高考英语一轮复习Unit1Greatscientists素材新人教版必修5Word格式.docx
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中国中医研究院/所ChinaAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicine;
疟疾malaria
佳作欣赏
TuYouyou,afamousfemalepharmacologistandscientist,wasborninNingbo,ZhejiangProvinceonDecember30th,1930.①In1951,shewasadmittedintoBeijingUniversity,majoringinmakingmedicineandgraduatedingraduationshewastrainedintraditionalChinesemedicinefortwoyearsandahalf②andshehasbeenworkinginChinaAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicinein1972,shesucceededindiscoveringanddevelopingartemisininoutofaChineseherbtocurethosepatientsofmalariaindifferentplacesoftheworld,sothatshewonmanybigawards.③Toourexcitementanddelight,shewasawardedtheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicineonOctober5th,2015,becomingthefirstChinesewomanwhowontheNobelPrize④.Wearecalledontolearnfromheranddevoteourselvestoscientificresearch.
思维发散
1.将第①句改为含有定语从句的复合句
TuYouyou,whoisafamousfemalepharmacologistandscientist,wasborninNingbo,ZhejiangProvinceonDecember30th,1930.
2.将第②句改为含有时间状语从句的复合句
Aftershegraduated,shewastrainedintraditionalChinesemedicinefortwoyearsandahalf.
3.将第③句中的sothat从句改为“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
In1972,shesucceededindiscoveringanddevelopingartemisininoutofaChineseherbtocurethosepatientsofmalariaindifferentplacesoftheworld,forwhichshewonmanybigawards.
4.将第④句中的定语从句改为短语作定语
becomingthefirstChinesewomantowintheNobelPrize
Ⅰ.重点单词
A.写作单词
1.handle(n.)柄;
把手;
(vt.)处理;
操纵
2.blame(vt.)责备;
谴责;
(n.)过失;
责备
3.defeat(vt.)打败;
战胜;
使受挫;
(n.)失败
4.cure(vt.)治愈;
痊愈;
(n.)治愈;
治疗;
疗法
5.attend(vt.)照顾;
护理;
出席;
参加
6.conclude(vt.&
vi.)结束;
推断出
conclusion(n.)结论;
结束
7.expose(vt.)暴露;
揭露;
使曝光
exposed(adj.)无遮蔽的;
无保护的
8.absorb(vt.)吸收;
吸引;
使专心
absorbed(adj.)专心致志的
9.challenge(n.)挑战;
(vt.)向……挑战
challenging(adj.)挑战性的
10.pollute(vt.)污染;
弄脏
polluted(adj.)被污染的
pollution(n.)污染
11.announce(vt.)宣布;
通告
announcement(n.)宣布;
12.instruct(vt.)命令;
指示;
教导
instruction(n.)命令;
指示
13.suspect(vt.)认为;
怀疑;
(n.)被怀疑者;
嫌疑犯
suspicious(adj.)怀疑的;
可疑的
14.contribute(vt.&
vi.)捐献;
贡献;
捐助
contribution(n.)贡献;
15.reject(vt.)拒绝;
不接受;
抛弃
rejection(n.)拒绝
B.阅读单词
16.expert(n.)专家;
行家;
(adj.)熟练的;
经验或知识丰富的
17.universe(n.)宇宙;
世界
18.chart(n.)图表
19.backward(adv.&
adj.)向后地(的);
相反地(的);
退步地(的)
20.spin(vi.&
vt.)(使)旋转;
纺(线或纱)
21.characteristic(n.)特征;
特性
22.neighborhood(n.)附近;
邻近
23.foresee(vt.)预见;
预知
24.link(vt.&
n.)连接;
联系
25.severe(adj.)严重的;
剧烈的;
严厉的
26.firework(n.)烟火(燃放)
27.positive(adj.)积极的;
肯定的;
确实的
28.construct(vt.)建设;
修建
construction(n.)建设;
建筑物
29.scientific(adj.)科学的
scientist(n.)科学家
30.physician(n.)医生;
内科医师
physical(adj.)身体的;
肉体的
31.enquiry(n.)询问
enquire(vt.)询问
32.analyse(vt.)分析
analysis(n.)分析
33.certainty(n.)确信;
确实
certain(adj.)某一,必然的
certainly(adv.)无疑地,确定地
34.responsible(adj.)有责任的;
负责的
responsibility(n.)责任
35.movement(n.)移动;
运动;
动作
move(v.)移动,搬动
36.enthusiastic(adj.)热情的;
热心的
enthusiasm(n.)热情,热心
37.cautious(adj.)小心的;
谨慎的
cautiously(adv.)小心地
caution(n.)谨慎
Ⅱ.重点短语
1.putforward提出
2.drawaconclusion得出结论
3.expose...to使显露;
暴露
4.betoblamefor该为……受责备;
应为……承担责任
5.link...to...将……和……联系或连接起来
6.apartfrom除……之外;
此外
7.(be)strictwith...对……严格的
8.makesense讲得通;
有意义
Ⅲ.经典句式
1.Neitheritscausenoritscurewasunderstood.
