拉系统
Wirefeedsystem送丝系统
intheweldingsystemoutsidetheweldingsysteminthetorchintheweldingsystemandinthetorch
Wirefeeddevice送丝装置
Thewirefeeddevicedrawsthewireelectrodeevenlyfromthewireelectrodecoilandpushesitintothecableassemblytotheweldingtorch.Theconveyancespeedcanbeadjustedfrom1to18m/min,thisremainsconstantduringtheweldingprocess.Imperfectionsinwireconveyancewillhaveaneffectonthearcandonthedroptransferandmayconsequentlyresultinimperfectionsintheweld.
送丝装置平坦的从焊丝盘拉出焊丝通过送丝软管推至焊枪。
传送速度可以在1米/分钟到18米/分钟范围内调节。
送丝速度在焊接过程中保持不变。
送丝过程中的不合格将会对电弧和熔滴过渡产生影响,并且可能因此导致焊缝的不合格。
Two-rollerdrive
1
4
2
5
3
1.Pressureroller压紧轮
2.Wireintakenozzle焊咀
3.Wireelectrodecoil焊丝盘
4.Wiresupplynozzle供给喷嘴
5.Wireconveyanceroller(powered)驱动轮
Four-rollerdrive四辊机
Preferableapplicationsfortubularcoresandsolidwires
管状芯和实芯焊丝的最好应用
3
1.Wiresupplynozzle供给喷嘴
2.Wireconveyanceroller(powered)驱动轮
3.Pressureroller(powered)压紧轮
4.Wireguidenozzle导向咀
5.Wireintakenozzle焊咀
2
Wireconveyanceroller驱动轮
1.WireconveyancerollerwithV-grooveforsteelwireelectrodes
带V型槽的焊丝驱动轮
2.Wireconveyancerollerwithroundgrooveforaluminiumwireelectrodes
带循环槽的铝焊丝驱动轮
Note:
Thewirefeedrollermustbeselectedinaccordancewiththerespectivediameterofthewireelectrode,otherwiseerrorswilloccurinwireconveyance.
Inspecttherollersregularlyforwearandreplaceasnecessary.
注意:
送丝辊必须按照对应的焊丝直径选择,否则将发生焊丝传送错误。
Shieldinggassupply保护气体供应
Thesupplyofshieldinggastotheweldingworkplacecanberesultedindifferentways:
-Singlecylindersupply
-Centralsupplyfromcylinderbundlesoracylinderbank
-Centralsupplyviacoldconvertersystem(deliveredinsupercooledliquidform)
焊接车间的保护气体的供应可以导致不同的方式:
-单缸供应
-气缸束或汽缸组的中央供应
-通过冷却转换系统中央供应(在过冷液态形式交付)
Workshopsupplyofshieldinggases(e.g.argon,forminggas)
车间供应保护气体(如氩气、混合气体)
Coldconvertersystemforargon
Cylinderbundlesorcylinderbankforargon
ArgonandforminggasRootprotection
Cylinderbundlesorcylinderbankforforminggas
MSGweldingtorchwithcableassembly
软管式焊枪
Theweldingtorchisthe„tool“ofthewelder.Itissubjectedtohighmechanicalandthermicstresses.Theweldermusthandlethetorchverycarefullyasmalfunctionswillcauseproblemsduringtheweldingprocess,whichcouldinturnleadtoimperfectionsintheweld
焊枪是焊工的工具,它要受高机械压力和热流压力。
焊工必须小心操作焊枪,操作故障将会在焊接过程中出现问题,这会导致焊缝的不合格。
⑦
⑥⑤
⑤
Watercooled
⑧
Gascooled
⑨
Water
1.Torchhandle焊枪手柄
2.Torchneck焊枪颈部
3.Torchswitch焊枪开关
4.Cableassembly软管
5.Gasnozzle气体喷嘴
6.Currentcontacttube导电嘴
7.Contacttubeholder(nozzleholder)
导电嘴接头
8.Insulator绝缘套管
9.Wireguidefilament(steelspiral)
送丝弹簧或送丝软管
10.Wireelectrode焊丝
11.Shieldinggassupply
气体输入
12.Weldingcurrentsupply
焊接电流输入
SectionaldrawingofanMIG/MAGweldingtorchingas-cooledandwater-cooledconfigurations.
MIG/MAG焊枪气冷和水冷构造的剖面图。
Water-cooledweldingtorchesareusedwhenworkingwithweldingcurrentsupwardsof200A.
水冷焊枪在使用时的焊接电流在200A以上。
Function功能
Theweldingcurrentinthecableassemblyischannelledtothecontacttubeholderwithitsowncopperline,andthenontothecurrentcontacttube.Theboreofthecurrentcontacttubeshouldbeapprox.0.2mmgreaterthanthediameterofthewireelectrode.Whenslidingthewireelectrodethroughthecontacttube,theweldingcurrentisfedintothewireelectrodebywayofslidingcontact.
Thecontacttubeisawearcomponentwhichrequiresreplacingwheneveritsustainsdamage.
Theshieldinggasisalsochannelledintothecableassembly.Itisthenexudedfromthegasnozzle.Thegasnozzleshapesthestreamofshieldinggasinsuchawaythattheweldpoolisprotectedagainstcontactwithair.Adheringspatterontheshieldinggasnozzleandonthecurrentcontacttubecancauseaswirlingofthecurrent,resultinginaircomingintocontactwiththeweldpoolandasaconsequence,poresformingintheweld.
焊接电流以软管为渠道输送到带有铜线的导电嘴,然后到目前的导电嘴。
导电嘴应该比焊丝直径达0.2mm.焊丝通过接触管滑动,焊接电流通过导电嘴以滑动接触的方式传送。
当导电嘴磨损后要进行更换。
保护气体也是通过软管传输。
它从喷气嘴缓慢流出。
保护气体以气嘴形状的方式流动在熔池中组织与空气接触。
气嘴和导电嘴上附着的飞溅可能会引起一个电流漩涡,导致空气接触熔池,并因此在焊缝中形成气孔。
Workingrules–Weldingtorch操作细则-焊枪
-Selectacurrentcontacttubesuitedtotherespectivediameterofthewireelectrode
选择适合焊丝直径的导电嘴
-Replaceworncurrentcontacttubes,ensuresecureseatinginthecontacttubeholder.
更换损坏的导电嘴,以确保导电嘴的牢固。
-Cleanthegasnozzle,currentcontacttubeandcontacttubeholdercarefullyof
adheringweldspatteratregularintervals.
定期清理喷气嘴、导电嘴和导电嘴接头上附着的飞溅。
-Spraythetorchoutletlightlywithareleasingagenttopreventtheadherenceof
spatter.
在焊枪口喷防粘剂以阻止焊接飞溅。
Workingrules–Cableassembly操作细则-软管
-Selectthewireguidespiral(corefilament)tosuittherespectivediam