新东方六级词汇word文本fvvs整理必属精品Word格式.docx
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disturbdisturbance动荡,干扰
resembleresemblance类似,类同之处
attendattendance出席,照料
relyreliance信任,依靠
coincidecoincidence一致,巧合
assureassurance确信,断言,保证
(4)加–ment
shipshipment装船,出货
refreshrefreshment恢复,茶点
engageengagement约会,定婚
basebasement地下室,墙角
harassharassment折磨
unemployedunemployment失业
nickname绰号,昵称
offspring子孙,后代
safeguard保护,安全措施
woodpecker啄木鸟
drawback退税,欠缺
streamline流线型
beforehand预先
breakdown崩溃,衰弱
breakthrough突破
commonwealth国民整体,联邦
cocktail鸡尾酒,开味
counterpart副本,配对物
database数据库,资料库
fellowship交情,奖学金
forerunner先驱者
handbook手册
manuscript手稿,原稿
telecommunication电讯,长途通讯
Thanksgiving感恩,感恩祈祷
trademark商标
turnover翻覆
三)类别词汇的扩大
在英语词汇中,有些词表示“类概念”,另一些词表示“种概念”。
在六级词汇中,类别词汇的量有所增加。
将这些类别词分类,通过联想、比较,可以进行快速记忆和扩大词汇量。
如:
君权类:
tyranny暴政,残暴sovereign统治者,君主privilege特权,优惠monarch君主
monopoly垄断,独占tyrant暴君,专制君主throne王位,君权royalty皇家,皇族reign统治,支配
宗教类:
Moslem穆斯林,伊斯兰教missionary传教士
monk修士mosque清真寺
shrine神殿,神龛
天文类:
Venus金星Saturn土星
Jupiter木星Comet慧星
Galaxy星系
工具类:
sensor传感器monitor监视器
mop拖把shovel铲子
rake钉耙pulley滑轮,滑车
printer打印机minicomputer微型机算机
microprocessor微处理机pantry食品柜
porcelain瓷器piston活塞
科技术语:
algebra代数robot机器人
photography摄影术projector放映机
shuttle航天飞机theorem定理,原理
torpedo鱼雷tanker油轮
torque转(力)矩triangle三角型
trigger触发器,扳机telex电报,电传打字机
electronics电子学ultrasonic超声波
ultraviolet紫外线辐射valve电子管,真空管
tuberculosis肺结核uranium铀
xerox静电胶印transplant移植
terminology术语学yacht游艇,快艇
vaccinate种牛豆
动物类:
serpent毒蛇swan天鹅
gorilla大猩猩reptile爬行动物
parrot鹦鹉woodpecker啄木鸟
oyster牡蛎snail蜗牛
shrimp虾peacock孔雀
rooster公鸡puppy小狗
sardine沙丁鱼salmon大马哈鱼
shark鯊鱼turtle海龟
mammal哺乳动物locust蝗虫
whale鲸鱼panther美洲豹
mosquito蚊子pest害虫
植物类:
tulip郁金香walnut胡桃(木)
shrub灌木pumpkin南瓜
pineapple菠萝willow柳树
olive橄榄(树)maple枫树
opium鸦片chestnut栗子,栗树
peanut花生herb药草
mustard荠菜,
化学元素:
nickel镍uranium铀
hydrogen氢oxygen氧
aluminum铝zinc锌
珠宝类:
ruby红宝石pearl珍珠,珍珠母
学科类:
sociology社会学ecology生态学
aviation航空学electronics电子学
astronomy天文学geology地质学
economics经济学statistics统计学
psychology心理学physiology生理学
philosophy哲学geography地理学
职业类:
blacksmith铁匠miner矿工
magician魔术师electrician电工
deputy代理人ambassador大使
historian历史guardian监护人
衣物类:
array衣服,盛装blouse女衬衫
frock女上衣garment衣服,服装
jean牛仔衣pajamas睡衣
underwear内衣vest背心,马甲
建筑类:
arch拱门lobby大厅
lounge客厅mansion大厦
motel旅馆terrace平台
vault地下室balcony阳台
声音类:
clasp碰撞声clatter卡塔声
hiss嘶嘶声groan呻吟声
grunt哼哼声growl嗥叫,咆哮
花卉类:
camellia茶花lotus荷花
chrysanthemum菊花plumblossom梅花
peony牡丹peachblossom桃花
tulip郁金香lily百合花
七.大学英语六级同义词辩析
1.abolish,abate,annihilate,extinguish
abolishv.例如:
Someschoolboyswouldliketoabolishhomework.
abate例如:
Thewindabatedaftersundown.
Annihilatev.例如:
Thebombersannihilatedthecity.
extinguishv.
2.accommodate,conform,reconcile
Iwillaccommodatemyplanstoyours.
conform如:
E-mailisaconvenient,highlydemocratic,informalmediumforconveyingmessagesthatconformswelltohumanneeds.
Thevastmajorityofpeopleinanygivenculturewillconformtotheestablishedstandardsofthatculture.
reconcile如:
Howdoyoureconcileyourprincipleswithyourbehavior?
3.adhere,cling同义:
“becomecloselyattached”(贴上,粘贴)
Thispaintwilladheretoanysurface,whetherroughorsmooth.
Bothpartiespromisedtoadheretothecontracttobesignedthefollowingday.
Dewdropswerestillclingingtheleaves.
Atthepartywefoundtheshygirlclingingtohermotherallthetime.
4.affirm,assert,allege
Heassertedthatthethingcouldbedone.
Heassertedthatthethingcouldbedone.
Theprisonerallegesthathewasathomeonthenightofthecrime.
5.aggravate,intensify,heighten
Thelackofrainaggravatedthealreadyseriouslackoffood.