人们不知它的病源,也不了解它的治疗方法。
2.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreak.
每次暴发(霍乱)时,都有大批惊恐的百姓病死。
3.Topreventthisfromhappeningagain,JohnSnowsuggestedthatthesourceofallthewatersuppliesbeexamined.
为防止这种情况再度发生,约翰·
斯诺建议所有水源都要经过检测。
4.Onlyifyouputthesuntheredidthemovementsoftheotherplanetsintheskymakesense.
只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上,天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
5.Heplacedafixedsunatthecenterofthesolarsystemwiththeplanetsgoingrounditandonlythemoonstillgoingroundtheearth.
他把固定着的太阳放在太阳系的中心位置上,行星都围绕着太阳转,只有月球仍然绕着地球转。
Ⅳ.课文语法填空
JohnSnow,awellknowndoctorinLondon,became(inspire)whenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeoplewhoexposed(expose)tocholera,a(dead)diseaseofhisthousandsofpeoplediedeverytimetherewasanoutbreaknooneknewthecauseofwantedtohelpsolveproblem.
Hegotinterestedintwotheories(explain)howcholerakilledbelievedinthesecondtheorythatsuggestedthatpeople(absorb)thediseasewiththeir1854,anotheroutbreakhitLondon,hewasreadytotestthetwothehelpofthemaphemade,hegotavaluableclueaboutthecauseofthediseaseandwasabletoannouncethatthewaterwasblame(blame).
Thewatercompanieswereinstructednottoexposepeopletopollutedwaterany“KingCholera”defeated(defeat).
1.concludev.断定,推断出;
得出结论;
使结束,终止end
(1)conclude...就某事与某人达成协议;
以……结束
conclude...从……推断出……
(2)arriveat/reach/cometo/drawaconclusion得出结论
inconclusion总之;
最后
(1)Sowhatcanweconcludefromthisdebate?
那么从这场辩论中我们能得出什么结论?
(2)Whatconclusionsdoyoudrawfromtheevidenceyou’veheard?
从你听到的证据中你得出什么结论?
多维训练
(1)单句语法填空
①Heconcludedhisspeechwithafamoussaying.
②WhatcanweconcludefromStafford’sresearch?
③Inconclusion,IwouldliketosayhowmuchIhaveenjoyedmyselftoday.
(2)一句多译
从以上讨论可以得出两个结论。
①Twoconclusionscanbedrawnfromtheabovediscussion.
②Therearetwoconclusionstobedrawnfromtheabovediscussion.
2.exposevt.暴露;
[应试指导] 非谓语动词句法功能的考查
expose...to使显露;
exposesth./sb./oneselfto...使某物/某人/自己暴露于……
beexposedto暴露于;
接触到
(1)Theseunitsexposedchildrentomanyviewpointsofagivenissue.
这些单元让孩子们接触到有关某一特定问题的多种观点。
(2)Theyhavenotbeenexposedtomostdiseasescommontourbanpopulations.
城市人口中多数常见的疾病他们都没有接触到。
(1)同义词语替换
Thenewspaperexposedhissecrettotheout/gaveaway
(2)同义句改写
①Beingexposedtothesunlightfortoolongwillbeharmfultoyourskin.
Exposingyourselftothesunlightfortoolongwillbeharmfultoyourskin.(用v.ing的主动形式作主语改写)
②Hewasexposedtotherainandwindlastnightandhewasill.(用过去分词短语作原因状语改写)
Exposedtotherainandwindlastnight,hewasill.
3.absorbv.吸收液体、气体等takein;
吸引全部注意力attract;
使全神贯注interestmuch;
使并入,吞并
absorbone’sattention吸引某人的注意
absorb...from...从……中吸收……
beabsorbedin全神贯注于
beabsorbedby/into被……吞并吸引
(1)Internationalaffairsabsorbhisattention.
