届高考英语二轮复习分类阅读写作训练之人与自然人与环境含答案与解析文档格式.docx

届高考英语二轮复习分类阅读写作训练之人与自然人与环境含答案与解析文档格式.docx

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Justbeingneartreescanreducedepression.4．InonestudycarriedoutinLondon,itwasfoundthatpeoplewholivedneartotreeshadmuchbettermentalhealth.Researchersdiscoveredthat,themoretreesthatcouldbefoundinanylocation,thefewerthenumberofpeoplewhowerebeingprescribedantidepressants（抗抑郁药）.

Walkinginthewoodshasalreadybeenshowntoimprovebrainpower.Thatiswhythereiscurrentlyatrendtositekindergartensinwoodedareas.Researchershavefoundthat,childrenwhoplayinwoodedareasdevelopbettercognitive（认知的）skillsandarebetterequippedtobeabletoassessrisksanddangers.5．

A．Ithelpsyourecoverfromillness.

B．Itcanhelpoverweightpeopleloseweight.

C．Thathasbeenproveninstudiesconductedinbigcities.

D．WhathavetheJapanesediscoveredaboutwalkinginaforest?

E.Thentheycomparedtheirbloodpressurewhentheyreturned.

F.Whydoestheairinaforestcontainallkindsofbeneficialthings?

G.Italso,ofcourse,giveschildrenabetterappreciationofthenaturalworld.

二、阅读理解

A

江苏南京·

高一期中）Sheepfarmerscanprofitbyplantingtreesandsellingcarboncredits,accordingtoanewstudy.ThereportbytheUniversityofSheffield,publishedinthejournalEnvironmentalResearch,suggeststhatfarmerswithmorethan60acresoflandcouldturnaprofitiftheirlandwerereturnedtoforestandtheyreceived£

3pertonofCO2captured.Thefarmerscouldthensellthecarbon‘credits’tocompanieslookingtooffset（抵消）theiremissions（排放物）,suchasairlines.

ThestudywasreleasedastheUKfarmingsectorpreparestomoveawayfromtheBasicPaymentSystemtothenewEnvironmentalLandManagementScheme（ELMS）,whichfocusesonproducing‘publicgoods’,suchasrecoveringecosystems,flooddefensesandcarbonstorage.Carboncreditsarecurrentlybeingsoldfor£

15perton,apricethatcouldmakeanyforestsizeprofitable,accordingtothestudy.TheresearchalsosuggeststhatiftheUKincreaseditstreecoverfrom8%to12%,theamountofcarbonemissionscapturedbyforestswouldincreaseby10%.

“SheepfarmingintheUKisnotprofitablewithoutsubsidies（补贴）,butforestsdullsellcarboncreditscanbeeconomicallyworkable—soitmakessensefortheGovernmenttohelpfarmerstransition（过渡）,”believesColinOsborne,theleadauthorofthestudy,“Intheend,thesecomedowntopoliticalquestionsofhowwewantourcountrysidetobeused,howwevaluelivestockproductionovertheglobalcostsofclimatebreakdownandhowtheGovernmentsupportsfarmersandruralcommunities.”

However,criticssaythatthestudyisfartoosimplistic,withtheNationalSheepAssociation（NSA）sayinglandmanagementshouldn’tonlyfocusoncarbonemissions,buthastobemulti-functional.SpeakingtoFarmersGuardian,NSACEOPhilStockersaysit’s“reallyeasyforscientiststojustifytheplantingofforeststhroughacarboncalculation（计算）,becauseitiseasytomeasurehowmuchcarbonisinatreeandthenapplyanoffsetvalue”.

Mr.Stockernotesthatgrasslandcaneffectivelycapturecarbonandadds,“Iappreciatetreesasmuchasanyone,buttointroducepoliciestodestroygrasslandsbycreatingforestsisshort-sightedatbest.”

6．Whatisthenewstudyabout?

A．Forestsgivingwaytosheepfarming.

B．UKsheepfarmerspreferringtoplanttrees.

C．Sheepfarmerscontributinggreatlytoenvironmentalprotection.

D．UKsheepfarmersgettingpaidforreplacingtheirgrasslandwithforest.

7．WhatistheaimofthenewELMS?

A．Tohelpsheepfarmersgetricherandricher.

B．Tosupportthosesufferingfromnaturaldisasters.

C．Tousethelandinanenvironmentally-friendlyway.

D．Toencouragepeopletoplantmoretreesontheirland.

8．WhatdoColinOsborne’swordsfocuson?

A．TheroleoftheGovernment.B．Thefutureofsheepfarming.

C．Thecostsofclimatebreakdown.D．Theproblemsofruralcommunities.

9．WhichofthefollowingwouldPhilStockeragreewith?

A．Itismeaningfultomeasurecarbonemissions.

B．Itisunwisetoreplacegrasslandwithwoodland.

C．Subsidizingfarmershelpsimprovesoilquality.

D．Grasslandplaysamorevitalrolethanwoodland.

