本杰明富兰克林自传BenjamintheautobiographyofbenjaminWord文件下载.docx

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ThereisafullrangeofgreatfiguresintheUnitedStates,manyscholarscalledhim"

thesage/z,"

the"

fatheroftheAmericanRevolution,heisFranklin.Moststudentsjustknow:

heisflyingthekiteconductinginthestoryofscientists,butyoumaynotknowthathewasapioneerintheUnitedStatesineighteenthCentury,enlightenmentindustrialists,scientists,writers,politicians,diplomats,oneoftheleadersoftheAmericanRevolution,assistingindrafting,modifyingthe"

American"

Declarationofindependence"

、hisachievementinone'

slife,atthesametimealmostnoonecanmatch・Youmustthinkheisageniusinfactheonlytook2yearsofprimaryschool,thendroppedoutofschooltotheprintingshopasanapprenticeprinter

Fatherslittiehelper

FranklinwasborninBoston,USAin1706,whentheUnitedStateswasnotindependent,anditwasaBritishcolony

Thehomeofalotofbrothersandsisters,fatherofmanychildrencannotaffordschoolfees,sotheFranklinbrothers,veryearlyintoavarietyofdifferentindustries,Baishixueyi・Atthattime,nothingmattersthantolearnmoreimportantproficiencyinaparticularline,supportingthefamily・Therefore,althoughFranklinhadschool,butattheageof10,beganwhenthefathersbusinesslittlehelper,operatingoilandcandles,soapmaking・Franklin，sfatherisaversatile,strongman,inpainting,music,machineryhavetalent,indealingwithsomethings,canoftenexhibitprofoundinsightsandcorrectthejudge,healsoofteninvitedthelocalpeoplewithwisdomtomanysocialandlifeproblemsathome,Franklininthisenvironmentinfluence,fromanearlyagetodevelopgood,honest,prudent,constantlyseekknowledgeandvirtue.

Becausegrewupincoastalareas,Franklingrewtolovethesea,verygoodatswimming,boating,sothebodyisverygood,whichmakesthelittlesickinhislife・Hischildhoodbiggestdreamistogotosea,thefathertoworryhelefthometogosailing,willbringhimaround,oftentakehimtowatchsomeoutstandingcraftsmenIhopetowork,hisinterestisfixedinaland-basedindustry.Becauseofthis,Franklinsavvy,plustheinquisitive,hequicklylearnedtousemanyskillsandtools,sohecaneasilymakesomeexperimentsorself-madesmallmachinery.

Printers，articles

Attheageof12,hisbrotherJamesbacktoaprintingmachineandthetypefromtheUK,athisfather^sbehest,Franklinbeganwhenhisbrother'

sApprentice（right:

asanapprenticeofFranklin）,learningtheprinting.Thisperiodofapprenticeshipperiod,heoftenfoundbecausehehasnevergonetoschool,sowriteorwritethelackofvocabulary,grammar,confusion,withhisfatheracommunicationcontentheandhisfriends,alsoaccusedhimof:

organizedasothersclearlywordedastheotherelegant・ThismakesFranklinfeelverysad,buthewasdeterminedtowritethearticle・Thenhebegantoreadalotofbooksthatmagazine,andtheimitationofpublicationsonthestyle.Hiswayistoputthethoughtoutlineinmind,thentheirvocabularyandgrammarreexpression,andthencomparedwiththeoriginalarticle,findtheirowninadequacies・Byconstantlyreading,continuetowrite,byhiswriting,healsoanonymously,foranumberofarticlestobrotherJames，s"

newEngland'

'

report,atthattime,James^snewspaperhasconsiderablepopularityandsales,brotherthoughthewasalearnedfamousscholarFranklinofthattimeisonly15,6yearsold・

Americanpeoplewhodrinkwater

Infact,F:

ranklinandhisbrotheroftenquarrel,partlybecauseFranklinyoung,oftencontradictbrotherhand;

Jamesalsoquiteirritabletemper,motionlessontheapprenticebrotherfinallygottwocuffandkick,finallypart・

LeavethebrotherofFranklin,thisyearonly17yearsold,hedecidedtomakeacareerforhimself・'

PennilessFranklin,firstfindaprintingjobinPhiladelphia,withexcellenttechnologyandseriousattitude,graduallyhewasboss,healsodoesnotnecessarilymakesomemoney,buttobehonest,studiousperson,todiscusswitheachotherarticles,poetry,philosophyoflife・

Later,afterFranklinalsowenttoBritain,originallythoughtcanbefundedintheUK,herealizedhisownbusinessideas,butprogressisnotsmooth,hehadtostayintheUK.TheBritishprintingworkersaremostlyalcoholic,becausetheythinkthatdrinkingcanincreasestrength,butFranklinisdifferent,hethoughtcontroldietcanmakethemindclear,quickthinking,improvetheefficiency,sohedidnotdrink,isavegetarian,sothefactoryBritsaremockinghimas"

waterAmerican〃・Althoughthedrinkdonotdrink,Franklinisveryhard,typesettingisalsothefastest,soalwaysbedesignatedforsomeurgent,sohissalaryisparticularlyhigh・

