宁波大学研究生第一学期英语期末考试答案Word文档下载推荐.docx
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Firstly,anincreasinglyshortsupplyofoilintheworldisthefundamentalcause.AccordingtostatisticsfromtheBritishfirmBP,theworldhasbeendemandingmoreoilthancanbeproducedsince1981;
andthecaseisstillthesametoday.Currently,oilproductioninmostcountrieshasalreadyorwillsoongodown-leavinglessofasurplustouse-butatthesametime,demandkeepsincreasing.ThesupplyremainstightandpriceskeepsoaringdespiteOPEC'
sdecisiontoincreasecrudeoilproductionby500,000barrelsperdayasofNov.1.Withlittlepriceelasticityfrombothdemandandsupply,anytrivialeventwillsendpricesskyrocketing.
Secondly,short-termspeculationsonoilfuturesbylargeamountsoffundingalsodrivepricesup.ACitireportinMay2006mentionedthatU.S.commoditymarketsholdanaveragespeculationvolumeofover120billionUSdollarseachmonth,chieflycomingfromnaturalgas(30.3billiondollars)andcrudeoil(30.1billiondollars).Thenumerousspeculationdealshaveamassiveimpactonoilfuturespricesconsideringtheleverageeffectoffuturesmargindeals.Withexcessiveliquidityworldwide,fundsbehindoilfuturesspeculationswillremainthesame.
Thirdly,theU.S.government'
spursuitofaweakdollarpolicyinrecentyearshasalsocontributed,toacertaindegree,tothehikeinoilprices.AlmostalloildealsworldwidearepricedinUSdollars;
andthedollar'
sdevaluationputsonthepressureforhigheroilprices.Tomaintainanincomeandpurchasingpower,raisingpriceshasbecomeamajorstrategyofOPECmembers.Accordingtostudies,whenthedollardevaluesby1percent,itcausesanoilpricehikeofthesamedegree.Inaddition,technical,meteorologicalandpoliticalelementsalsoaffectprices.
Itshouldbenotedthatalthoughnominaloilpriceshitonepeakafteranother,actualpricesstillremainedbelowhistoricalrecords;
andhavearelativelylimitedimpactontheworldeconomy.Itappearsthatthepresentworldeconomicaggregateismuchbiggerthanthatduringtheoilcrisisinthe1970s;
butnowcountriesaremuchstrongerintheirabilitytomacro-regulate.Developedcountries,inparticular,useenergieslesscrazily.Therefore,highoilpricesnowhaveamuchsmallerimpactontheworldeconomythaninthepast.
注:
红色字体为2008/2009学年第1学期期末试卷的blank;
绿色字体为2009/2010学年的blank;
蓝色字体为重复blank。
原文链接:
2008/2009
Part
SectionB
TheeasiestamongtherichIslamicsocietiestostudyisSaudiArabia.OnesinglestatisticismosttellingindetailingthefailureofSaudisocietytogrow-despitebeingthelargestproducerofcrudeoilintheworld,SaudiArabiaactuallyimportsmostofitsfuel,egdieselandrefinedproductssuchaslubricants.
Thefailureofindustryisinessenceafailureofcapitalism.Inmostcountrieswherewealthisconcentratedinthehandsofafew-suchasthe"
robberbarons"
periodofUShistoryintheearly20thcenturyortoday'
sRussia-afunctioningfinancialsystemhelpedtointermediaterisks.
ThisisnotpossibleinstrictIslamicsocietiesasthereligionbansusury,thusdisallowingtheflowofcapitaltothepeopleneedingitthemost,ie,youngentrepreneurs.Facedwithuneconomicreturnsathome,mostMiddleEasternrulersdeposittheirmoneyathigherrateswithEuropeanbanks.
