雅思口语饮食词汇提高篇传统美食菜系 Traditional Cate CuisineWord文件下载.docx

雅思口语饮食词汇提高篇传统美食菜系 Traditional Cate CuisineWord文件下载.docx

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中国药膳原远流长。

古代关于神农尝百草的传说，反映了早在远古时代中华民族就在开始探索食物和药物的功用，故有医食同源之说。

公元前一千多年的周朝，宫廷医生

分为四科，其中的食医，即通过调配膳食为帝王的养生、保健服务。

约成书于战国时期的中医经典著作《黄帝内经》，载药膳方数则。

约成书于秦汉时期、我国现存最早的药学专著《神农本草经》，记载了许多既是药物又是食物的品种，如大枣、芝麻、山药、葡萄、核桃、百合、生姜、薏以仁等。

东汉医圣张仲景在《伤寒杂病论》中，亦载有一些药膳名方，如当归生姜羊肉汤、百合鸡子黄汤、猪肤汤等，至今仍有实用价值。

唐代名医孙思邈的《备急千金要方》和《千金翼方》专列有食治、养老食疗等门，药膳方药十分丰富。

据史书记载，至隋唐时期，我国已有食疗专著约六十余种，惜多散佚。

唐代孟诜所著《食疗本草》是我国现存最早的食疗专著，对后世影响较大。

至宋代，王怀隐等编辑的《太平圣惠方》论述了许多疾病的药膳疗法；

陈直的《养老寿亲书》是我国现存的早期老年医学专著，在其所载的方剂中，药膳方约占70%。

该书强调：

凡老人之患，宜先以食治，食治未愈，然后命药。

元代御医忽思慧所著的药膳专书《饮膳正要》，药膳方和食疗药十分丰富，并有任娠食忌、乳母食忌、饮酒避忌等内容。

至明代，李时珍在《本草纲目》中收载了许多药膳方，仅药粥、药酒就各有数十则；

明代高濂的养生学专著《遵生八笺》，也载有不少养生保健药膳。

清代的药膳专著各有特色，如王士雄的《随息居饮食谱》介绍了药用食物七门三百余种，章穆的《调疾饮食辩》所涉及的药用食物更多，袁枚的《随园食单》介绍了多种药膳的烹调原理和方法，曹庭栋的《老老恒言》（又名《养生随笔》）中则列出老年保健药粥百种。

药膳的品种在传统工艺的基础上正在不为增加，如药膳罐头、药膳糖果等。

结合现代科研成果制成的具有治疗作用的食品、饮料，品种繁多，各具特色。

既有适合糖尿病、肥胖者和心血管疾病患者服食的药膳食品，也有适合运动员、演员和矿工等服食的保健饮料，还有促进儿童健康发育或用于老人延年益寿的保健食品或药膳。

中国药膳开始走向世界，不少药膳罐头和中药保健饮料、药酒等已销往国际市场。

有的国家已经开设药膳餐厅。

国际上一些学术界和工商界人士十分关注中国药膳这一特殊食品，希望能开展这方面的学术交流与技术合作。

中国药膳将为世界人民的健康做出贡献。

特点

中国药膳具有以下特点：

1.注重整体，辩证施食

所谓注重整体、辩证施食，即在运用药膳时，首先要全面分析患者的体质、健康状况、患病性质、季节时令、地理环境等多方面情况，判断其基本证型；

然后再确定相应的食疗原则，给予适当的药膳治疗。

如慢性胃炎患者，若证属胃寒者，宜服良附粥；

证属胃阴虚者，则服玉石梅楂饮等。

2.防治兼宜，效果显著

药膳既可治病，又可强身防病，这是有别于药物治疗的特点之一。

药膳尽这多是平和之品，但其防冶疾病和健身养生的效果却是比较显著的。

如山东中医学院根据古代食疗和清宫保健经验研制而成的八珍食品，含有山药、莲子、山楂等8种食用中药，幼儿食用30天后食欲增加者占97%，生长发育也有改善；

再如，莱阳梨香菇补精，是由莱阳梨汁和香菇、银耳提取物制成，中老年慢性闩病患者服后不仅能显著改善各种症状，而且可使高脂血症者血脂下降，并可使免疫功能得到改善。

3.良药可口，服食方便

由于中药汤剂多有苦味，故民间有良药苦口之说。

有些人，特别是儿童多畏其苦而拒绝服药。

而药膳使用的多为药、食两用之品，且有食品的色、香、味等特性；

即使加入了部分药材，由于注意了药物性味的选择，并通过与食物的调配及精细的烹调，仍可制成美味可口的药膳，故谓良药可口，服食方便。

generalintroduction

chinesemedicateddietisnotasimplecombinationoffoodandchinesedrugs,butaspecialhighlyfinisheddietmadefromchinesedrugs,foodandcondimentsunderthetheoreticalguidanceofdietpreparationbasedondifferentiationofsymptomsandsignsoftraditionalchinesemedicine

