英语语法Word文件下载.docx
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Haveyougotanypens?
vegotafewdollars.
Ihaven'
tgotmanypens.
UncountableNouns
music,art,love,happiness
advice,information,news
furniture,luggage
rice,sugar,butter,water
electricity,gas,power
money,currency
Weusuallytreatuncountablenounsassingular.Weuseasingularverb.Forexample:
Thisnewsisveryimportant.
Yourluggagelooksheavy.
Wedonotusuallyusetheindefinitearticlea/anwithuncountablenouns.Wecannotsay"
aninformation"
or"
amusic"
.Butwecansayasomethingof:
apieceofnews
abottleofwater
agrainofrice
Wecanusesome,any,lotsof,alotof,little,alittle,much,anamountof,alargeamountof,a(large)quantityof,(huge)quantitiesof,agreatdealofwithuncountablenouns:
vegotsomemoney.
Haveyougotanyrice?
vegotalittlemoney.
tgotmuchrice.
SomepeoplethinktherearehugequantitiesofwateronMars.
Ihaveanincredibleamountofworktodothisweek.
Peoplehaveacertainamountofrespectforhimsincehestooduptotheboss.
Susanhasgivenalargeamountofheroldclothingtocharity.”
Thecauseofinflationisdue,nottoanincreaseinthequantityofmoneybut,rather,totheriseinprices.
Susaninheritedalargeamountofmoneywhenherfatherdied.
Iwanttoknowtheamountofsugarneededfortherecipe.
Iwanttoknowthequantityofsugarneededfortherecipe.
CountableUncountable
dollarmoney
songmusic
suitcaseluggage
tablefurniture
batteryelectricity
bottlewine
reportinformation
tip,suggestionadvice
journey,triptravel
jobwork
view,scenescenery
Countable
Uncountable
Therearetwohairsinmycoffee!
Hair
Idon'
thavemuchhair.
Therearetwolightsinourbedroom.
light
Closethecurtain.There'
stoomuchlight!
Shhhhh!
IthoughtIheardanoise.
noise
It'
sdifficulttoworkwhenthereistoomuchnoise.
Haveyougotapapertoread?
(=newspaper)
paper
Iwanttodrawapicture.Haveyougotsomepaper?
Ourhousehassevenrooms.
room
Isthereroomformetosithere?
Wehadagreattimeattheparty.
time
Haveyougottimeforacoffee?
MacbethisoneofShakespeare'
sgreatestworks.
work
Ihavenomoney.Ineedwork!
ProperNouns
UseCapitalLetterswithProperNouns
commonnoun
propernoun
man,boy
John
woman,girl
Mary
country,town
England,London
company
Ford,Sony
shop,restaurant
Wal-Mart,McDonalds
month,dayoftheweek
January,Sunday
book,film
War&
Peace,Titanic
ProperNounswithTHE
kingdom
theUnitedKingdom,theUK
republic
theFrenchRepublic
countries
thePhilippines,theUnitedStates
people(families,forexample)
theClintons
islandgroups
theVirginIslands,theBritishIsles
mountainranges
theHimalayas,theAlps
hotels,restaurants
theRitzHotel,thePekingRestaurant
banks
theNationalWestminsterBank
cinemas,theatres
theRoyalTheatre,theABCCinema
museums
theBritishMuseum,theNationalGallery
buildings
theWhiteHouse,theCrystalPalace
newspapers
theDailyTelegraph,theSundayPost
organizations
theUnitedNations,theBBC,theEuropeanUnion
Wenormallyuse"
the"
fornamesmadewith"
of"
:
theTowerofLondon
theGulfofSiam
theTropicofCancer
theLondonSchoolofEconomics
theBankofFrance
theStatueofLiberty
ProperNounswithTHE
canals
theSuezCanal
rivers
theRiverNile,theNile
seas
theMediterraneanSea,theMediterranean
oceans
thePacificOcean,thePacific
IrregularPlurals
singularnoun
pluralnoun
mychild'
sdog
mychildren'
theman'
swork
themen'
themouse'
scage
themice'
aperson'
sclothes
people'
Pronouns
PersonalPronouns
I,me,you,he,him,she...
DemonstrativePronouns
this,that,these,those,here,there
InterrogativePronouns
who,what,which...
ReciprocalPronouns
eachother,oneanother
IndefinitePronouns
another,much,nobody,few,such...
RelativePronouns
who,whom,which...
subjectiveobjectivePossessive(adj/noun)Reflexive
1stImemy/minemyself
1stweusour/oursourselves
2ndyouyouyour/yoursyourself
2ndyouyouyour/yoursyourselves
3rdhehimhis/hishimself
3rdsheherher/hersherself
3rdititits/itsitself
3rdtheythemtheir/theirsthemselves
Johnistalkingtohim.