Abusinessmanwithhighmoralstandards

In1726,Franklin:

returnedtoAmericainPhiladelphia,withtheirhardworkandtalent,henotonlyhasagoodprintingtechnology,butalsoproducecopper,type,andhisculturallevelhasbeenoutoftheordinaryprintingworkers,hecanread,write,dohavetheirownviewsandthinking,moreimportantisheformeditsownsetofmoralethies・

GodhasbroughtopportunitiesforthosewhoarereadyforFranklin,andothersfromthejointventureprintingshop,stationeryshop,totheirwhollyownedbusinessfromthegeneralpublicdocuments,printing,votes,hasbeenextendedtoprintingmoney,ownanewspaper・・•Everyday,oftenbusyuntil11atnight・Thehard-working,industriousandfrugal,Franklinquicklysettledbusinessloans,butheneversetfootinuselessentertainment，neverfishing,hunting,alwaysreadinginhissparetime,heloveshiswork,oftenpersonallydelivery,andadherencetocredit,promiseothers,neverowed;

slowly,moreandmorepeopleknowFranklin,knowthatheisanhonest,trustworthy,withhighmoralstandards・Theculturalbusinessman,allpeoplearewillingtomakefriendswithsuchapersonorbusiness・

Devoteoneselftopublicaffairs

Manypeoplesupport,Franklinhasbeenback・Heinitiallyestablishedthez，secretagency'

membersofthemoral,political,naturalphilosophyandotherissuestodiscusswitheachother,nottodiscussthewayofwriting,arguetowinattitude,buttoexplorethespiritoftruth・Theproperfunctioning,andlaterderivedothersecretsocietiessubassociations,secretsocietieslasted40years,becamethePennsylvania,manypoliticalandsocialissuesofthewindball.

Thesecretsocietymemberstodiscussissues,oftenneedtoreferencebooksevidence,Franklinsuggestedthattheindividualbookstogether,andlaterfoundedthelibrary,derivedforthepublicnatureoftheproject,theestablishmentofapubliclibrary,thelibraryisasubscriptionlibrarylaterAmericaoriginator.

Franklinwaselectedin1736theStateCouncilSecretary,formallyenteredthepoliticalarena,theFranklinshiftthefocusoftheworktothepublicaffairsorganization：

thefirebrigade,theestablishmentoffireinsurancecompany,donatedtheorphanage,theestablishmentofPennsylvaniaUniteddefense,foundedtheUniversityofPennsylvania,helpingtorunthehospital,andservedasPostmasterGeneralofAmericain1753,PrimeMinisterAmericapostaiwork,theseachievementsoftheAmericaneducation,culture,military,socialinfluence・

In1754,representativesofthecoloniesinNorthAmericaadoptedthecoalitionplandraftedbyFranklinduringthemeeting・Inthemeeting,heputforwardtheslogan〃disunityleadstoextinction"

callingfortheunityofthecolonialpeopleandthestruggleforfreedom

In1775,FranklinwaselectedastherepresentativeoftheSecondContinentaiCongress,andparticipatedindraftingandmodifyingthedeclarationofindependence

In1776,plenipotentiaryappointedtheUnitedStatestoParis,completedaseriesofdiplomaticmissions,andsuccessfullypromotedthealliancebetweentheUnitedStatesandFrance

In1785,FranklinservedasgovernorofPennsylvania,andwasreelectedforthreetimesduetothetrustandloveofthepeoplethroughoutthestate

In1787,theUnitedStatestookpartintheConstitutionalConventionandworkedhardtoabolishslavery

AchievementinsciencePhiladelphiaexperiment

FranklinbeganhiselectricalstudyafterreadingtheLeidenbatteryin1746,accordingtohisopinion,

Hebelievesthatthenatureofelectricityandlightning

frictionisthesame,itisforlong-termobservation,comparisonandanalysisoflightning,andfoundthattheyhavemanythingsincommon：

includinglight,lightcolorzigzagshapecanbemadeofmetal,conductive,apoppingsound・TheboldFranklin,plannedtoanamazingexperiment

InJuly1752,FranklinandhissonWilliam,inanopeningofthewoodshed,connectedwithlightningexperiment・Firsthemadeofsilkkite,thetopofthemetalwiretiedathin,withalongropewithakite・Theotherendoftheropetiedforperipheralinsulatedribbon,becausepeoplehideinthewoodshed,ribbonkeepdry,theotherendoftheribbonandribbonkiteinhand・Atthejunction,hangabunchofkeysasacircuitbreakertopreventelectricshock・Whenlightninghitsthekite,toseetheirsonfiberropeup,Franklincouldnothelpbutreachoutandtouchkeysbetweenfingerandsuddensparkleftside,linen,Franklinexcitedlytoldhisson:

"

thisiselectricity!

!

"

Later,Franklininapaper"

onthesameelectricalandlightning"

senttotheRoyalSociety,whenscientistsatfirstbythecold,soontheFr