日语基础语音Basic Japanese pronunciationWord格式文档下载.docx

日语基础语音Basic Japanese pronunciationWord格式文档下载.docx

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,becauseofthemouthandtonguepositionfrom[i]to[e]sothatthewholesyllabletonesliding,gradualchange,thustheboundarybetween[i]and[e]isvague;

andtheJapanese"

liveintheoppositeforms"

from[i]to[e]butnotslidingtransients.

Inaddition,thestabilityoftheJapanesevowelisalsomanifestedin:

nomatterhowthephoneticenvironmentchanges（i.e.,nomatterwhatcomesbeforeorlater）,thevowelitselfhasnosignificantchangeintimbre.Forexample,thetimbreofChinese"

a"

isdifferentinthephoneticenvironmentof"

an"

"

Yan"

and"

Yang"

.Theyarerespectivelythefirstlowvowel,thefirsthalflowvowelandthelatterlowvowel.Japanesevowelsmaintainarelativelystabletoneinanyphoneticenvironmentwithoutanysignificantchangeintone.

ComparingtheJapaneseandChinesevowelandtonguebitmap,wecanseethatthereasonfortheJapaneseisthatthemandibularopeningisnotbig,andtherangeoftonguepositionislessthanthatofchinese.Therefore,whenspeakingJapanese,theopeningandclosingofthemouthandthemovementofthetonguearesmaller.Thischaracteristicisrelatedtothehigherpronunciationfrequency（syllablenumber/time）requiredbyjapanese.

Inadditiontothe"

Japaneseglottals"

dialtone"

theotherinallsyllables（andendings）arevowel.Avowelthatisnotcorrectwillcauseallthesyllablestobecombinedwiththevoweltobeincorrect.Therefore,vowelsareveryimportanttojapanese.Workhardandlearnitwell.

2.thetuningareasandmethodsofJapanesevowels

Thou（a）

Japaneseexportorwhetherthoutransverselongitudinalopeningthanthe"

inChineseissmall,sothepronunciationwithouthermouthtoobig.

Duetothesmallopeningofthejaw,tongue（thatisformedbetweenthebackofthetongueandpalateupliftofthenarrowestpoint）higherthantheChinese"

isslightlyhigherandslightlyback,sotheauditoryimpressiononcolorisslightlydarker,asbrightastheChinese"

.ThedegreeofmuscletensioninthelipsandtongueisalsoslightlylowerthanintheChineselanguage.

Pronunciationguidance

Thisismostlikelyarelativelysound,butyourlipsandtonguemusclestorelax,don'

tputtoobigmouth.Inlanguagestream,weshouldtryourbesttomaintaintherelativestabilityoftimbre.

Hai（I）

TheverticalopeningofthemouthandmandibleissimilartotheChinese"

I"

butthetransverseopeningofthemouthissmaller.

ThetonguepositionisslightlylowerthantheChinese"

.Chinesemade"

becausethetongueishigher,sometimesfeelaslightfrictionbetweenthetongueandpalate.Japaneseliveduetothegapbetweenthetongueandpalateislarge,smoothflow.Ifyoupronouncecorrectly,youshouldnotfeelthefriction.Thisistheouterlipmusclerelaxation.

Keepyourvocalorgansinanaturalstateofrelaxation.DonotuseasmuchforceastheChineseI.Don'

tpullthecornersofyourmouthtobothsides.

Inthespeechstream,afterthelastvowel[a]or[o],theheightofthetonguewillslowdownslightly,isnotasinglesoundwhenthelastsoundsoclear.Thisistheso-called"

diphthongization"

phenomenon.Butthelastpartinpronunciationconsciousnessstillhasstrongindependence.Itmaintainsaclearboundarybetweenthevowelandthefront.Theglidingprocessfrom[a]to[i]isveryshortandthetoneisalmostinstantaneous.PayattentiontothedistinctionbetweentheChineseVowel"

Ai"

andthechinese.

U（U）

ComparedwiththeChineseVowel"

U"

inJapanese,butnotcompletelipflatforward,isa"

showvowel"

.

Thetraditionalvoicetextbooksalwaysemphasizethecharacteristicsoftheunroundeduonotherfactorsdon'

tspeakmuch.Butpracticehasprovedthatthemerechangeoflipgardencannotchangethetoneof"

.TheJapanesecompletepronunciation,lipeffectevensmallenoughtobeignored,andthefactorsoutsidethelipismoreimportant.

Fromtheopeningofthemandible,theChinese"

toopenlarge,openedabout5mmofthedistancebetweentheupperandlowerincisors;

Japanesecompletemandibularopeningisminimal,theupperandlowerincisorsoverlapbetweentheupperandlowermolars,thedistanceisverysmall.

TheJapanesecompletetone,thetongueplaysaveryimportantrole.