Johnistalkingtohimself.
JohnandMaryaretalkingtothem.
JohnandMaryaretalkingtothemselves.
JohnandMaryaretalkingtoeachother
____(I)lookedeverywherefor____key(you).Ifound____(John)keybutIcouldn'
tfind____.(you)
____flowersaredying(I).____arelovely.(you)
Alltheessaysweregoodbut____wasthebest.(he)
Johnfound____(he)passportbutMarycouldn'
tfind____.(she)
Hereis____(you)car.____isoverthere,where____leftit.(we)
Idon'
tlikethisfamily'
sgardenbutIlike____.(you)
Thesearen'
tJohnandMary'
schildren.____haveblackhair.(they)
JohnandMarydon'
tlike____(you)car.Doyoulike____?
(they)
Johnsaw____(I).
Whydoesheblame____(you)?
Davidsent____(she)acopy.
Canyouhelp____(I)children?
Theycannotlookafter____(they).
Isaw____(I)inthemirror.
Whydoyoublame____(you)?
Help____(you).
Imadeit____(I).
Nevermind.We'
lldoit____(we).
Who/whom/whose,whoever/whomever/whosever,whosesoever
What,whatever,whatday/date/color/time
When,whenever
Where,wherever
Which,whichever,whichway/one/column
Why
How,however(but),howgood/well/high/long/many/much/far/soon/important
Whotoldyou?
Whomdidyoutell?
Whatdoyouwant?
They'
reallfantastic!
Whicheverwillyouchoose?
There'
sonecarmissing.Whosehasn'
tarrived?
Howdoyouknow?
Whenwillyouarrive?
Whereisthegasstation?
Whichonedoyouprefer?
Whynot?
ReciprocalPronouns
JohnandMaryloveeachother.
PeterandDavidhateeachother.
Thetenprisonerswereallblamingoneanother.
Bothteamsplayedhardagainsteachother.
Wegaveeachothergifts.
Whydon'
tyoubelieveeachother?
Theycan'
tseeeachother.
Thegangsterswerefightingoneanother.
Theboatswerebumpingagainsteachotherinthestorm.
Who
Whom
Whose
Which
that
RelativePronouns-Defining
-Thepersonwhophonedmelastnightismyteacher.
-Thepersonthatphonedmelastnightismyteacher.
-Thecarwhichhitmewasyellow.
-Thecarsthathitmewereyellow.
ThepersonwhomIphonedlastnightismyteacher.
-ThepeoplewhoIphonedlastnightaremyteachers.
-ThepersonthatIphonedlastnightismyteacher.
-ThepersonIphonedlastnightismyteacher.
-ThecarwhichIdriveisold.
-ThecarthatIdriveisold.
-ThecarIdriveisold.
RelativePronouns-Defining
-Thestudentwhosephonejustrangwalkedout.
-Studentswhoseparentsdidn’tcomeneedtotalkwiththeteacher.
-Thepolicearelookingforthecarwhosedriverwasmasked.
-Thepolicearelookingforthecarofwhichthedriverwasmasked.
RelativePronouns:
defining
Thecar,whosedriverjumpedoutjustbeforetheaccident,wascompletelydestroyed.
Thecar,thedriverofwhichjumpedoutjustbeforetheaccident,wascompletelydestroyed
non-defining
MrsPratt,whoisverykind,ismyteacher.
Mybrother,whosephoneyoujustheard,isadoctor.
MrsPratt,whomIlikeverymuch,ismyteacher.
-MrandMrsPratt,whomIlikeverymuch,aremyteachers.
Prepositions
Thereareabout150(includingone-wordandcomplex)prepositionsinEnglish.
Aprepositionisfollowedbyanoun,pronounandgerund.
PrepositionsofPlace
atinon
POINTENCLOSEDSPACESURFACE
atthecornerinthegardenonthewall
atthebusstopinLondononthecling
atthedoorinFranceonthedoor
atthetopofthepageinaboxonthecover
attheendoftheroadinmypocketonthefloor
attheentranceinmywalletonthecarpet
atthecrossroadsinabuildingonthemenu
atthefrontdeskinacaronapage
Janeiswaitingforyouatthebusstop.
Theshopisattheendofthestreet.
MyplanestoppedatDubaiandHanoiandarrivedinBangkoktwohourslate.
Whenwillyouarriveattheoffice?
Doyouworkinanoffice?
IhaveameetinginNewYork.
DoyouliveinJapan?
JupiterisintheSolarSystem.
Theauthor'
snameisonthecoverofthebook.
Therearenopricesonthismenu.
Youarestandingonmyfoot.
Therewasa"
nosmoking"
signonthewall.
Iliveonthe7thfloorat21OxfordStreetinLondon.
athomeinacaronabus
atwor