英语直接引语和间接引语Word文档格式.docx
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veleftmybookinyourroom.”他对我说:
“我把书放在你的房间里了。
Hetoldmethathehadlefthisbookinmyroom.他告诉我他把书放在我的房间里了。
2)时态的变化如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,直接引语变间接引语时,从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。
如主句的谓语动词是现在时,从句的时态则无需变化。
时态的变化
例句直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时
→一般过去时
Hesaid,“I'
mafraidIcan'
tfinishthiswork.”
Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn'
tfinishthatwork.
现在进行时
→过去进行时
musingtheknife.”
Hesaidthathewasusingtheknife.
现在完成时
→过去完成时
Shesaid,“IhavenotheardfromhimsinceMay.”
ShesaidthatshehadnotheardfromhimsinceMay.
一般过去时
→过去完成
Hesaid,“Icametohelpyou.”
Hesaidthathehadcometohelpme.
过去完成时不变
Hesaid,“Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkbeforesupper.”
Hesaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkbeforesupper.
3)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化:
变化
例句直接引语
间接引语
this-that
这个-那个
Shesaid,“Iwillcomethismorning."
Shesaidthatshewouldgothatmorning.
these-those
这些=那些
Hesaid,"
Thesebooksaremine."
Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.
now-then
现在-那时
Itisnine0'
clocknow."
Hesaidthatitwasnine0'
clockthen.
today-thatday
今天-那天
Ihaven'
tseenhertoday."
Hesaidthathehadn'
tseenherthatday.
yesterday-
thedaybefore
昨天-前一天
shesaid,"
Iwentthereyesterday."
Shesaidthatshehadgonetherethedaybefore.
tomorrow-
thenext
(following)day
明天-第二天
I'
llgotheretomorrow."
Shesaidthatshewouldgotherethenext(following)day.
here-there
这里-那里
come-go
来-去
注:
(1)直接引语如果是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变。
如:
Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound."
Hesaidthatlighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.
(2)如果在当地转述,here不必改为there,动词come不必改为go.如果在当天转述yesterday,tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。
直接引语变间接引语。
见下表。
分类连接词例句注意事项补充说明
当直接引语为“陈述句”时连接词:
that
(口语中常常省略)Hesays,“Iwillgototheparktomorrow.”
--Hesays(that)hewillgototheparktomorrow.
Hesaid,“Iwillgototheparktomorrow.”
--Hesaid(that)hewouldgototheparktomorrow.
Hesaidtome,“youcanhelpher.”
--Hesaidtome(that)Icouldhelpher..1.连接词:
2.人称:
1主,2宾,3不变
3.时态。
1.黑体部分是连接词。
斜体部分为间接引语部分。
2.间接引语部分均为陈述语序。
3.间接引语部分实际上是宾语从句,连接词之间的叫主句。
4.当主句是一般现在时态,间接引语部分与直接引语的时态相同。
5.当主句是一般过去时态,间接引语部分变为相应的过去时态。
当直接引语是“一般疑问句”时。
连接词:
if或者whether.
可译为:
是否Heaskedme,“Areyougoodatmath?
’
---HeaskedmeifIwasgoodatmath.
HeaskedAmy,“Doyouloveme?
---HeaskedAmywhethershelovedhim.
Heasksme,“Isshereading?
---Heasksmeifsheisreading.1.连接词:
if,whether
2.语序:
改为“陈述语序”。
(去掉:
Do,Does,Did
改变Are,Is,Will,Can…位置)
3.人称:
4.时态。
当直接引语为“特殊疑问句”时。
直接引语中的特殊疑问词。
Heaskedhiswife,“Howareyou?
---Heaskedhiswifehowshewas.
Heaskedme,“Whatcolordoyoulike?
---HeaskedmewhatcolorIliked.
Heasksme,“wherewillshego3dayslater.”
---Heasksmewhereshewillgo3dayslater.1.连接词:
特殊疑问词
(去掉:
当直接引语为“祈使句”时没有连接词。
用:
ask(tell)sb.todosth改写。
或tell(ask)sb.nottodosth.改写HesaidtoAmy,“Becareful!
--HeaskedAmytobecareful.
Heshouted,“Lily,Closethedoor.”
--HetoldLilytoclosethedoor.
Hesaidtome,“Don’tbelate.”
--Heaskedmenottobelate.1.不用连接词
2.不改变时态。
3.无须考虑语序
4.人称:
1主,2宾,3不变1.斜体部分为间接引语部分。
2.间接引语部分是动词不定式,在句中作宾语补足语。
重点概括:
直接引语变间接引语有着时态,人称,时间状语,地点状语的变化。
1.时态变化:
直接引语:
一般现在时间接引语:
一般过去时
现在进行时间接引语:
过去进行时
一般将来时间接引语:
过去将来时
现在完成时间接引语:
过去完成时
一般过去时间接引语:
2.人称变化:
SheaskedJack,"
Wherehaveyoubeen?
"
SheaskedJackwherehehadbeen.
3.指示代词的变化:
thisthat;
thesethose
Hesaid,"
Thesebooksaremine."
Hesaidthatthosebookswerehis.
4.时间状语的变化:
nowthen;
todaythatday;
yesterdaythedaybefore;
tomorrowthenextday/thefollowingday
Myfathersaid,“Iworkedheretwentyyearsago."
Myfathersaidthathehadworkedtheretwentyyearsbefore.
5.地点状语的变化:
herethere
Heaskedme,“HowcanIgethere?
Heaskedmehowhecouldgetthere.
直接引语变间接引语的句式变化:
1.陈述句:
间接引语用that连接或that连接词省略。
2.一般疑问句:
间接引语用if或whether,said改为asked,句子用陈述语序。
3.特殊疑问句:
间接引语用原来的特殊疑问词引导,句子用陈述句语序。
4.语法知识归纳
直接引语的祈使句变间接引语的方法:
要将祈使句动词原形变为带“to”的不定式,并且在不定式的前面根据意思加上tell,ask,order等词,如果是否定式,不定式前面加"
not"
。
"
Openthewindow,"
theteachersaidtotheboy.
Theteachertoldtheboytoopenthewindow.
Tellhimtocomein,"
thebosssaidtothesecretary.
Thebosstoldthesecretarytotellhimtocomein.
Don'
tleavethedooropen,"
hesaid.
Hetoldusnottoleavethedooropen.