B

福建省连城县第一中学）"

Youareveryawarethatifsomethinggoeswrong,itgoesverywrongveryquickly,"

saysJoanneJohnson,speakingnearThwaitesGlacier（冰川）inoneoftheremotestpartsofAntarctica.Atthetime,sheandthreecolleagueswerealone,morethan1600kilometresfromthenearestresearchstation.Strongwindshadpoundedthemandithadsnowedheavily.Onthebrightside,fortunately,itwasmild,at-5℃.

Untilnow,fewerthan50peoplehavebeentothispartofWestAntarctica,lessthanhavebeentospace.Bytheendofthismonth,100willhavevisited.Thereasonissimple:

Thwaitesnowisapotentialtimebomb.

ThisvastglacierisaboutthesizeofGreatBritain.Whileithasbeenlesseningsincetheearly1990s,iceitlosthasalmostdoubledoverthepast20years.Itisfalling35billiontonnesayear.Onitsown,itscollapsewouldraiseseasbyaround65centimetres.Thatisworryingenoughinthecontextofthe19-cmriseinthewholeofthe20thcentury.ButthebiggerworryisthatthisglacierbuttressestheentireWestAntarcticicesheet.Thefearisthatitwillcauseawidercollapseoftheicesheet—enoughtoraiseseasbyadisastrous3.3metreswithinafewhundredyearsifThwaitesgoes.

Scientistsforthefirsttimedrilledintotheice;

placinginstrumentsintotheiceistheonlywaytomakeaccurateforecastsofhowsealevelwillriseinthefuture.Thisyear'

sworkhasalreadyconfirmedtheirfearsthough—warmoceanwaterthatcirclesAntarcticaisflowingtothecoastandbecausetheseabedtipsdownwards,astheicemelts（融化）itwillexposeincreasinglymoreicetothatwater,meaningtheglaciercoulddisappearincreasinglyrapidly.

JoanneJohnsonsaid,"

WhathappensintheAntarcticdoesn'

tstayintheAntarctic.Humanitycannotaffordtowait."

10．WhywillmorepeoplevisitThwaites?

A．TomeasureThwaites'

size.B．TolocateThwaitesGlacier.

C．ToexploreWestAntarctica.D．TolearnaboutThwaites'

melting.

11．Whatdoestheunderlinedword"

buttresses"

inparagraph3mean?

A．Supports.B．Covers.

C．Damages.D．Balances.

12．What'

sthepurposeofscientists'

drillingintotheice?

A．Tofindoutthepositionoficemelting.

B．Topredicttheexactchangeofsealevel.

C．Tocalculatethespeedofwatercircling.

D．Topreventtheseabedfrommoving.

13．WhatdoesJoanneJohnsonmeaninthelastparagraph?

A．Antarcticisdestroyedbyoutsiders.

B．Antarcticisthefocusoftheproblem.

C．Thwaites'

troublewillbecomeworldwide.

D．HumansshouldbeblamedforThwaites'

crisis.

C

上海市实验学校高二期末）Therehas,inrecentyears,beenanoutpouringofinformationabouttheimpactofbuildingsonthenaturalenvironment.Informationwhichexplainsandpromotesgreenandsustainableconstructiondesignstrivestoconvinceothersofitseffectivenessandwarnsofthedangersofignoringtheissue.Seldomdothesedocumentsofferanyadvicetopractitioners,suchas（hosedesigningmechanicalandelectricalsystemsforabuilding,onhowtoutilizethisknowledgeonapracticallevel.

Whilethetermsgreenandsustainablearcoftenconsideredsynonymous,inthattheybothsymbolizenature,greendoesnotincludeallthatismeantbysustainability.Someelementsofgreendesignmaybesustainabletoo,forexamplethosewhichreduceenergyusageandpollution,whileothers,suchasensuringinternalairquality,maybeconsideredgreendespitehavingnoinfluenceontheecologicalbalance.

Althoughthereareagoodmanyadvocatesof'

green'

constructioninthearchitecturalindustry,thisisnotenoughtomakegreenconstructioncomeintobeing.Thedrivingforcebehindwhetherabuildingisconstructedwithminimalenvironmentalimpactlieswiththeownerofthebuilding;

thatis,thepersonfinancingtheproject.Iftheownerconsidersgreendesignunimportant,orofsecondaryimportance,thenmorethanlikely,itwillnotbefactoredintothedesign.

The81nmissioning（委托）processplaysakeyroleinensuringtheownergetsthebuildinghewants,intermsofdesign,costsandrisk.Atthepredesignstage,theowner'

sobjectives,criteriaandthetypeofdesignimaginedarediscussedanddocumented.Thisgivesadesignteamasolidfoundationonwhichtheycanbuildtheirideas,andalsoprovidesaspecificstandardagainstwhichindividualelements,suchascosts,designandenvironmentalimpactcanbejudged.

Insomecases,anownermaybeawareofthelatesttrendsinsustainablebuildingdesign.Hemayhavedoneresearchintoithimselforhemayhavebeeninformedofthemeritsofgreendesignthroughearlydiscussionwithprofessionals.However,firmsshouldnottakeitasreadthatsomeonecommissioningabuildingalreadyhasapreconceivedideaofhowgreenheintendsthestructuretobe.Indeed,thisinitialinteractionbetwe