从可持续发展的角度看绿色壁垒大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文.docx

从可持续发展的角度看绿色壁垒大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文.docx

《从可持续发展的角度看绿色壁垒大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《从可持续发展的角度看绿色壁垒大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文.docx（9页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

从可持续发展的角度看绿色壁垒大学毕业论文外文文献翻译及原文

毕业设计（论文）

外文文献翻译

文献、资料中文题目：

从可持续发展的角度看绿色壁垒

文献、资料英文题目：

文献、资料来源：

文献、资料发表（出版）日期：

院（部）：

专业：

班级：

姓名：

学号：

指导教师：

翻译日期：

2017.02.14

Appendix：

GreenBarriersfromtheStandpointofSustainableDevelopment

Abstract:

Greenbarriersareonekindofnon-tariffbarrier（NTB）.Thispaperpointsoutthatgreenbarriersevolvedfromsustainabledevelopmenttheoryandenvironmentalprotection,butarecompatiblewithtruecomparativeadvantage.ThebestwaytosurmountgreenbarriersforChineseenterprisesistoimplementcircularproductionprocessesandcleanproductiontechniques.

KeyWords:

Greenbarriers,sustainabledevelopment,ecologyenvironment,circulareconomy,life-cycleanalysis.

1.Introduction

SincetheopeningupandeconomicreformofChina,itsforeigntradevolumehasrisencontinuouslyfromUS$20.6billionin1978toUS$1,422billionin2005.ThesumofexportsplusimportsasafractionofGDPis65.8%,theshareofexportsis36.2%,theshareofimportsis29.6%in2006inChina（TheNationalBureauofStatisticsofChina,2006）.Exportsmainlyconcentrateonlaborintensiveandresourceintensiveindustries:

laborintensiveproductsaccountingfor40%oftotalmanufacturingexportsandresourceintensiveincludingrubberandmetalproductsaccountingfor20%.Thisexportpatterndepletesresourcesandcauseshighemissionsandhighpollution,aseriousenvironmentalprobleminChina（Gu,2005）.Inaddition,besidesagriculturalproducts,theexportationofmechanicalandelectricalproductsisfacingincreasingtechnicalbarrierssuchasnoise,pollution,safetystandards,energysaving,andrecyclingrequirements.Everyyear,aboutUS$8billionofexportproductsareaffectedbyforeigngreenlabelingandtrademarksandUS$24billionofproductsareindirectlyinfluencedsincepackingmethodsdonotsatisfytheenvironmentalprotectionstandardofdevelopedcountries.Therefore,howtotreatandcopewithgreenbarriersisimperativeforChina’sforeigntrade.

2.GreenBarriers

Whiletherearenoaccurateandcleardefinitionsininternationaltreatiesoragreements,a‘greenbarrier’isanewtermtomeantheapplicationofstricttechnicalstandardsandregulationsininternationaltrade（Dong,2003）.Besidesagreenenvironmentallabel,greenbarriersalsoincludeenvironmentalsurtaxes,marketaccessrequirements,greentechnologystandards,greenpackaging,greensanitarymeasuresandgreensubsidiaries（Leng,2005）.

Normally,agreenbarrierisregardedasanenvironmentalbarrierimplementedbydevelopedcountries,who,onthegroundsofprotectionofanimalorplantlife,establishstrictandcompulsorymeasurestorestrictcertainimportedproducts（Gao,2004）.Accordingtosomeauthors,greenbarriersareatypeofprotectionism,unfairtodevelopingcountriesandrestrictingtheireconomicdevelopment（TangandTan,2004）.

Infact,theevolutionandpracticeofgreenbarriersconformstosustainableglobaleconomicdevelopmentalongthelinesoftruecomparativeadvantage.Developedcountriesrealizedsoonerthefactsconcerningenvironmentalexternalitiesandtheirdamagetohumansandtheenvironment.Somedevelopedcountriessetuptechnologicalstandardsontheenvironmentandnaturalresources,requiringthatboththeendproductsandalltheproductionprocesses（R&D,producing,packing,transporting,consumingandrecycling）conformtoenvironmentalprotectionrequirements.Hence,greenbarriershaveappearedontheinternationaltradestage.

IfgreenbarriersaredefinedasunfairanddiscriminatorymeasuresrelatingtotradeassomeChinesescholarsthink,aresistingandrejectingattitudewillpersist.Thiswillignorethepositiveeffectsofgreenbarriersonprotectingtheenvironmentaswellasthehealthofhumanbeings,animalsandplants.Unlessarbitraryorunjustifiableenvironmentaltrademethodshinderinternationaltrade,arationalattitudeandanalysisshouldbeadopted.

3.ARationalAnalysisofGreenBarriers

Greenbarriersaretheoutcomeofeconomicdevelopment（Feng,2004）.Massproductionanddevelopmentoftechnologybringabouttworesults.Oneisthepositiveeffectoneconomy,increasingincomeandlivingstandards;theotheristhehuge,sometimesirreversiblenegativeinfluenceonnaturalresourcesandtheenvironment.Manyexamplescanbeseenworldwide:

desertencroachment,deforestation,watershortages,acidrain,biodiversityreduction;inshort,air,landandseapollutioningeneral.Whileenjoyingtheincreasedwelfarecausedbyhigheconomicgrowth,theworldissufferingseriousenvironmentaldeterioration（Na,2000）.OurCommonFuture（WCED,1987）putforwardtheideaofsustainabledevelopmentin1987,callingforacommonendeavorthathumanbeingsshouldprotecttheenvironmentandthehealthofpeople,animalsandplants.TheWCEDdefinedsustainabledevel