高考英语 阅读理解试题及答案Word文件下载.docx

高考英语 阅读理解试题及答案Word文件下载.docx

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Leary,ofAngliaRuskinUniversityinCambridge,said"

Atthemomentwedon'

tknowtheprecisecauseofwhylightexposureaffectssight,buttheevidenceseemstoprovethatitisoneofthereasonsforpeoplebecomingshortsighted."

（1）Babiesborninsummeraremorelikelytobeshortsighted____________.

A. 

becausethesummersunistoostrongforbabies

B. 

becausebabiesborninsummerhavelengthenedeyeballs

C. 

iftheyareexposedtoomuchsunlightinthefirstweeksaftertheyarebornD

ifparentsdon'

tknowaproperwaytoprotecttheirbabies'

eyes

（2）Melatoninisakindofmaterialto___________.

preventtheeyesfrombecomingnear-sighted 

protecttheskinfromharmfulsunrays

makeourbodystrong 

D. 

protectbabies'

eyesfromsummersun

（3）FromwhatProfessorDanielO'

Learysayswecanconcludethat___________.

thereisnoevidencethatshortsightednessisrelatedtoexposuretosunlight

whetherlightexposureaffectssightstillneedstobefurtherproved

hebelievesthatlightexposurecancauseshortsightedness

hetriestogivethecauseofwhylightexposureaffectssight

（4）Theunderlinedword"

vulnerable"

inthepassageprobablymeans__________.

easytobeharmed 

resistant 

protective 

changeable

【答案】

（1）C

（2）B

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究表明在夏季出生的婴儿长大后更容易成为近视眼，眼科专家称多达四分之一的近视眼病例是由于在出生后前几周里暴露阳光太久造成。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段和第二段可知，眼科专家称：

在夏季出生的婴儿长大后更容易成为近视眼，因为由于婴儿在出生后前几周里暴露阳光太久造成。

故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第三段中的“Themechanismwhichlengthenstheeyeballisassociatedwithlevelsofmelatonin（褪黑激素）,apigment（色素）whichprotectstheskinagainstharmfulraysofthesun.“可知，褪黑激素是一种可以保护皮肤不受阳光紫外线伤害的色素。

故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段可知，剑桥大学的 

视学专家DanielO'

Leary教授相信暴露在阳光下会导致人们近视眼。

故选C。

（4）考查词义猜测。

在婴幼儿时期，没有产生足够的褪黑激素作为保护，婴幼儿更容易被阳光灼伤，并且改变眼球的形状。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

Washington,D.C.BicycleTours

CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.

DurationTour

Thissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseeaworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—thecherryblossoms—disappear!

WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour

Duration:

3hours（4miles）

JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.

CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.

3hours

MorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.Knowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemost,interestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute（路线）makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.

WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour

3hours（7miles）

JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.

（1）Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?

WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.

WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.

（2）WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?

Meetfamouspeople. 

Gotoanationalpark.

Visitwell-knownmuseums. 

Enjoyinterestingstories.

（3）Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?

Citymaps. 

Cameras 

Meals. 

Safetylights.

【答案】

（1）A

（2）A

（3）D

【解析】【分析】短文大意：

本文介绍了四个有特色的华盛顿特区自行车之旅。

（1）细节理解题。

根据第一段中的"

Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability—thecherryblossoms—disappear!

可知，华盛顿的樱花自行车之旅需要在樱花消失之前预定好位置，故选A。

（2）细节理解题。

根据第三段中的"

KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks."

可知，在首都自行车之旅中可以听到导游讲的有关总统、国会、纪念碑等有趣的故事，故选D。

（3）细节理解题。

根据第四段中的Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights可知，夜间自行车之旅配备反光背心和安全灯，故选D。

【点评】考查阅读理解。

涉及细节理解题，要注意仔细阅读从文中寻找答案。

3．阅读理解

Eatingredmeatislinkedtocancerandheartdisease,butaretherisksbigenoughtojustifygivingupjuicyburgersanddelicioussteaks?

Probablynot,accordingtoresearcherswhorevieweddatafrom12clinicaltrialsinvolvingabout54,000people.Inaseriesofcontroversialpapers,theresearchersarguethattheincreasedhealthriskstiedtoredmeataresmallanduncertain,andthatcuttingbacklikelywouldn'

tbeworthitforpeoplewhoenjoymeat.

Thoseconclusionsgoagainstestablishedmedicaladvice.TheywereswiftlyattackedbyagroupoffamousU.S.scientistswhotooktheunusualstepoftryingtostopthepapersfrombeingpublisheduntiltheircriticismswereaddressed.

Thenewworkdoesnotsayredorprocessedmeatslikehotdogsandbaconarehealthy,orthatpeopleshouldeatmoreofthem.Theteam'

sreviewsofpaststudiesgenerallysupportthetiestocancer,heartdiseaseandotherbadhealthoutcomes.Buttheauthorssaytheevidenceisweak,andthatthere'

snotmuchcertaintymeatisreallythecause,sinceotherdietandlifestylefactorscouldbeatplay.

Ifthelatestexampleofhowdivisivenutritionresearchhasbecome,withitsuncertaintiesleavingthedooropenforconflictingadvice.Criticssayfindingsoftenaren'

tbackedbystrongevidence.Defenderscounterthatnutritionstudiescanrarelybeconclusivebecauseofthedifficultyofmeasuringtheeffectsofanysinglefood,butthatmethodshaveimproved.

Basedontheiranalyses,theresearcherssaidpeopledonothavetocutbackforhealthreasons.Buttheynotedthattheirownadviceisweak,andacknowledgedthattheydidn'

tconsiderfactorssuchasanimalwelfareandtheenvironment.Indeed,thecasethatmeatproductionisbadforanimalwelfareandtheenvironmentisstrongerthanthecasethatit'

sbadforhumanhealth,accordingtoaneditorialthataccompaniesthereport.

Notallofthereportauthorsagreedwithitsconclusions.Threeofthe14researcherssaidtheysupportreducingredandprocessedmeats.Acoauthorofoneofthereviewsisalsoamongthosewhocalledforapublicationdelay.

Thosewhopushedtopostponepublicationalsoquestionedwhycertainstudieswereincludedinthereviewswhileotherswereleftout.

Asforhisowndiet,Dr.GordonGuyatt,amemberoftheinternationalresearchteamthatconductedthereviews,saidhenolongerthinksredorprocessedmeatshavesignificanthealthrisks.Buthesaidhestillavoidsthemoutofhabit,andforanimalwelfareandenvironmentalreasons.

（1）Whatistheauthor'

spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A.Tointroduceanewrelationshipbetweenhealthandeatingredmeat.

B.Tourgemorepeopletokeepawayfromeatingredmeatregularly.

C.Topresentanewcontroversialviewonimpactsofeatingredmeat.

D.Tocriticizenutritionstudiesforlackingofconclusiveevidence.

（2）Whatistheauthor'

sattitudetowardsthenewresearch?

A.Doubtful.

B.Positive.

C.Disapproving.

D.Objective.

（3）Guyatt'

savoidingredmeatshastheweakestconnectionwith_______.

A.healthrisks

B.diethabits

C.animalwelfare

D.environmentalprotection

（4）Whatcanwelearnfromtherecentresearch?

A.Redmeatsdon'

thavesignificanthealthrisks.

B.Reducingmeatconsumptionwillbeworthit.

C.Thereportauthorshavereachedaconsensus.

D.Consumingredmeatwilldogoodtohealth.

（2）D

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者对于吃红肉是否与癌症和心脏病有关引用了研究发现、结果、例子等客观数据和事实来写这篇文章。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“E