（tcm）.

ithasnotonlytheefficiencyofmedicinebutalsothedelicacyoffood,andcanbeusedtopreventandcurediseases,buildupone'

shealthandprolongone'

slife.

originanddevelopment

chinesemedicateddiethasalonghistory.theancientlegendshennongtastesahundredgrassesshowsthatearlyinremoteantiquitythechinesenationbegantoexplorethefunctionoffoodandmedicaments,hencethesayingtraditionalchinesemedicineanddietbothoriginatefromthepracticeandexperienceindailylife.

inthezhoudynasty,onethousandormoreyearsb.c.,royaldoctorsweredividedintofourkinds.oneofthemwasdieteticdoctorswhowereinchargeoftheemperor'

shealthcareandhealthpreservation,preparingdietsforhim.

intheyellowemperor'

sinternalclassic,amedicalclassicintcmwhichappearedapproximatelyinthewarringstatesperiod,severalmedicateddietprescriptionswererecorded.inshennong'

sherbalclassic,whichwaspublishedapproximatelyinabouttheqinandhanperiodsandistheextantearliestmonographonmateriamedica,manysortsofmedicamentswhicharebothdrugsandfoodwererecorded,suchaschinese-date（fructusziziphijujubae）,sesameseed（semensesami）,chineseyam（rhizomadioscoreae）,grape（vitis）,walnutkernel（semenfuglandis）,lilybulb（bulbuslilii）,freshginger（rhizomazingiberisrecens）,job'

s-tearsseed（semencoicis）,etc.inthebooktreatiseonfebrileandmiscellaneousdiseaseswrittenbyzhangzhongjing,anotedmedicalman,intheeasthandynasty,somenotedmedicateddietrecipeswererecorded,suchassoupofchineseangelicaroot,freshgingerandmutton（dangguishengjiangyangroutang）,decoctionofpig-skin（zhufutang）,etc.,allofwhichnowstillhaveimportantvalues.sunsimiao,awell-knowndoctorinthetangdynasty,listedanddiscussedsuchquestionsasdietetictreatment,dietetictreatmentforsenilehealthcareandhealthpreservation,etc.inhisbooksprescriptionsworthathousandgoldforemergenciesandasupplementtoessentialprescriptionsworthathousandgoldforemergencies.thesetwobooksweresubstantialinmedicateddietprescriptions.

accordingtohistorybooks,uptotheperiodofthesuiandtangdynastiesaboutmorethansixtykindsofbooksondietetictreatmenthadbeenpublished.butunfortunatelymostofthemarelost.thebookdietotherapyofmateriamedicabymengxianinthetangdynastyhasagreatinfluenceonlatergenerations.itistheextantandearliestmonographondietetictreatment.

inthesongdynasty,wanghuaiyinandsomeotherswrotepeacefulholybenevolentprescriptions,inwhichtheydiscussedmedicateddiettreatmentformanydiseases.abookonhowtohelptheoldtopreservehealthandyourkithandkintoprolongtheirlivesbychenzhiisanextantearlymonographongerontologyinchina.ofalltheprescriptionsrecordedinit,70%areaboutmedicateddiet.itisemphasizedinthisbookthatdietetictherapyshouldgofirstforanysenilediseases,andthenfollowedbymedicineiftheyarenotcured.inthebookprinciplesofcorrectdiet,amonographonmedicateddiet,byhusihui,aroyaldoctorintheyuandynasty,oceansofmedicateddietprescriptionsanddieteticdrugswererecorded;

inaddition,somequestions,suchasdietcontraindicationinpregnancy,dietcontraindicationforwetnurse,contraindicationfordrinking,etc.werealsodiscussedinthisbook.inthemingdynasty,lishizhencollectedandrecordedinhiscompendiumofmateriamedicamanymedicateddietprescriptions,dozensofwhichwereaboutmedicatedgruelalone,andanotherdozensofwhichtouchedonnothingotherthanmedicatedwine.ineightessaysonlifepreservation,amonographonhealthpreservinginthemingdynasty,manymedicateddietsonhealthpreservingandhealthcarewererecordedtoo.monographsonmedicateddiettreatmentintheqingdynastyvariedincharacteristics:

