Chapter 5 SolutionsWord文件下载.docx
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（b）
$8.00
perunit
Thecontributionmarginperunit（$8）canalsobederivedbycalculatingthesellingpriceperunitof$20（$20,000÷
1,000units）anddeductingthevariableexpenseperunitof$12（$12,000÷
1,000units）.
2.Thecontributionmarginratioiscalculatedasfollows:
Totalsales（b）
$20,000
Contributionmarginratio（a）÷
40%
3.Thevariableexpenseratioiscalculatedasfollows:
Totalvariableexpenses（a）
$12,000
Variableexpenseratio（a）÷
60%
4.Theincreaseinnetoperatingiscalculatedasfollows:
Contributionmarginperunit（a）
Increaseinunitsales（b）
1
unit
Increaseinnetoperatingincome（a）÷
5.Ifsalesdeclineto900units,thenetoperatingwouldbecomputedasfollows:
Total
PerUnit
Sales（900units）
$18,000
$20.00
Variableexpenses
10,800
12.00
Contributionmargin
7,200
$
8.00
Fixedexpenses
6,000
Netoperatingincome
1,200
TheFoundational15（continued）
6.Thenewnetoperatingincomewouldbecomputedasfollows:
$19,800
$22.00
9,000
$10.00
3,000
7.Thenewnetoperatingincomewouldbecomputedasfollows:
Sales（1,250units）
$25,000
16,250
13.00
8,750
7.00
7,500
1,250
8.Theequationmethodyieldsthebreak-evenpointinunitsales,Q,asfollows:
Profit
=UnitCM×
Q−Fixedexpenses
$0
=（$20−$12）×
Q−$6,000
=（$8）×
$8Q
=$6,000
Q
=$6,000÷
$8
=750units
9.Theequationmethodyieldsthedollarsalestobreak-evenasfollows:
=CMratio×
Sales−Fixedexpenses
=0.40×
Sales−$6,000
0.40×
Sales
Sales
0.40
=$15,000
Thedollarsalestobreak-even（$15,000）canalsobecomputedbymultiplyingthesellingpriceperunit（$20）bytheunitsalestobreak-even（750units）.
10.Theequationmethodyieldsthetargetprofitasfollows:
$5,000
=$11,000
=$11,000÷
=1,375units
11.Themarginofsafetyindollarsiscalculatedasfollows:
Sales
Break-evensales（at750units）
15,000
Marginofsafety（indollars）
5,000
Themarginofsafetyasapercentageofsalesiscalculatedasfollows:
Marginofsafety（indollars）（a）
Sales（b）
Marginofsafetypercentage（a）÷
25%
12.Thedegreeofoperatingleverageiscalculatedasfollows:
Contributionmargin（a）
Netoperatingincome（b）
$2,000
Degreeofoperatingleverage（a）÷
4.0
13.A5%increaseinsalesshouldresultina20%increaseinnetoperatingincome,computedasfollows:
Degreeofoperatingleverage（a）
Percentincreaseinsales（b）
5%
Percentincreaseinnetoperatingincome（a）×
20%
14.Thedegreeofoperatingleverageiscalculatedasfollows:
$14,000
7.0
15.A5%increaseinsalesshouldresultin35%increaseinnetoperatingincome,computedasfollows:
35%
Exercise5-1（20minutes）
1.Thenewincomestatementwouldbe:
Sales（8,050units）
$209,300
$26.00
144,900
18.00
64,400
56,000
$
8,400
Youcangetthesamenetoperatingincomeusingthefollowingapproach.
Originalnetoperatingincome
$8,000
Changeincontributionmargin
（50units×
$8.00perunit）
400
Newnetoperatingincome
$8,400
2.Thenewincomestatementwouldbe:
Sales（7,950units）
$206,700
143,100
63,600
7,600
（-50units×
（400）
$7,600
Exercise5-1（continued）
3.Thenewincomestatementwouldbe:
Sales（7,000units）
$182,000
126,000
Note:
Thisisthecompany'
sbreak-evenpoint.
Exercise5-2（30minutes）
1.TheCVPgraphcanbeplottedusingthethreestepsoutlinedinthetext.Thegraphappearsonthenextpage.
Step1.Drawalineparalleltothevolumeaxistorepresentthetotalfixedexpense.Forthiscompany,thetotalfixedexpenseis$12,000.
Step2.Choosesomevolumeofsalesandplotthepointrepresentingtotalexpenses（fixedandvariable）attheactivitylevelyouhaveselected.We’llusethesaleslevelof2,000units.
Variableexpenses（2,000units×
$24perunit）
48,000
Totalexpense
$60,000
Step3.Choosesomevolumeofsalesandplotthepointrepresentingtotalsalesdollarsattheactivitylevelyouhaveselected.We’llusethesaleslevelof2,000unitsagain.
Totalsalesrevenue（2,000units×
$36perunit）
$72,000
2.Thebreak-evenpointisthepointwherethetotalsalesrevenueandthetotalexpenselinesintersect.Thisoccursatsalesof1,000units.Thiscanbeverifiedasfollows:
Q–Fixedexpenses
=（$36−$24）×
1,000−$12,000
=$12×
=$12,000−$12,000
=$0
Exercise5-2（continued）
Exercise5-3（15minutes）
1.Theprofitgraphisbasedonthefollowingsimpleequation:
=（$19−$15）×
Q−$12,000
=$4×
Toplotthegraph,selecttwodifferentlevelsofsalessuchasQ=0andQ=4,000.Theprofitatthesetwolevelsofsalesare-$12,000（=$4×
0−$12,000）and$4,000（=$4×
4,000−$12,000）.
Exercise5-3（continued）
2.Lookingatthegraph,thebreak-evenpointappearstobe3,000units.Thiscanbeverifiedasfollows:
3,000−$12,000
=$12,000−$12,000=$0
Exercise5-4（10minutes）
1.Thecompany’scontributionmargin（CM）ratiois:
Totalsales
$300,000
Totalvariableexpenses
240,000
60,000
Totalsales（b）
CMratio（a）÷
2.Thechange
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