ComparedwiththeChinese"

completethelipandtonguemusclesaremorerelaxed.

Thelipsandtonguemusclesshouldnotbetoohardtokeepthenaturalrelaxationofthevocalorgans.Thereisnoneedtopaytoomuchattentiontolipcircles,aslongastheydonotconsciouslypushtheirlipsforward.Tofocusonthetongue:

recurrentChinese"

->

u"

youcanfeelthemovementofthetongue,tofindthecentreafterabitposition,atthesametimereducethemandibularopeningsothattheupperandlowerincisorsoverlap,basicallycompletethetimbreofthejapanese.

Forms（E）

Lipnaturalexpansion.Thecornersofthemouthareneithertoofarapartnorinward.Thelipofthelongitudinalopeningissmallerthanthou.

Mandibularopeningbetweensweetanddelicious,actuallyalittleclosetotheposition.

Thetongue,withlittledifferencebetweenbeforeandafterthelastformsofdimension（slightlybackalittlebit,andthou）comparedtoalotofdifference（thoutongueverylate）.Inhighdimension,locatedclosetothepositionbetweentheformsofliveandlivewiththee.

Fromtonguemuscletension,slightlyhigherthantherearformsofChinese"

ie"

Inthevowelforms,firstidentifythesweettongue,thetonguetokeepthecentralpositionbeforeandafterbasicdoesnotmove,trytodeclineslightlybeforetheheightoftongueandtongue,inplaceyoucangetformsoftone.Keepthefrontheightdowntoomuch.

And（o）

ThisistheonlyroundvowelinJapanese:

whenyoupronounceit,thecornersofyourmouthcontractinwardintoaflatoval.ThelipofthelateralopeningisthesmallestinJapanese,thelongitudinalopeningisslightlylargerthanthelongerthanChinese,but"

shouldbesmaller.

Althoughthelipofthelongitudinalopeningisnotbig,buttheopeningofthejawisnotsmall:

distancebetweentheupperandlowerincisorsthanChinese"

isevenlarger,withsimilarforms.

Fromthehighdimensionpointofview,theJapaneseandthetonguealittlehigherthanthou,andChinese"

O"

isalmostahigh.Butfromtheviewoftheposition,andquitereliable,evenclosetotheJapanesetongueuvula,thebackofavowel.ThetonguepositionofChinese"

isrelativetothe"

positioninfrontandbackdimensions.

Fromtonguemuscletension,andslightlyhigherthantheChinese"

Hairandsound,firstidentifytheChineseVowelsinthebackofthetongue"

andthenputthetonguetodropalittlebelowatthesametime,theopeningofthemandibularagainslightlyopen,andthesoundcanbeobtained.

Halfvowel

Inafricative,theweaker,lessfriction,betweenthevowelandtheconsonant,iscalledthehalfvowel.

TherearetwohalfvowelsinJapanese:

[y]and[w].ComparedwiththesemivowelofChinese,theJapanesehalfvowelisveryclosetovowelbecauseofitsweakfriction.

Insyllables,thelengthoftheJapanesehalfvowelisshort,andthetransitionfromthesemivoweltothevowelisinstantaneous.Thatistosay,inthepronunciationofsemivowelgentlyshortpassing,otherwiseitwillbeperceivedastwosyllables.

Don'

troundyourlipswhenyou'

remakinga[w].Theactionoftheroundedlipscausesthelipsmusclestobecometense,thusincreasingthearticulationofthevowelsounds,andthisextramovementcanconsumealotoftime.ThisiscontrarytotheJapaneseshortvowelinthesyllable'

s"

shortandlight"

characteristics.

InChinese,thelipsemivowel[w]hasa"

freevariant"

[v],bothofwhichcanbefreelysubstitutedforeachother,buttheJapanese[w]doesnothavethisvariant.

TheconsonantsinEnglishandotherforeignlanguages,[v],areclosetotheconsonant[b]soundsinJapanese,so[v]becomes[b]whenitistranslatedintojapanese.

Longvowel

InJapanese,thelengthofvowelisdistinguishedbymeaning.Suchas:

As（corner）-Dhaka,DoCoMo（card）:

（stamp）-cancerwas:

cancerwascomplete（against）

Wait。

Thelengthofalongvowelisapproximatelythesameasthatofthetwo.Thebackofthelongvowel,oritssecondbeat,isgenerallycalledthelongtone"

ForChinesepeople,learningJapanesehastwopointsthatrequirespecialattention:

Oneofthecommonmistakesisthatthelengthofthebeatisnotlongenough.ThisunderminesthesenseofrhythminherentinJapanese,butalsoeasilyleadtomisunderstanding.Thetwocommonmistakesistolovethelongsoundbehindthemoraalsolongsound,suchasthe"

completeexamplesexamples"

Dhaka,no"

read"

examplescompleteexamplescompletetheform,"

no"

.Th