Sharinganapartmenthasintensifiedtheirfriendship.
Themountainseemedtoheightenasweapproachedit.
6.ambiguous,obscure
同义:
“notclearlyunderstandable”(理解不清楚的)
前者强调:
反义词为:
explicit。
Youneedtorewritethissentencebecauseitisambiguous;
thereaderswillhavedifficultyinunderstandingit.
Thedirectionsweresoambiguousthatitwasimpossibletocompletetheassignment.
distinct,obvious。
ThepoetryofEzraPoundissometimesdifficulttounderstandbecauseitcontainssomanyobscurereferences.
Veryfewpeopleunderstoodhislecture,thesubjectofwhichwasveryobscure.
7.amend,rectify
Heamendedthespeechbymakingsomeadditionsanddeletions.
Herectifiedthemistakeinthecontractbychangingitswording.
8.ample,spacious
meager,circumscribed。
Wehaveamplemoneyforthejourney.
strait。
Theirdining-roomisveryspacious.
9.analogy,resemblance
Theteacherpointedtoanalogiesbetweenthetwoevents.
Thelittleboybearsacloseresemblancetohisfather.
10.articulate,vocal,eloquent
She'
sunusuallyarticulateforaten-year-old.
Thesingerdidsomevocalexercisesbeforeperforming.
Hewasmoreeloquentthanever.
11.assurance,certainty
另一引申义:
保证,承诺。
Thenewteacherlackedself-assuranceinfrontofhisclass.ThedirectorgavemehisassurancethathewoulddoublemypayifIdidmyjobwell.
Wecanhavenocertaintyofsuccess.
12.avert,preclude,wardoff
avert强调:
“thetakingofimmediateandeffectivemeasurestoavoid,repelorcounteractthreateningevil”如:
Accidentscanbeavertedbycarefuldriving.。
preclude强调:
“theexistenceofsomefactorthatshutsouteverypossibilityofathing'
shappeningortakingeffect”如:
Thefogprecludedtheplanefromtakingoff.。
wardoff强调:
“acloseencounterandtheuseofdefensivemeasures”如:
Bodypaintorfacepaintisusedmostlybymeninpreliteratesocietiesinordertoattractgoodhealthortowardoffdisease.
13.ability,capacity,capability“能力,特点,潜能,智力”
有一些典型的错误用法:
Hehastheabilityofpredicatingfutureevents.(误)
Hehastheabilitytopredicatefutureevents.(正)
例如:
amanofgreatabilities极有才干的人。
常与ability搭配的词有:
toimproveone'
sability,tocultivateone'
sability,todevelopone'
sability,todemonstrate/displayone'
sability
典型的错误用法:
thehall'
sabilitytoseat2,000persons(误)
scapacitytoseat2000persons(正)
thechild'
sabilitytolearn(正)
smentalcapacity(正)。
ability指真实的能力,无论是先天的还是后得的,无论是实践过的还是没有实践过的。
capacity则侧重于接受能力或指人的智力、精神素质、鲜明的反应能力、敏感力或者领悟力。
capability能力,指人(不常指物)具有从事某种工作或者取得已知结果的能力或资格,其后接of或for加动名词或者名词,典型的错误用法:
1)Shehascapabilityasasinger:
sheisworthtraining.(误)
2)Shehascapabilitiesasasinger:
sheisworthtraining.(正) 注:
表示“潜在能力时,要用复数“capabilities”。
3)Nowwehavethecapabilityof/forsolvingthepracticalproblems.(正)
4)Nowwehavethecapabilitytosolvethepracticalproblems.(正)
注意:
capability表示能力时,其后既可接动名词,又可接动词不定式。
14..vital;
fatal;
crucial;
vitality
vital:
重要的,生命的;
fatal:
致命的(CET6.96.6);
crucial:
决定性的(CET6.00.1);
vitality:
活力,生命力。
Theboycyclinginthestreetwasknockeddownbyaminibusandreceived___(fatal/excessive/disastrous/vital)injures.
15..dismiss;
fire;
layoff;
discharge
dismiss:
指强迫他人离开,即解雇,开除,也指允许许多人离开、解散;
fire:
(俗语)解雇通常用在有雇佣关系的场合;
layoff:
解雇,下岗(CET4.96.6);
discharge:
遣走(某人),让(某人)离去;
也指正式“释放”。
Thestorehadto___(layoff/layout/layaside/laydown)anumberofclerksbecausesalesweredown.
16..scorn;
scold;
scent;
score
scorn:
轻蔑;
scold:
责骂(指态度粗暴,高声地骂他人);
scent:
特有的气味,好闻的香味;
score:
得分,记下。
Thewomanisalways___(scolding/scorning/scoring)thechildrenplayingaroundherhouse.
17.involve;
include
involve:
包括;
包含,指必然包括某种结果;
beinvolvedinsth/withsb:
与某事(某人)有关连;
include:
包括、包含,指包括属于整体的部分。
Hewasconsideredtobe___(involved/included)incriminalactivities.
18.appoint;
encounter;
meet
appoint:
任命,指定(时间,日期)
Hewasappointedtothemanagerofthemarketingdepartment.
encounter:
相会,遭遇(困难,危险等)或偶尔遇见(友人等);
meet(with):
指无意或有意地相见或遇到,满足。
They___(met/encountered)withmisfortunethatday.
19.intervene;
interfere
intervene(in/between):
干涉调停;
(事件)介入,在期间发生;
interfere(with)干扰,干涉,让人感到讨厌。
Theywereabouttofightwhentheirfather___(interfered/intervened).
20.initial;
original
initial;
起始的;
original;
最初的,最早的(