语言学第6章习题.doc

语言学第6章习题.doc

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SupplementaryExercises

I. DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:

1. Bothsemanticsandpragmaticsstudyhowspeakersofalanguageusesentencestoeffectsuccessfulcommunication

2. Pragmaticstreatsthemeaningoflanguageassomethingintrinsicandinherent.

3. Itwouldbeimpossibletogiveanadequatedescriptionofmeaningifthecontextoflanguageusewasleftunconsidered.

4. Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaningthecontextofuseisconsidered.

5. Themajordifferencebetweenasentenceandanutteranceisthatasentenceisnotutteredwhileanutteranceis.

6. Themeaningofasentenceisabstract,butcontext-dependent.

7. Themeaningofanutteranceisdecontexualized,thereforestable.

8. Utterancesalwaystaketheformofcompletesentences

9. SpeechacttheorywasoriginatedwiththeBritishphilosopherJohnSearle.

10.  Speechacttheorystartedinthelate50’softhe20thcentury.

11.  Austinmadethedistinctionbetweenaconstativeandaperformative.

12.  Perlocutionaryactistheactofexpressingthespeaker’sintention. 

II.   Fillineachblankbelowwithonewordwhichbeginswiththelettergiven:

13. P_________isthestudyofhowspeakersofalanguageusesentencestoeffectsuccessfulcommunication.

14.  Whatessentiallydistinguishess_______andpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaningthecontextofuseisconsidered.

15.  Thenotionofc_________isessentialtothepragmaticstudyoflanguage.

16.  Ifwethinkofasentenceaswhatpeopleactuallyutterinthecourseofcommunication,itbecomesanu___________.

17.  Themeaningofasentenceisa_______,anddecontexualized.

18.  C________werestatementsthateitherstateordescribe,andwerethusverifiable.

19.  P________weresentencesthatdidnotstateafactordescribeastate,andwerenotverifiable.

20.  Al_________actistheactofutteringwords,phrases,clauses.Itistheactofconveyingliteralmeaningbymeansofsyntax,lexiconandphonology.

21.  Ani__________actistheactofexpressingthespeaker’sintention;itistheactperformedinsayingsomething.

22.  Ac_________iscommitthespeakerhimselftosomefuturecourseofaction.

23.  Ane________istoexpressfeelingsorattitudetowardsanexistingstate.

24.  Therearefourmaximsunderthecooperativeprinciple:

themaximofq_______,themaximofquality,themaximofrelationandthemaximofmanner. 

III. Therearefourchoicesfollowingeachstatement.Markthechoicethatcanbestcompletethestatement:

25._________doesnotstudymeaninginisolation,butincontext.

 A.Pragmatics        B.Semantics

 C.Senserelation       D.Concept

26.Themeaningoflanguagewasconsideredassomething_______intraditionalsemantics.

 A.contextual         B.behaviouristic

 C.intrinsic          D.logical

27.Whatessentiallydistinguishessemanticsandpragmaticsiswhetherinthestudyofmeaning_________ isconsidered.

 A.reference          B.speechact

 C.practicalusage        D.context

28.Asentenceisa_________concept,andthemeaningofasentenceisoftenstudiedinisolation.

  A.pragmatic          B.grammatical

  C.mental           D.conceptual

29.Ifwethinkofasentenceaswhatpeopleactuallyutterinthecourseofcommunication,itbecomesa（n）_________.

 A.constative          B.directive

 C.utterance          D.expressive

30. Whichofthefollowingistrue?

  A.Utterancesusuallydonottaketheformofsentences.

  B.Someutterancescannotberestoredtocompletesentences.

  C.Noutterancescantaketheformofsentences.

  D.Allutterancescanberestoredtocompletesentences.

31.Speechacttheorydidnotcomeintobeinguntil__________.

  A.inthelate50’softhe20thecentury

  B.intheearly1950’s

  C.inthelate1960’s

  D.intheearly21stcentury.

32.__________istheactperformedbyorresultingfromsayingsomething;itistheconsequenceof,orthechangebroughtaboutbytheutterance.

 A.Alocutionaryact       B.Anillocutionaryact

 C.Aperlocutionaryact      D.Aperformativeact

33.AccordingtoSearle,theillocutionarypointoftherepresentativeis______.

  A.togetthehearertodosomething

  B.tocommitthespeakertosomething’sbeingthecase

  C.tocommitthespeakertosomefuturecourseofaction

  D.toexpressthefeelingsorattitudetowardsanexistingstateofaffairs.

34.Alltheactsthatbelongtothesamecategorysharethesamepurpose,buttheydiffer__________.

  A.intheirillocutionaryacts.

  B.intheirintentionsexpressed

  C.