英语名词性从句自主学习导学案文档格式.docx
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Themotherwillbuythegirladress.
5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
Thefather,John,considersthechildagenius.
【自我梳理】找出名词可以充当的成分
通过对五大句型的分析得出：
名词可以用来充当______________________同样的道理，可以把句子中的名词换成一个小句子。
请同学们分析以下句子划线部分充当的成分。
1.Whetherlifewillcontinueontheearthformillionsofyearstocomewilldependonwhetherthisproblemcanbesolved.
2.Whatitwastobecomewasamysteryuntilthedustbegantoslowlycombineintoaballmovingaroundthesun.
3.MayIaskwhatyouweredoinginmyrestaurantyesterday?
4.Iwantedtoknowwhereallmycustomershadgoneyesterday.
5.Thisishowtheearthbegantoshowitsspecialqualities.
6.That’swhywe’vegivenyoutheletter.
7.Weheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.
8.Ihavenoideahowsoontheyarecoming.
名词性从句的划分要根据从句在句中充当的成分来确定如果这个小句子充当了句子的主语，那么这个小句子叫__________。
同样的道理，充当了宾语叫__________，充当了表语叫_____________，充当了同位语叫___________。
引导名词性从句必须要有一个______。
名词性从句都采用_________语序。
II.各类名词性从句
一、主语从句
1.1）.Whatisneededforthespacetripiscarefulpreparation.
2）.Whetherwildlifecanbewellprotectedisofgreatimportance.
3）.Whowillgomakesnodifference.
4）.Whichkindoffoodisthebestisstillnotcertain.
5）.Whentheywillhaveanewrestaurantopenedhasnotbeendecidedyet.
6）Howgoldwasfoundthereisnotclear.
7）.Whythereisgravityishardtounderstand.
由以上例句可以看出，主语从句在复合句中充当主语
2.主语从句通常由连接词___________，和连接代词____________________________以及连接副词_______________等词引导。
that在句中____________，只起______作用；
连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分
3.有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语____代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句___________。
主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。
常用句型如下：
①Itis/was+adj.+that从句
②Itis/was+apity（afact,ashame,anhonor,awonder,nowonder）+that从句
③Itissaid（reported,announced,thought,believed,decided,expected等）+that
④Itissuggested（advised,ordered,requested,insisted,required等）+that从句
⑤Itseems（appear,happen,matter等）+that从句
另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“（should）+do”，常用的句型有：
Itisnecessary（important,natural,strange,etc.）that…
Itisapity（ashame,nowonder,etc.）that…
Itissuggested（requested,proposed,desired,etc.）that--
●Itworriedherabit______herhairwasturninggrey.
A.whileB.thatC.ifD.for
●Itremainsaquestion______wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.
A.howB.thatC.whenD.what
●Itisknowntous______wherethereispollution,thereisharm.
A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that
2.单个的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用句单数形式；
如果是两个或两个以上的主语作
主语，谓语动词则视情况而定。
Whenandwherehewasbornhasn’tbeenfound.
Whenhewasbornandwherehewasbornhaven’tbeenfound.
Whenandwhythepersonwasmurderedisstillunknown.
Whenthepersonwasmurderedandwhyhewasmurderedarestillunknown.
Exercises:
●.______makesthisshopdifferentisthatitoffersmorepersonalservices.
A.WhatB.WhoC.WhateverD.Whoever
●______Icanpaybackthehelpthatpeoplegivememakesmeveryhappy.
A.WhereB.WhatC.ThatD.How
●It’snotclear______wasresponsiblefortheaccident.
A.WhoB.WhatC.HowD.That
●______intheregulationsthatyoushouldnottellotherpeoplethepasswordofyoure-mail
account.
A.WhatisrequiredB.WhatrequiresC.ItisrequiredD.Itrequires
二、宾语从句
1.1）Ithink（that）womencanreachveryhighachievementsinmanyfieldsofscience.
2）Iwonderwhether/ifLinQiaozhirememberedhowmanybabiesshehaddelivered.
3）Doyouknowwho/whomJohnAdamswasspeakingto?
4）Heaskedwhosespacesuititwas.
5）Payattentiontowhatthedoctorsaid,willyou?
6）Hecan’ttellmewhenJodyWilliamswontheNobelPeacePrize.
7）Idon’tknowwhereCharlieChaplingothisstick.
8）WillyoutellmehowIcankeepfitandhealthy?
9）Doyouknowwhyhewasabsent?
宾语从句在复合句中作宾语。
2.引导宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句连接词____________，通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever,whom,whose以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。
在句中可以作_______________________的宾语。
（1）V+宾语从句，即“动宾”：
Webelievethatheishonest./Iaskediftheyhadacheapsuit./Canyoutellmewhichdictionaryishers?
/Ireallydon’tknowwhatheisdoing.
●Ijustdon’tunderstand______thatpreventssomanyAmericansfrombeingashappyasone
mightexpect.
A.whyitdoesB.whatitdoesC.whatitisD.whyitis
●---Don’tyoubelieveme?
---______,Iwillbelieve______yousay.
A.No;
whateverB.Yes;
nomatterwhatC.No;
nomatterwhatD.Yes;
whatever
●“Whatdidyourparentsthinkaboutyourdecision?
”“Theyalwaysletmedo______Ithink
Ishould.”
A.whenB.thatC.howD.what
.
