考研英语真题一及参考答案.docx

考研英语真题一及参考答案.docx

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考研英语真题一及参考答案

2012年考研英语

（一）真题及参考答案

SectionⅠUseofEnglish

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

　　TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticesbecameanimportantissuerecently.Thecourtcannot_____itslegitimacyasguardianoftheruleoflaw______justicesbehavelikepoliticians.Yet,inseveralinstances,justicesactedinwaysthat_____thecourt’sreputationforbeingindependentandimpartial。

　　JusticesAntoninScaliaandSamuelAlitoJr.,forexample,appearedatpoliticalevents.Thatkindofactivitymakesitlesslikelythatthecourt’sdecisionswillbe____asimpartialjudgments.Partoftheproblemisthatthejusticesarenot_____byanethicscode.Attheveryleast,thecourtshouldmakeitself_______tothecodeofconductthat______totherestofthefederaljudiciary。

　　Thisandothercases______thequestionofwhetherthereisstilla_____betweenthecourtandpolitics。

　　TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw____havingauthorityapartfrompolitics.Theygavejusticespermanentpositions____theywouldbefreeto____thoseinpowerandhavenoneedto_____politicalsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfrompoliticspreciselybecausetheyaresoclosely_____。

　　Constitutionallawispoliticalbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedinfundamentalsocial______likelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialpolicydecisions,thelawit_____isinescapablypolitical—whichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasily_____asunjust。

　　Thejusticesmust_____doubtsaboutthecourt’slegitimacybymakingthemselves_____tothecodeofconduct.Thatwouldmaketheirrulingsmorelikelytobeseenasseparatefrompoliticsand,_____,convincingaslaw。

　　1AemphasizeBmaintainCmodifyDrecognize2AwhenBbestCbeforeDunles

3ArenderedBweakenedCestablishedDeliminated

　　4AchallengedBcompromisedCsuspectedDaccepted5.AadvancedBcaughtCboundDfounded6.AresistantBsubjectCimmuneDprone7.AresortsBsticksCleadsDapplies8.AevadeBraiseCdenyDsettle9.AlineBbarrierCsimilarityDconflict10.AbyBasCthroughDtowards11.AsoBsinceCprovidedDthough12.AserveBsatisfyCupsetDreplace13.AconfirmBexpressCcultivateDoffer14AguardedBfollowedCstudiedDtied

　　15.AconceptsBtheoriesCdivisionsDconvenience16.AexcludesBquestionsCshapesDcontrols17.AdismissedBreleasedCrankedDdistorted18.AsuppressBexploitCaddressDignore19.AaccessibleB.amiableCagreeableDaccountable20.AbyallmeansBatallcostsCinawordDasaresult

　　SectionⅡReadingComprehension

　　PartA　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

　　Text2　　Prettyinpink:

adultwomendonotrememberbeingsoobsessedwiththecolour,yetitispervasiveinouryounggirls’lives.Itisnotthatpinkintrinsicallybad,butitisatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusedgirls’identitytoappearance.Thenitpresentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutasevidenceofinnocence.Lookingaround,despairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirls’livesandinterests。

　　Girls'attractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedintheirDNA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,it'snot.Childrenwerenotcolour-codedatalluntiltheearly20thcentury:

intheerabeforedomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter,sincetheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboilthem.What'smore,bothboysandgirlsworewhatwerethoughtofasgender-neutraldresses.Whennurserycolourswereintroduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolour,apastelversionofred,whichwasassociatedwithstrength.Blue,withitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,symbolisedfemininity.Itwasnotuntilthemid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandsexdifferencesbecameadominantchildren'smarketingstrategy,thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,whenitbegantoseeminnatelyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears。

　　Ihadnotrealisedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokids,includingourcorebeliefsabouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.Takethetoddler.Iassumedthatphasewassomethingexpertsdevelopedafteryearsofresearchintochildren'sbehaviour:

wrong.Turnsout,accordingtoDanielCook,ahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwaspopularisedasamarketinggimmickbyclothingmanufacturersinthe1930s。

　　Tradepublicationscounselleddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesales,theyshouldcreatea"thirdsteppingstone"betweeninfantwearandolderkids'clothes.Itwasonlyafter"toddler"becamecommonshoppers'termthatitevolvedintoabroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalstage.Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboostprofits.Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferences–orinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist。

　　26Bysaying"itis...Therainbow"（line3,Para1），theauthormeanspink_______。

　　Ashouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhood

　　Bshouldnotbeassociatedwithgirls'innocence

　　Ccannotexplaingirls'lackofimagination

　　Dcannotinfluencegirls'livesandinterests

　　27AccordingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofcolours?

