Unit7Culture习题与解答Word文档格式.docx
《Unit7Culture习题与解答Word文档格式.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《Unit7Culture习题与解答Word文档格式.docx(7页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
![Unit7Culture习题与解答Word文档格式.docx](https://file1.bdocx.com/fileroot1/2023-1/7/b68cd59b-bd67-4a25-83bd-8b52eef16021/b68cd59b-bd67-4a25-83bd-8b52eef160211.gif)
27.Itis_______________(custom)forcustomerstotiptheserverswhengoingouttorestaurants,barsandcoffeeshopsinAmerica.customary
28.Ifthepaintingisan___________(origin),itwillbeveryvaluable,butIthinkitmaybeafake.original
29.Letusbekindand_____________(thought)andnotbeunkindandhurtotherpeople.thoughtful
30.Wetakethisopportunityofexpressingoursincere_____________(appreciate)ofyourhelp.appreciation
31.Despitehisachievements,heretainsanendearingsenseof____________(grace)andhumility.graciousness
32.Thecompanyputforwarda___________(propose)forajointproject.proposal
33.Hisanswertomyquestionhasonlyaddedtomy______________(confuse).confusion
34.Alldisputesinconnectionwiththiscontractshouldbesettledthroughfriendly_____(negotiate).negotiation
35.Hehasmanygoodqualities---generosity,diligence,______(modest),simplicity,andsoforth.modesty
ExerciseII
ReadingComprehension
Thispassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandfillinthecorrespondinglettersintheboxesaftereachquestion.
PassageOne
Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Whatimpactcanmobilephoneshaveontheirusers’health?
Manypeopleworryaboutthesupposedilleffectscausedby
radiation
from
handsets
and
basestations,despitethelackofcredibleevidenceofanyharm.Butevidenceforthebeneficialeffectsofmobilephonesonhealthisrathermoreabundant.Indeed,a
systematic
reviewcarriedoutbyRifatAtunandhiscolleaguesatImperialCollege,London,
roundsup
150examplesoftheuseoftext-messaginginthedeliveryofhealthcare.Theseusersfallintothree
categories:
efficiencygains;
public-healthgains;
anddirectbenefitstopatientsbyincorporatingtext-messagingintotreatment
regimes.Thestudy,fundedbyVodafone,theworld’slargestmobileoperator,waspublishedthisweek.
Usingtextingtoboostefficiencyisnotrocketscience,butbigsavingscanbeachieved.SeveraltrialscarriedoutinEnglandhavefoundthattheuseoftext-messagingremindersreducesthenumberofmissedappointmentswithfamilydoctorsby26%-39%,forexample,andthenumberofmissedhospitalappointmentsby33%-50%.Ifsuch
schemes
were
rolledout
nationally,thiswouldtranslateintoannualsavingsof256millionto364millionpounds.
Textmessagearealsobeingusedtoremindpatientsaboutbloodtests,
clinics,scansand
dental
appointments.SimilarschemesinAmerica,NorwayandSwedenhavehadequallysatisfyingresults—thoughtheuseoftext-messageremindersintheNetherlands,wherenon-attendanceratesarelow,at4%,hadnoeffectotherthantoannoypatients.
Textmessagecanalsobeagoodwayto
disseminate(广泛传播)
public-healthinformation,particularlytogroupswhoarehardtoreachbyothermeans,suchasteenagers,orindevelopingcountrieswhereothermeansofcommunicationareunavailable.TextmessageshavebeenusedinIndiatoinformpeopleabouttheWorldHealthOrganization’sstrategytocontrol
tuberculosis,forexample,andinKenya,NigeriaandMalitoprovideinformationaboutHIVandmalaria.InIraq,textmessageswereusedtosupportacampaigntovaccinatenearly5millionchildrenagainst
polio(小儿麻痹症).
Finally,therearetheusesoftext-messagingaspartofatreatment
regime.Theseinvolvesendingreminderstopatientstotaketheirmedicineattherighttime,ortoencourage
compliance(遵守)withexerciseregimesoreffortstostopsmoking.Theevidencefortheeffectivenessofsuchschemesisgenerally
anecdotal,
however,notesDr.Rifat.Morequantitativeresearchisneeded—whichiswhyhisteampublishedthreepapersthisweeklookingattheuseofmobilephonesinhealthcareinmoredetail.Oneofthesepapers,writtenin
conjunction
withVictoriaFranklinandStephenGreeneoftheUniversityofDundee,inScotland,reportstheresultsofatrialinwhich
diabetic
teenagers’treatmentwasbackedupwithtext-messaging.
36.WecaninferfromthestudybyRifatAtunandhiscolleaguesthat____.C
A.mobilephoneshaveprofoundilleffectsonpeople’shealth
B.therelationbetweenmobilephonesandhealthisnotproved
C.evidenceforthebeneficialeffectsofmobilephonesonhealthisabundant
D.Vodafoneistheworld’slargestmobileoperator
37.WhatdotheexperimentsimplementedinEnglandindicate?
A
A.Text-messagingisusefulinremindingdoctorsoftheirappointmentswithpatients.
B.Usingtextingtoboostefficiencyisverypopularinhospitals.
C.Text-messaginghashelpedtosavemuchmoneyforthehospital.