inrecipeofsuixijubywangshixiong,over300speciesbelongingto7phylaofmedicatedfoodanddrinkwereintroduced;

inanalysisoffoodanddrinkfortreatmentofdiseasesbyzhangmu,moremedicatedfoodsweretouchedupon;

incookbookofsuiyuancookingprinciplesandmethodsweredealtwith;

whileincommonsayingforsenilehealthpreservation,alsoknownasjottingsonhealthpreservation,bycaotingdong,about100medicatedgruelprescriptionsforgerocomywerelisted.

medicateddiethasbeendevelopinggreatlyinassortmentonthebasisoftraditionalprocess,forexample,medicatedcan,medicatedsweetsandsoon.salutaryfoodanddrinksproducedonthebasisofachievementsinscientificresearchandhavingtheeffectofcuringdiseaseshaveavarietyofsortsandvaryincharacteristics.thereismedicatedfoodsuitableforpatientssufferingfromdiabetes,obesityandangiocardiopathy;

therearehealth-carefoodanddrinkssuitableforathletes,actors,actressesandminers;

therearealsohealth-carefoodormedicateddietssuitableforthepromotionofchildren'

shealthandgrowth,orforprolonginglifeoftheaged.

chinesemedicateddiethasbeguntogoabroad.medicatedcans,health-caredrinksandmedicatedwinemadefromtraditionalchinesemedicinehavebeensoldattheinternationalmarket.medicateddietdining-hallshavebeensetupinsomecountries.personnelofacademic,industrialandcommercialcirclesabroadhavepaidcloseattentiontochinesemediteddiet-aspecialfood,hopingtodevelopacademicexchangesandtechnicalandeconomiccooperationinthisrespect.chinesemedicateddietwillmakecontributionstothehealthofthepeopleallovertheworld.

characteristics

thecharacteristicsofchinesemedicateddietareasfollows:

1.layingstressonthewholeandselectingmedicateddietonthebasisofdifferentialdiagnosis

bylayingstressonthewholeandselectingmedicateddietonthebasisofdifferentialdiagnosis,wemeanthatwhenprescribingmedicateddiet,weshouldfirstmakeanoverallanalysisofthepatient'

sphysicalandhealthcondition,thenatureofhisillness,theseasonhegotillinandthegeographicalcondition,etc,toformajudgmentonthetypeofsyndrome；

thendecideoncorrespondingprinciplesfordietetictherapyandselectsuitablemedicateddiet.takeapatientwithchronicgastritis,asanexample.heshouldtakegalangalandcyperusgruel（liangfuzhou）ifhesuffersfromchronicgastritisofstomach-coldtype,buthecantakedrinkoffragrantsolomonsealrhizome,dendrobium,blackplamandhawthronfruit（yushimeizhayin）ifhesuffersfromchronicgastritisduetodeficiencyofthestomach-yin.

2.suitableforbothpreventionandtreatment,andoutstandingineffect

medicateddietcanbeusedeithertotreatdiseasesorforhealthypeopletobuilduptheirhealthandpreventdiseases.thisisoneofthecharacteristicsinwhichmedicateddietisdifferentfromtreatmentbymedicine.althoughmedicateddietissomethingmild,ithasanotableeffectonthepreventionandcureofdiseases,healthbuilding-upandhealthpreserving.herearesomeoftheachievementsinscientificresearchofshandongtraditionalchinesemedicinecollege:

eight-ingredientfood:

itispreparedaccordingtotheexperienceinancientdietetictreatmentandhealthcareofimperialcourtintheqingdynastyfromeightdieteticchinesedrugsincludingchineseyam（rhizomadioscoreae）,lotusseed（semennelumbinis）,hawthornfruit（fructuscrataegi）.997%ofthechildrenwhotookitfor30dayshavewhettedtheirappetite,andtheirgrowthhasbeenimprovedtoo.

nourishingextractoflaiyangpearandmushroom:

itismadefromthejuiceoflaiyangpear（malumpiri）andextractofmushrooms（lentinusedodes）andtremella（tremella）.ifthemiddle-age