　　AColorsareencodedingirls'DNABBlueusedtoberegardedasthecolorforgirls

　　CPinkusedtobeaneutralcolorinsymbolizinggenders

　　DWhiteispreferredbybabies

　　28Theauthorsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildren'spsychologicaldevotementwasmuchinfluencedby________。

　　[A]themarketingofproductsforchildren[B]theobservationofchildren'snature

　　[C]researchesintochildren'sbehavior[D]studiesofchildhoodconsumption

　　29.WemaylearnfromParagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvised________。

　　Afocusesoninfantwearandolderkids'clothes

　　Battachequalimportancetodifferentgenders

　　Cclassifyconsumersintosmallergroups　Dcreatesomecommonshoppers'terms

　　30.itcanbeconcludedthatgirl'sattractiontopinkseemstobe_____。

　　Aclearlyexplainedbytheirinborntendency　Bfullyunderstoodbyclothingmanufacturers

　　Cmainlyimposedbyprofit-drivenbusinessmenDwellinterpretedbypsychologicalexperts

　　PartB　Directions:

　　Forquestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableparagraphsfromthelistA-Gandfillthemintothenumberedboxestoformacoherenttext.ParagraphEhasbeencorrectlyplaced.Thereisoneparagraphwhichdoesnotfitinwiththetext.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

　　PartCDirections:

　　ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2.（10points）

　　SectionⅢWriting　PartA　51.Directions:

　　Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.

　　Donotsignyourownnameattheendofthenotice.Use"Postgraduates'Association"instead.（10points）

　　PartB

　　52.Directions:

　　Writeanessayof160-200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing.Inyouressay,youshould

　　describethepicturebriefly,explainitsintendedmeaning,and　giveyourcomments。

　　Youshouldwriteneatlyonanswersheet2.

　　2012年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语试题NationalEntranceTestofEnglishforMA/MSCandidates（NETEM）跨考英语教研室—杨凤芝SectionⅠUseofEnglish　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblank

　　andmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

　　TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticesbecameanimportantissue

　　recently.Thecourtcannot_____itslegitimacyasguardianoftheruleof

　　law______justicesbehavelikepoliticians.Yet,inseveralinstances,

　　justicesactedinwaysthat_____thecourt’sreputationforbeingindependent

　　andimpartial。

　　JusticesAntoninScaliaandSamuelAlitoJr.,forexample,appearedat

　　politicalevents.Thatkindofactivitymakesitlesslikelythatthecourt’s

　　decisionswillbe____asimpartialjudgments.Partoftheproblemisthat

　　thejusticesarenot_____byanethicscode.Attheveryleast,thecourt

　　shouldmakeitself_______tothecodeofconductthat______totherestofthe

　　federaljudiciary。

　　Thisandothercases______thequestionofwhetherthereisstilla_____

　　betweenthecourtandpolitics。

　　TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw____havingauthorityapart

　　frompolitics.Theygavejusticespermanentpositions____theywouldbefree

　　to____thoseinpowerandhavenoneedto_____politicalsupport.Ourlegal

　　systemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfrompoliticspreciselybecausetheyare

　　soclosely_____。

　　Constitutionallawispoliticalbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedin

　　fundamentalsocial______likelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswith

　　socialpolicydecisions,thelawit____isinescapablypolitical—which

　　iswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasily_____asunjust。

　　Thejusticesmust_____doubtsaboutthecourt’slegitimacybymaking

　　themselves_____tothecodeofconduct.Thatwouldmaketheirrulingsmore

　　likelytobeseenasseparatefrompoliticsand,_____,convincingaslaw。

　　1AemphasizeBmaintainCmodifyDrecognize2AwhenBbestCbeforeDunless

　　3ArenderedBweakenedCestablishedDeliminated

　　4Achallen