江苏高考英语完型与阅读真题解析Word文档格式.docx
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Thelocalsknewnothingaboutme,43slowly,theystartedteachingmethe44ofbeinganeighbor.Theydroppedoffblankets,candles,andtools,andbegan45aroundtochat.Theystartedtoteachmeabeliefina46AmericanDream—nottheoneofindividualachievementbutof47.
WhatIhadbelievedin,allthosethingsIthoughtwere48foracivilizedlife,werenonexistentinthisplace.49onthemountain,mymostvaluablepossessionsweremy50withmyneighbors.
Fouryearslater,Imovedbackinto51.Isawmanypeoplewerehavingareallyhardtime,52theirjobsandhomes.Imanagedtorentabigenoughhouseto53ahandfulofpeople.Therearefourofusnowinthehouse,butovertimeI’vehadninepeoplecomeinandmoveontootherplaces.We’dallbein54ifwehadn’tbandedtogether.
TheAmericanDreamIbelieveinnowisasharedone.It’snotsomuchaboutwhatIcangetformyself;
it’sabout55wecanallgetbytogether.
36.A.separatelyB.equallyC.violentlyD.naturally
37.A.offB.apartC.overD.out
38.A.crossedB.leftC.touredD.searched
39.A.fullestB.largestC.fairestD.cheapest
40.A.atB.throughC.overD.round
41.A.occupiedB.abandonedC.emptied
takeinD.getin
54.A.yardsB.sheltersC.campsD.cottages
55.A.whenB.whatC.whetherD.how
第三局部:
阅读理解(共15小题;
每题2分,总分值30分)
请认真阅读以下短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最正确选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
56.TheleafletistoinformvisitorsofthePark’s________.
A.advancedmanagement
B.thrillperformances
C.entertainmentfacilities
D.thoughtfulservices
57.AvisitortotheParkcan________.
A.rentastrolleroutsideFrontGate
B.askforfirstaidbyThunderRun
C.smokeintheWaterPark
D.leavehispetatKidZville
B
We’veconsideredseveralwaysofpayingtocutinline:
hiringlinestanders,buyingticketsfromscalpers(票贩子),orpurchasinglinecuttingprivilegesdirectlyfrom,say,anairlineoranamusementpark.Eachofthesedealsreplacesthemoralsofthequeue(waitingyourturn)withthemoralsofthemarket(payingapriceforfasterservice).
Marketsandqueues—payingandwaiting—aretwodifferentwaysofallocatingthings,andeachisappropriatetodifferentactivities.Themoralsofthequeue,“Firstcome,firstserved,〞haveanegalitarian(平等主义的)appeal.Theytellustoignoreprivilege,power,anddeeppockets.
Theprincipleseemsrightonplaygroundsandatbusstops.Butthemoralsofthequeuedonotgovernalloccasions.IfIputmyhouseupforsale,Ihavenodutytoacceptthefirstofferthatcomesalong,simplybecauseit’sthefirst.Sellingmyhouseandwaitingforabusaredifferentactivities,properlygovernedbydifferentstandards.
Sometimesstandardschange,anditisunclearwhichprincipleshouldapply.Thinkoftherecordedmessageyouhear,playedoverandover,asyouwaitonholdwhencallingyourbank:
“Yourcallwillbeansweredintheorderinwhichitwasreceived.〞Thisisessentialforthemoralsofthequeue.It’sasifthecompanyistryingtoeaseourimpatiencewithfairness.
Butdon’ttaketherecordedmessagetooseriously.Today,somepeople’scallsareansweredfasterthanothers.Callcentertechnologyenablescompaniesto“score〞incomingcallsandtogivefasterservicetothosethatcomefromrichplaces.Youmightcallthistelephonicqueuejumping.
Ofcourse,marketsandqueuesarenottheonlywaysofallocatingthings.Somegoodswedistributebymerit,othersbyneed,stillothersbychance.However,thetendencyofmarketstoreplacequeues,andothernon-marketwaysofallocatinggoodsissocommoninmodernlifethatwescarcelynoticeitanymore.Itisstrikingthatmostofthepaidqueue-jumpingschemeswe’veconsidered—atairportsandamusementparks,incallcenters,doctors’offices,andnationalparks—arerecentdevelopments,scarcelyimaginablethreedecadesago.Thedisappearanceofthequeuesintheseplacesmayseemanunusualconcern,butthesearenottheonlyplacesthatmarketshaveentered.
58.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingseemsgovernedbytheprinciple“Firstcome,firstserved〞?
A.Takingbuses.
B.Buyinghouses.
C.Flyingwithanairline.
D.Visitingamusementparks.
59.TheexampleoftherecordedmessageinParagraphs4and5illustrates.
A.thenecessityofpatienceinqueuing
B.theadvantageofmoderntechnology
C.theuncertaintyofallocationprinciple
D.thefairnessoftelephonicservices
60.Thepassageismeantto.