AsecondfailureinSaudisocietyistheabsenceofappropriateeducationforrestlessyouth.Religiouseducation,ratherthangroundinginmodernsciences,remainsthenorm.Thuswhiletheproductionofmuezzinsisguaranteed,hiringapetroleumengineercanbetricky.Inturn,thiscausesanexcessiverelianceon"
infidel"
immigrants,whichinturncreatesamulti-tiersociety,focusingmuchoftheangeroflocalsonthewrongtargets-thepeoplewhotaketheirjobs,ratherthantheonesingovernmentandreligiousschoolswhoactuallycausedthesituationtoemerge.
Religiouseducationalsoproducesfamouslyinsularpeople.AUSmagazine'
spollofArabyouthfoundthatveryfewhadheardoftheApollomoonlandings,andindeedallofthemdismissedsuchfeatsasUSpropaganda.Thenotionthathumanbeingscouldlandonthemoonwouldappearfar-fetchedtoanyonewhoholdsthesatelliteasacelestialobjectratherthananastronomicaloddity.
TheruleofironywithwhichIstartedthisarticleholdstruehere-intheDarkAgesforEurope,itwasIslamicsocietiesthatledtheworldintheadoptionandspreadofscienceandtechnology.Whiletheycannotclaimtohaveinventedmuch,ascreditgoestotheChineseandIndiancivilizations,theycertainlyusedinventionstotheiradvantagewellbeforetheEuropeanscaughton.
原文链接
Part
:
ReadingComprehension
PassageOne
MostpeoplethinkoflionsasstrictlyAfricanbeasts,butonlybecausethey’vebeenkilledoffalmosteverywhereelse.Tenthousandyearsagolionsspannedvastsectionsoftheglobe.Nowlionsholdonlyasmallfractionoftheirformerhabitat,andAsiaticlions,asubspeciesthatspitfromAfricanlionsperhaps100000yearsago,hangontoanalmostimpossiblysmallsliceoftheirformerterritory.
Indiaistheproudstewardofthese300orsolions,whichliveprimarilyina560-square-milesanctuary(保护区).IttookmeayearandahalftogetapermittoexploretheentireGirForest—andnotimeatalltoseewhytheselionsbecamesymbolsofroyaltyandgreatness.Atigerwillhideintheforestunseen,butalionstandsitsground,curiousandunafraid—lionhearted.ThoughtheytoldmeinsubtlewayswhenIgottooclose,Gir’slionsallowedmeuniqueglimpsesintotheirlivesduringmythreemonthsintheforest.It’soddtothinkthattheyarethreatenedbyextinction;
Girhasasmanylionsasitcanhold—toomany,infact.Withterritoryinshortsupply,lionsmoveaboutneartheboundaryoftheforestandevenleaveitaltogether,oftenclashingwithpeople.That’sonereasonIndiaiscreatingasecondsanctuary.Thereareotherpressingreasons:
outbreaksofdiseaseornaturaldisasters.In1994aseriousdiseasekilledmorethanathirdofAfrica’sSerengetilions—athousandanimals—afatethatcouldeasilyhappentoGir’scats.Theselionsareespeciallyvulnerabletodiseasebecausetheydescendfromasfewasadozenindividuals.“IfyoudoaDNAtest,Asiaticlionsactuallylooklikeidenticaltwins.”saysStephenO’Brien,ageneticist(基因学家)whohasstudiedthem.Yetthedangersarehidden,andyouwouldn’tsuspectthembywatchingtheselordsoftheforest.Thelionsdisplayvitality,andnosmallmeasureofcharm.
Thoughthegentleintimacyofplayvanisheswhenit’stimetoeat,mealsinGirarenotnecessarilyfranticaffairs.Foramotherandherbabylionsharingadeer,orayoungmaleeatinganantelope(羚羊),there’snoneedtofightforacutofthekill.TheanimalstheyhuntforfoodaregenerallysmallerinGirthanthoseinAfrica,andhuntinggroupstendtobesmalleraswell.
1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthortellsusthatAsiaticlions.
A.havekilledoffotherlions
B.havedescendedfromAfricanlions
C.usedtospanvastsectionsoftheglobe
D.havelosttheirhabitat
2.WhatimpressedtheauthormostwhenhewenttowatchthelionsintheGirForest?