D.Text-messagingplaysanimportantroleintreatingpatientswithacutediseases.
38.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“…thoughtheuseoftext-messagereminders…,hadnoeffectotherthantoannoypatients”(Lines3-4,Para.3)?
A.Text-messagingisnotsuitabletoremindpatientsintheNetherlands.
B.Text-messagingisveryeffectiveintreatingpatientsintheNetherlands.
C.Theuseoftext-messageremindersintheNetherlandsdoesnotannoypatients.
D.Theuseoftext-messageremindersintheNetherlandswasnotsatisfactory.
39.Whatdoestheauthorintendtosaybytheexamplesofthecountriesinthefourthparagraph?
A.Textmessagesmayhelptospreadinformationaboutpublichealth.
B.TextmessagesareeasilyavailableincountrieslikeIndiaandKenya.
C.Thesecountriesaresufferingfromterribleinfectiousdisease.
D.Thetechnologyofsendingtextmessagesisadvancedinthesecountries.
40.Text-messagingisusedaspartofdoctors’treatmentby____.B
A.carryingoutmorequantitativeresearch
B.sendingmessagestoremindpatients
C.publishingatleastthreepapers
D.observingtheeffectsofmobilephones
PassageTwo
Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.
Plato,anancientGreekphilosopher,believedthatmenaredividedintothreeclasses:
gold,silverand
bronze.VilfredoPareto,anItalianeconomist,arguedthat“thevitalfew”accountformostprogress.Intheprivate
sector(私营部门),bestcompaniesstruggle
relentlessly(无情地)
tofindandkeepthe
vital(必不可少的,维持生命所需的)few.Theyofferthemfatpay
packets(大笔款项),extratraining,powerful
mentors(指导)
andmorechallenging
assignments(任务).
Astheeconomybeginstorecover,companiesaretryingharderto
nurture(培育,培养)
rawtalent(人才),orto
poach(偷猎,盗用)
itfromtheirrivals.
Private-equity
firmsrelyheavilyonafewstars.High-techfirms,foralltheir
egalitarianism(平等主义),are
ruthless(残酷的)
about
recruiting(吸收,添加,招募)
thebrightest.Firmsinemergingmarketsaredesperatetofindyounghigh-flyers(成功人士,高材生)tocopewithrapidgrowthandfast-changingenvironments.
BillConatyandRamCharan’srecentbook
TheTalentMasters
providesanicemixof
portraits(描述,描绘)
ofwell-knowntalentfactoriesalongwith
sketches(概述,描述)ofmorerecentconverts(转换)tothecause.“Talentmasters”areproudoftheir
elitism(精英主义).GEdividesitsemployeesintothreegroupsbasedontheirpromise.HibdustanUnilever
compiles(编辑,收集)alistofpeoplewhoshow
innate(固有的,天生的)
leadershipqualities.“Talentmasters”allseemtoagreeontheimportanceoftwothings:
measurementand
differentiation(分化).Thebestcompaniesroutinelysubjectemployeestovarious“reviews”and“assessments(评估)”.Butwhenitcomestohigh-flyerstheymakemoreefforttobuildupa
three-dimensional(三维的,立体的)picturesoftheirpersonalitiesandtoprovidelotsoffeedback.
Apowerfulmotivatorissingleouthigh-flyersforspecialtraining.GEspends$1billionayearonit.Novartissendshigh-flyerstoregularoff-sitetrainingsessions(学期,会期).Manycompaniesalsoembrace(拥抱,接受)on-jobtraining,speakingof“stretch”assignmentor“baptismsbyfire”.Themost
coveted
(令人垂涎的)areforeignpostings:
thesecanhelpyoungmanagersunderstandwhatitisliketorunanentirecompanywithawiderangeofproblems.
Successfulcompaniesmakesurethatseniormanagersareinvolvedwith“talentdevelopment”.BossesofP&
Gspent40%oftheirtimeon
personnel.Intelobligedseniormanagerstospendatleastaweekinayearteaching
high-flyers.Involvingthecompany’s
topbrass(高级职员)
intheprocesspreventslower-levelmanagersfrom
monopolizing(垄断,独占)
high-flyersandcreates
dialogues(对话,交流)
betweenestablishedandfutureleaders.Successfulcompaniesalsointegratetalentdevelopmentwiththeirbroaderstrategytoensurethatcompaniesaremorethanthesumoftheirparts.P&
Glikesitsmanagerstobeboth
innovative(革新的,创新的)and
worldly(精于世俗的).Goodyearreplaced23ofits24seniormanagersintwoyearsasitshifteditstarget-consumersfromcarmakerstomotorists.
Meanwhile,intheirrushtoclassifypeople,companiescanmisspotentialstars.Thosewhoaresingledoutforspecialtreatmentcanbecometoofullofthemselves.Butthefirstproblemcanbefixedbyflexibility:
peoplewhoareaverageinonejobcanbecomestarsinanother.Andpeoplewhobecometoo
smug(沾沾自喜的,自鸣得意的)
canbe
discarded(丢弃).
41.Theauthormentionstheneedsfortalentofdifferentfirmsinthesecondparagraphtoshowthat____.A
A.theneedfortalentisuniversal
B.thereisacut-throatcompetitionamongthem
C.th