（2）prep+宾语从句，即“介宾”：
He’spleasedwithwhatwedidyesterday./Payattentiontowhattheteachersaid.
●Iwishtohaveafriendwith______sharesmyhobbiesandinterests.
A.whomeverB.nomatterwhoC.whoeverD.anyone
●Marywroteanarticleon______theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.
A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that
●Itwasamatterof______wouldtaketheposition.
A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever
（3）adj+宾语从句，即“形宾”：
I’msurethatmybrotherwilllovethejacket./Iamgladthatyoucancomeandhelpme.
不能误将”It+be+adj+that”的主语从句当成宾语从句.
如：
ItisnecessarythatweshouldlearnEnglishwell.
注意：
1.
（1）whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。
但下面情况不能互换。
①宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。
Iwonderifitdoesn’train.
②用if会引起误解，就要用whether。
Pleaseletmeknowwhetheryouwanttogo.（如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解）
③宾语从句中的whether与ornot直接连用，就不能换成if；
不直接连用，可换成if。
Idon’tknowwhetherornotthereportistrue.
Idon’tknowwhetherthereportistrueornot.
④介词后的宾语从句要用whether引导。
whether可与不定式连用，构成whethertodo结构。
whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。
但引导条件从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。
Theydon’tknowwhethertogothere.
Pleasecometoseemeifyouhavetime.
●Iaskedher__________shehadabike.
●__________wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.
●We’reworriedabout__________heissafe.
●Idon’tknow__________heiswellornot.
●Idon’tknow___________ornotheiswell.
●Thequestionis__________heshoulddoit.
●Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion__________theoldmanwillrecoversoon.
2..由连接词that引导的宾语从句
1）HehastoldmethathewillgotoShanghaitomorrow.
2）Wemustneverthink（that）wearegoodineverythingwhileothersaregoodinnothing.
由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中______________
※在口语或非正式的文体中常被______，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that__________。
例如：
Weallknow（that）heisamiddle-schoolstudentandthathestudieshard.
如果宾语从句后还有宾语补足语，就用it作___________，将宾语从句后置，并且that____________________
Hehasmadeitclear___________hewillwinthegame.
Ifinditnecessary____________weshouldlearnEnglishwell.
Wefinditnecessary___________wepracticespokenEnglisheveryday.
3..宾语从句中的虚拟语气
1）Iinsistthatshe（should）doherworkalone.
2）Thecommanderorderedthattroops（should）setoffatonce.
※在demand、order、suggest、insist,desire,request,command,recommend等表示______________________等意义的动词后,宾语从句____________________
4.动词find,feel,think,consider,make等后接复合宾语时，要用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语从句后置。
Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofboiledwatereveryday.
有些动词带宾语从句时习惯上需要在宾语从句前加________，这类动词有________________________________________
Ihateitwhentheytalkwiththeirmouthfulloffood.
5.特殊句型：
特殊疑问词+doyouthink/believe/suppose/imagine/expect+陈述语序
Whendoyouthinkshewillsucceed?
Doyouknow/ask/tell+特殊疑问词+陈述语序？
Doyouknowwherethepolicefoundthelostboy?
6.否定转移现象.
1）Wedon’tthinkyouarehere.我们认为你不在这。
2）Idon’tbelievehewilldoso.我相信他不会这样做。
※think,believe,imagine,suppose等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为_________。
即将从句中的否定形式转移到主句中。
必须注意：
该种情况下，主语为____________。
（5）宾语从句的时态呼应：
a.如果主句时态是一般现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态.
他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的.Hebelieves_________________________.
b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么.Pleasetellme_________________________.
b.如果主句谓语是一般过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但如果从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时，从句谓语通常用一般现在时。
他告诉我他正在为考试做准备.Hetoldme_______________________________.
他说他已离开家乡十年了。
Hetoldme_________________________________.
老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的.Theteachertoldus_________________________.
●Doyousee______Imean?
A.thatB./C.howD.what
●Tellme______isonyourmind.
A.thatB.whatC.whichD.why
●Wemuststickto______wehaveagreedon.
A.whatB.thatC./D.how
●Letmesee______.
A.thatcanIrepairtheradioB.whetherIcanrepairtheradio
C.IcanrepairtheradioD.whethercanIrepairtheradio
●Keepinmind______.
A.thattheteachersaidB.whatdidtheteachersay
C.thatdidtheteachersayD.whattheteachersaid
3.表语从句：
在复合句中作主句的表语。
引导词有连词that,whether,asif,asthough;
who,what,which,whose;
when,where,how,why,because等。
如:
●Theproblemis_________wedidn’tgetintouchwithhim.
●Thisis_________Henrysolvedtheproblem.
●Hissuggestionis_________we（should）finishtheworkatonce.
●Itlooked_________itwasgoingtorain.
●Thereason_________wedidn'
ttrusthimis_________hehasoftenlied．
1.如果句子的主语是suggestion,advice,order,demand,proposal等名词时,后面引导的表语从句用should+动词原形,should可省略。
他的建议是我们应该马上完成工作.Hissuggestionisthatwe（should）finishtheworkatonce.
2.Thereasonisthat……的理由是，…的原因是…
Thereason__________hewaslateagainwas__________hewascaughtinthetrafficjam.
Thereason______Ihavetogois______mymotherisillinbed.
A.why;
whyB.why;
becauseC.why;
thatD.that;
because
※当主语是reason
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