A.Theirfriendliness.B.Theirsize.
C.Theirintimacy.D.Theirvitality.
3.Whatdoesthesentence“...mealsinGirarenotnecessarilyfranticaffair”mean?
A.Thelionsdonotshowintimacyamongthemanymore.
B.Thelionsmaynotdeedtofightforfood.
C.Foodisnotreadilyavailableinthatregion.
D.Mealscanbeobtainedonlywithgreateffort.
4.ThelionsintheGirForestareespeciallyvulnerabletodiseasebecause.
A.theyhavedescendedfromadozenorsoancestors
B.theyaresmallerthantheAfricanlions
C.theydonothaveenoughtoeat
D.theyarephysicallyweakerthantheAfricanlions
5.OneofthereasonswhyIndiaiscreatingasecondarysanctuaryfortheAsiaticlionsisthat
A.thepresentsanctuaryisnotlargeenough
B.scientistswanttodomoreresearchonthem
C.theyhavekilledmanypeople
D.theforestisshrinkinginsize
大多数人认为狮子绝对是非洲猛兽,但这仅仅因为其他地方的狮子几乎都被杀光了。
一万年以前,狮子广泛分布于全世界每一个地方。
现在,狮子占据着和以前它们居住的地盘相比很小的一部分,亚洲狮是十万年以前从非洲狮中分离出来的一个品种,坚守在一块不可能再小的土地上。
印度以成为大约300只这样的狮子的管理地为荣,这些狮子主要生活在一块约560平方英里的保护区里。
我花了一年半的时间得到去探索整个格森林的许可,根本没有时间去研究为什么这些狮子成为高贵和伟大的象征。
老虎可能会隐藏在森林深处让人看不到,但狮子坚守着它的领地,好奇、无惧、威武勇猛。
尽管当我太亲近它们的时候,它们就会以一种微妙的方式告诉我,但是,在我待在森林的三个月里,它们允许我瞥了一眼它们的生活。
认为它们正处于种族灭绝的危险中的想法是奇怪的;
格森林有多少狮子,它就能容纳多少狮子——事实上,有太多的狮子。
由于生存领地紧缺,狮子便经常出没在森林边缘地区,甚至集体离开森林,经常与人类发生冲突。
这就是为什么印度打算创建第二个保护区。
还有一些其他紧迫的原因:
疾病的爆发以及自然灾害。
1994年,一场疾病导致了超过1/3的非洲赛温葛蒂狮子的死亡——1000只,这种命运极可能发生在格森林的猫科动物身上。
这些狮子尤其容易患病,因为它们是少有的十来只狮子遗传下来的个体。
“如果给狮子做个DNA测试,你就会发现,亚洲狮看起来就像双胞胎”。
史蒂芬奥布瑞恩说,他是一名研究狮子的基因学家。
不过,危险是隐藏的,你不可能通过观察它们在森林中的统治地位而猜测它们。
狮子展示了活力,也展示了非常的魅力。
尽管玩耍中所表现出的温顺的亲近行为在进食时消失了,但是,格森林中的进食肯定不是疯狂的行为。
对于一只母狮子和她的孩子分享一只鹿,或是与一只年轻的雄狮分享一只羚羊,它们没有必要为了分食猎物而争斗。
格森林中狮子当做食物而捕食的动物一般比非洲狮子捕食的动物小,狩猎的群体也更小。
1.【正确答案】B
【考点类型】细节判断
【解析过程】在文章第1段,作者告诉我们亚洲狮子。
A.已经杀死了其他的狮子B.来自于非洲狮子
C.过去横跨了大半个地球D.已经丢掉了他们的栖息地
线索:
文章的第1段提到“asubspeciesthatspitfromAfricanlionsperhaps100000yearsago”,表明选项B是正确答案。
选项C和原文的内容“Tenthousandyearsagolionsspannedvastsectionsoftheglobe”不符合,原文说的是狮子不是亚洲狮子。
选项D和原文第1段的内容不符合“Nowlionsholdonlyasmallfraction