Unit7Culture习题与解答Word文档格式.docx

Unit7Culture习题与解答Word文档格式.docx

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27.Itis_______________（custom）forcustomerstotiptheserverswhengoingouttorestaurants,barsandcoffeeshopsinAmerica.customary

28.Ifthepaintingisan___________（origin）,itwillbeveryvaluable,butIthinkitmaybeafake.original

29.Letusbekindand_____________（thought）andnotbeunkindandhurtotherpeople.thoughtful

30.Wetakethisopportunityofexpressingoursincere_____________（appreciate）ofyourhelp.appreciation

31.Despitehisachievements,heretainsanendearingsenseof____________（grace）andhumility.graciousness

32.Thecompanyputforwarda___________（propose）forajointproject.proposal

33.Hisanswertomyquestionhasonlyaddedtomy______________（confuse）.confusion

34.Alldisputesinconnectionwiththiscontractshouldbesettledthroughfriendly_____（negotiate）.negotiation

35.Hehasmanygoodqualities---generosity,diligence,______（modest）,simplicity,andsoforth.modesty

ExerciseII 

ReadingComprehension

Thispassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandfillinthecorrespondinglettersintheboxesaftereachquestion.

PassageOne

Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Whatimpactcanmobilephoneshaveontheirusers’health?

Manypeopleworryaboutthesupposedilleffectscausedby 

radiation 

from 

handsets 

and 

basestations,despitethelackofcredibleevidenceofanyharm.Butevidenceforthebeneficialeffectsofmobilephonesonhealthisrathermoreabundant.Indeed,a 

systematic 

reviewcarriedoutbyRifatAtunandhiscolleaguesatImperialCollege,London, 

roundsup 

150examplesoftheuseoftext-messaginginthedeliveryofhealthcare.Theseusersfallintothree 

categories:

efficiencygains;

public-healthgains;

anddirectbenefitstopatientsbyincorporatingtext-messagingintotreatment 

regimes.Thestudy,fundedbyVodafone,theworld’slargestmobileoperator,waspublishedthisweek.

Usingtextingtoboostefficiencyisnotrocketscience,butbigsavingscanbeachieved.SeveraltrialscarriedoutinEnglandhavefoundthattheuseoftext-messagingremindersreducesthenumberofmissedappointmentswithfamilydoctorsby26%-39%,forexample,andthenumberofmissedhospitalappointmentsby33%-50%.Ifsuch 

schemes 

were 

rolledout 

nationally,thiswouldtranslateintoannualsavingsof256millionto364millionpounds.

Textmessagearealsobeingusedtoremindpatientsaboutbloodtests, 

clinics,scansand 

dental 

appointments.SimilarschemesinAmerica,NorwayandSwedenhavehadequallysatisfyingresults—thoughtheuseoftext-messageremindersintheNetherlands,wherenon-attendanceratesarelow,at4%,hadnoeffectotherthantoannoypatients.

Textmessagecanalsobeagoodwayto 

disseminate（广泛传播） 

public-healthinformation,particularlytogroupswhoarehardtoreachbyothermeans,suchasteenagers,orindevelopingcountrieswhereothermeansofcommunicationareunavailable.TextmessageshavebeenusedinIndiatoinformpeopleabouttheWorldHealthOrganization’sstrategytocontrol 

tuberculosis,forexample,andinKenya,NigeriaandMalitoprovideinformationaboutHIVandmalaria.InIraq,textmessageswereusedtosupportacampaigntovaccinatenearly5millionchildrenagainst 

polio（小儿麻痹症）.

Finally,therearetheusesoftext-messagingaspartofatreatment 

regime.Theseinvolvesendingreminderstopatientstotaketheirmedicineattherighttime,ortoencourage 

compliance（遵守）withexerciseregimesoreffortstostopsmoking.Theevidencefortheeffectivenessofsuchschemesisgenerally 

anecdotal, 

however,notesDr.Rifat.Morequantitativeresearchisneeded—whichiswhyhisteampublishedthreepapersthisweeklookingattheuseofmobilephonesinhealthcareinmoredetail.Oneofthesepapers,writtenin 

conjunction 

withVictoriaFranklinandStephenGreeneoftheUniversityofDundee,inScotland,reportstheresultsofatrialinwhich 

diabetic 

teenagers’treatmentwasbackedupwithtext-messaging.

36.WecaninferfromthestudybyRifatAtunandhiscolleaguesthat____.C

A.mobilephoneshaveprofoundilleffectsonpeople’shealth

B.therelationbetweenmobilephonesandhealthisnotproved

C.evidenceforthebeneficialeffectsofmobilephonesonhealthisabundant

D.Vodafoneistheworld’slargestmobileoperator

37.WhatdotheexperimentsimplementedinEnglandindicate?

A

A.Text-messagingisusefulinremindingdoctorsoftheirappointmentswithpatients.

B.Usingtextingtoboostefficiencyisverypopularinhospitals.

C.Text-messaginghashelpedtosavemuchmoneyforthehospital.

D.Text-messagingplaysanimportantroleintreatingpatientswithacutediseases.

38.Whatdoestheauthorimplybysaying“…thoughtheuseoftext-messagereminders…,hadnoeffectotherthantoannoypatients”（Lines3-4,Para.3）？

A.Text-messagingisnotsuitabletoremindpatientsintheNetherlands.