他专心研究国际问题。
(2)Plantsabsorbcarbondioxidefromtheairandmoisturefromthesoil.
植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳并从土壤中汲取水分。
(3)Shewasabsorbedinthebook.
她专心于这本书。
[特别提醒]
表示“使全神贯注”的常见短语还有:
belostin,beburiedin,fix/focusone’sattentionon,devote...to,concentrateone’smindon,applyoneselfto,beaddictedto等。
①Whendeeplyabsorbed(absorb)inwork,whichheoftenwas,hewouldforgetallabouteatingorsleeping.
②Mostlittleshopshavebeenabsorbedinto/bybigbusinesses.
③Afterabsorbing(absorb)enoughwater,theplantsgrowwell.
HewassoabsorbedinTVthatheforgottosleep.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
AbsorbedinTV,heforgottosleep.
4.blamev.把……归咎于,责怪,指责sayorthinkresponsiblefor;
n.过失;
责任responsibility;
责备,指责
[应试指导] betoblame主动形式表被动意义的用法
1blame...因……而指责某人;
把……归咎于某人
blamesb.把某事归咎于某人
betoblameforsth.应承担责任;
该受责备主动形式表被动意义
2accept/bear/taketheblamefor...对……负责;
为……承担责任
put/laytheblameforsb.把某事的责任推到某人身上
(1)Everybodyknowsthatheistoblameforthis.
人人皆知他应该为此受到责备。
(2)Iamreadytotaketheblameforthemistake.
我准备为这一错误承担责任。
(3)Thepresidentputtheblamecompletelyonhisopponent.
总统把责任完全推给了他的对手。
[词义辨析] blame,charge,accuse
(1)blame责备,谴责;
归咎于,归罪于(on)。
常用于blamesth.因某事指责某人;
blamesb.把某事归咎于某人。
(2)charge控告;
谴责。
常用于charge(doing)sth.指控某人(做了)某事。
(3)accuse控告,指控;
指责,谴责。
常用于accuse(doing)sth.指控某人(做了)某事。
(1)用blame,charge,accuse的正确形式填空
①Itisobviousthatyouaretoblamefortheaccident.
②Shewassaidtohavebeenchargedwithdrunkdriving.
③Iwastoldthathewasaccusedofmurder.
(2)一句多译
他把考试失败归咎于老师。
①Heblamedthefailureofhisexamontheteacher.(blame...on)
②Heblamedtheteacherforthefailureofhisexam.(blame...for)
③Heput/laidtheblameforthefailureofhisexamontheteacher.(blamen.)
5.contributevt.&
vi.捐献;
捐助givemoneyorgoodsto...;
是……的原因之一beoneofthecausesofsth.;
投稿write...for...
[多词一义] contributeto,resultin,beresponsiblefor,bringabout,leadto,cause
1contribute...to...把……贡献给……
contributeto有助于;
导致;
把时间投入到……
2makeacontribution/contributionsto对……作出贡献;
捐款
(1)Hecontributedalotofgoodideastothediscussion.
他在这次讨论中提出很多好的想法。
(2)Wouldyouliketomakeacontributiontothehospitalbuildingfund?
你愿意为医院建设基金捐款吗?
[图解助记]
(1)同义句改写
Variousfactorscontributedtohisdownfall.
Variousfactorsresultedin/ledto/wereresponsiblefor/caused/broughtabouthisdownfall.
(2)Inadiscussiongroup,it’sveryimportantthateveryone(should)contribute(每个人都应贡献)whateverisintheirminds.
6.apart/asidefrom除……之外;
此外根据上下文的不同,可以分别相当于besides,except或exceptfor
表示“除……之外”的短语还有:
besides=inadditionto除……之外还,也,常与also,more,other等连用。
except除……外都……,常与all,every,no,none,nothing等含有整体、肯定或否定意义的词连用。
exceptfor除……以外,其后所跟的词往往与前面的不是同一类的,是指整体中除去的一个细节或某一方面。
(1)Apartfromthecost,thedressdoesn’tsuitme.
姑且不论价格,这件衣服也不适合我。
(2)Nooneapartfromherhusbandknewaboutherjob.除了她丈夫没有人知道她的工作是什么。
用besides,except,exceptfor,apartfrom填空
(1)Allthestudentstookpartinthesportsmeetingexcept/apartfromTom.
(2)Weneedthreemorechairsbesides/apartfromthesetwo.
(3)Apartfrom/Excep