A.justifypayingforfasterservices
B.discussthemoralsofallocatingthings
C.analyzethereasonforstandinginline
D.criticizethebehaviorofqueuejumping
C
Ifadiversurfacestooquickly,hemaysufferthebends.Nitrogen(氮)dissolved(溶解)inhisbloodissuddenlyliberatedbythereductionofpressure.Theconsequence,ifthebubbles(气泡)accumulateinajoint,issharppainandabentbody—thusthename.Ifthebubblesforminhislungsorhisbrain,theconsequencecanbedeath.
Otherair-breathinganimalsalsosufferthisdecompression(减压)sicknessiftheysurfacetoofast:
whales,forexample.Andso,longago,didichthyosaurs.Thattheseancientseaanimalsgotthebendscanbeseenfromtheirbones.Ifbubblesofnitrogenforminsidethebonetheycancutoffitsbloodsupply.Thiskillsthecellsinthebone,andconsequentlyweakensit,sometimestothepointofcollapse.Fossil(化石)bonesthathavecavedinonthemselvesarethusasignthattheanimaloncehadthebends.
BruceRothschildoftheUniversityofKansasknewallthiswhenhebeganastudyofichthyosaurbonestofindouthowwidespreadtheproblemwasinthepast.Whatheparticularlywantedtoinvestigatewashowichthyosaursadaptedtotheproblemofdecompressionoverthe150millionyears.Tothisend,heandhiscolleaguestraveledtheworld’snatural-historymuseums,lookingathundredsofichthyosaursfromtheTriassicperiodandfromthelaterJurassicandCretaceousperiods.
Whenhestarted,heassumedthatsignsofthebendswouldberarerinyoungerfossils,reflectingtheirgradualevolutionofmeasurestodealwithdecompression.Instead,hewasastonishedtodiscovertheopposite.Morethan15%ofJurassicandCretaceousichthyosaurshadsufferedthebendsbeforetheydied,butnotasingleTriassicspecimen(标本)showedevidenceofthatsortofinjury.
Ifichthyosaursdidevolveananti-decompressionmeans,theyclearlydidsoquickly—and,moststrangely,theylostitafterwards.ButthatisnotwhatDrRothschildthinkshappened.Hesuspectsitwasevolutioninotheranimalsthatcausedthechange.
Whalesthatsufferthebendsoftendosobecausetheyhavesurfacedtoescapeapredator(捕食动物)suchasalargeshark.OneofthefeaturesofJurassicoceanswasanabundanceoflargesharksandcrocodiles,bothofwhichwerefondofichthyosaurlunches.Triassicoceans,bycontrast,weremercifullyshark-andcrocodile-free.IntheTriassic,then,ichthyosaursweretopofthefoodchain.IntheJurassicandCretaceous,theywereprey(猎物)aswellaspredator—andoftenhadtomakeaspeedyexitasaresult.
61.Whichofthefollowingisatypicalsymptomofthebends?
A.Atwistedbody.
B.Agradualdecreaseinbloodsupply.
C.Asuddenreleaseofnitrogeninblood.
D.Adropinbloodpressure.
62.ThepurposeofRothschild’sstudyistosee________.
A.howoftenichthyosaurscaughtthebends
B.howichthyosaursadaptedtodecompression
C.whyichthyosaursbenttheirbodies
D.whenichthyosaursbroketheirbones
63.Rothschild’sfindingstatedinParagraph4.
A.confirmedhisassumption
B.speededuphisresearchprocess
C.disagreedwithhisassumption
D.changedhisresearchobjectives
64.Rothschildmighthaveconcludedthatichthyosaurs.
A.failedtoevolveanantidecompressionmeans
B.graduallydevelopedmeasuresagainstthebends
C.diedoutbecauseoflargesharksandcrocodiles
D.evolvedanantidecompressionmeansbutsoonlostit
D
MarkTwainhasbeencalledtheinventoroftheAmericannovel.Andhesurelydeservesadditionalpraise:
themanwhopopularizedthecleverliteraryattackonracism.
Isaycleverbecauseanti-slaveryfictionhadbeentheimportantpartoftheliteratureintheyearsbeforetheCivilWar.H.B.Stowe’sUncleTom’sCabinisonlythemostfamousexample.Theseearlystoriesdealtdirectlywithslavery.Withminorexceptions,Twainplantedhisattacksonslaveryandprejudiceintotalesthatwereonthesurfaceaboutsomethingelseentirely.Hedrewhisreadersintotheargumentbydrawingthemintothestory.
Againandagain,inthepostwaryears,Twainseemedforcedtodealwiththechallengeofrace.Considerthemostcontroversial,atleasttoday,ofTwain’snovels,AdventuresofHuckleberryFinn.OnlyafewbookshavebeenkickedofftheshelvesasoftenasHuckleberryFinn,Twain’smostwidelyreadtale.Onceuponatime,peoplehatedthebookbecauseitstruckthemasrude.Twainhimselfwrotethatthosewhobannedthebookconsideredthenovel“trashandsuitableonlyfortheslums(贫民窟).〞Morerecentlythe