B.Text-messagingisveryeffectiveintreatingpatientsintheNetherlands.

C.Theuseoftext-messageremindersintheNetherlandsdoesnotannoypatients.

D.Theuseoftext-messageremindersintheNetherlandswasnotsatisfactory.

39.Whatdoestheauthorintendtosaybytheexamplesofthecountriesinthefourthparagraph?

A.Textmessagesmayhelptospreadinformationaboutpublichealth.

B.TextmessagesareeasilyavailableincountrieslikeIndiaandKenya.

C.Thesecountriesaresufferingfromterribleinfectiousdisease.

D.Thetechnologyofsendingtextmessagesisadvancedinthesecountries.

40.Text-messagingisusedaspartofdoctors’treatmentby____.B

A.carryingoutmorequantitativeresearch

B.sendingmessagestoremindpatients

C.publishingatleastthreepapers

D.observingtheeffectsofmobilephones

PassageTwo

Questions41to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Plato,anancientGreekphilosopher,believedthatmenaredividedintothreeclasses:

gold,silverand 

bronze.VilfredoPareto,anItalianeconomist,arguedthat“thevitalfew”accountformostprogress.Intheprivate 

sector（私营部门）,bestcompaniesstruggle 

relentlessly（无情地） 

tofindandkeepthe 

vital（必不可少的，维持生命所需的）few.Theyofferthemfatpay 

packets（大笔款项）,extratraining,powerful 

mentors（指导） 

andmorechallenging 

assignments（任务）.

Astheeconomybeginstorecover,companiesaretryingharderto 

nurture（培育，培养） 

rawtalent（人才）,orto 

poach（偷猎，盗用） 

itfromtheirrivals. 

Private-equity 

firmsrelyheavilyonafewstars.High-techfirms,foralltheir 

egalitarianism（平等主义）,are 

ruthless（残酷的） 

about 

recruiting（吸收，添加，招募） 

thebrightest.Firmsinemergingmarketsaredesperatetofindyounghigh-flyers（成功人士，高材生）tocopewithrapidgrowthandfast-changingenvironments.

BillConatyandRamCharan’srecentbook 

TheTalentMasters 

providesanicemixof 

portraits（描述，描绘） 

ofwell-knowntalentfactoriesalongwith 

sketches（概述，描述）ofmorerecentconverts（转换）tothecause.“Talentmasters”areproudoftheir 

elitism（精英主义）.GEdividesitsemployeesintothreegroupsbasedontheirpromise.HibdustanUnilever 

compiles（编辑，收集）alistofpeoplewhoshow 

innate（固有的，天生的） 

leadershipqualities.“Talentmasters”allseemtoagreeontheimportanceoftwothings:

measurementand 

differentiation（分化）.Thebestcompaniesroutinelysubjectemployeestovarious“reviews”and“assessments（评估）”.Butwhenitcomestohigh-flyerstheymakemoreefforttobuildupa 

three-dimensional（三维的，立体的）picturesoftheirpersonalitiesandtoprovidelotsoffeedback.

Apowerfulmotivatorissingleouthigh-flyersforspecialtraining.GEspends$1billionayearonit.Novartissendshigh-flyerstoregularoff-sitetrainingsessions（学期，会期）.Manycompaniesalsoembrace（拥抱，接受）on-jobtraining,speakingof“stretch”assignmentor“baptismsbyfire”.Themost 

coveted 

（令人垂涎的）areforeignpostings:

thesecanhelpyoungmanagersunderstandwhatitisliketorunanentirecompanywithawiderangeofproblems.

Successfulcompaniesmakesurethatseniormanagersareinvolvedwith“talentdevelopment”.BossesofP&

Gspent40%oftheirtimeon 

personnel.Intelobligedseniormanagerstospendatleastaweekinayearteaching 

high-flyers.Involvingthecompany’s 

topbrass（高级职员） 

intheprocesspreventslower-levelmanagersfrom 

monopolizing（垄断，独占） 

high-flyersandcreates 

dialogues（对话，交流） 

betweenestablishedandfutureleaders.Successfulcompaniesalsointegratetalentdevelopmentwiththeirbroaderstrategytoensurethatcompaniesaremorethanthesumoftheirparts.P&

Glikesitsmanagerstobeboth 

innovative（革新的，创新的）and 

worldly（精于世俗的）.Goodyearreplaced23ofits24seniormanagersintwoyearsasitshifteditstarget-consumersfromcarmakerstomotorists.

Meanwhile,intheirrushtoclassifypeople,companiescanmisspotentialstars.Thosewhoaresingledoutforspecialtreatmentcanbecometoofullofthemselves.Butthefirstproblemcanbefixedbyflexibility:

peoplewhoareaverageinonejobcanbecomestarsinanother.Andpeoplewhobecometoo 

smug（沾沾自喜的，自鸣得意的） 

canbe 

discarded（丢弃）.

41.Theauthormentionstheneedsfortalentofdifferentfirmsinthesecondparagraphtoshowthat____.A

A.theneedfortalentisuniversal

B.thereisacut-throatcompetitionamongthem

C.th