新课标高考英语重点语法范例归总十三类背诵版Word文档下载推荐.docx

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新课标高考英语重点语法范例归总十三类背诵版Word文档下载推荐.docx

采集者

conductv.指挥;

管理conductorn.指挥;

售票员

3.动词+ment→名词

punishv.惩罚punishmentn.惩罚

4.动词/形容词+th→名词

warmadj.温暖的warmthn.温暖

growv.生长growthn.生长

5.形容词+y→名词

difficultadj.困难的difficultyn.困难

honestadj.诚实的honestyn.诚实

6.形容词+ness→名词

kindadj.善良的kindnessn.善良

7.动词+ance→名词

annoyvt.使烦恼annoyancen.生气;

烦恼

8.ship结尾的名词(表示身份;

关系;

资格)

membern.成员;

会员membershipn.会员资格

professorn.教授professorshipn.教授身份

9.ing结尾的名词

gardenn.花园gardeningn.园艺

greetv.打招呼;

问候greetingsn.问候

[针对训练]

语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文)

A

Fromthe1.expression(express)onMary’sface,heknewheleftabad2.impression(impress)onherandifshewonthe3.election(elect)tobecomechairmanoftheEnvironment4.Organization(organize),hecouldnotgether5.permission(permit)tojoinitalthoughhewaswillingtodohisbittoridtheworldof6.pollution(pollute)andtohelppeopleenjoyabetterearth.Whenhewaswonderinghowtochangethisembarrassingsituation,hegot7.inspiration(inspire)fromhiswife’swords.Yes,heshouldtryhisbesttowintheelectionandbecomechairmanhimselfwithhis8.determination(determine)toworkfortheorganization.“Mydear,youarereallyawonderful9.helper(help)!

I’msureIwillbethe10.winner(win)oftheelection.”Hesaidtohiswifeexcitedly.

B

ItwasreallyahardtimewhenLiPingfirstcametotheUnitedStates.His1.earnings(earn)couldhardlycovertheexpenses,sowhenhiswifegave2.birth(bear)totheirseconddaughter,theycouldnotaffordenoughnutritionfood.Soon,poornutritioncausedthe3.death(die)ofthepoorbaby.4.Loneliness(lonely)wasanotherproblembecausetheyhadno5.relations(relate)orfriendsthere.Thankstohis6.bravery(brave)and7.perseverance(persevere),hemanagedtogainthe8.citizenship(citizen)oftheUnitedStatesandintheendhehadhispermanent9.settlement(settle).Healwaystellshischildrenlikethis:

Perseveranceleadsto10.happiness(happy)andsuccess.

二、形容词后缀

1.常见形容词后缀

(1)名词+al→形容词(表示“有……属性”,“与……有关”)

agriculturen.农业   agriculturaladj.农业的

(2)动词+ive→形容词

decidev.决定;

下决心decisiveadj.决定性的;

关键的

(3)动词+able→形容词(表示“能够”,“适于”,“值得”)

changev.变化;

兑换

changeableadj.易变的;

变化无常的

(4)名词+ful→形容词

caren.小心;

关心carefuladj.小心的;

仔细的

(5)名词+less→形容词(意思与原名词相反)

caren.小心;

关心carelessadj.粗心的

(6)名词+ly→形容词

friendn.朋友friendlyadj.友好的

(7)名词+y→形容词

dirtn.污物;

脏物dirtyadj.脏的

(8)名词+ous→形容词

dangern.危险dangerousadj.危险的

2.复合形容词的构成

(1)形容词+ing分词 easygoing随和的

(2)形容词+名词+ed kindhearted善良的;

好心的

(3)名词+ed分词 watercovered被水覆盖的

(4)副词+ed分词 wellwritten写得好的

(5)数词+名词+ed threelegged三条腿的

Ⅰ.阅读下列句子,写出画线单词的意思

1.Itfeelslikeanunbelievablestrokeofluck—offate,really.(2012·

四川高考阅读C)

(    )

2.Thegoodworkingconditioninthiscityisattractive.(    )

3.Youcanrelyonhimbecauseheisreliable.(    )

4.Herwordsstruckfearintoherheartsothatshewassleeplessallnightlong,afraidofbeingkilledunexpectedlysomeday.(    )

5.Itwasafrostycoldmorningwhenhesetofffortheremotevillage.(    )

答案:

1.不可思议的;

难以置信的 2.吸引人的 3.可依赖的;

靠得住的 4.没有睡觉的;

不眠的 5.有霜的

Ⅱ.语篇填空

A:

用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文

Lucylikestalkingandeverybodysayssheismunicative(communicate).Sheis2.active(act)inansweringtheteachers’questionsandfromtimetotimeherclassmatesfindheranswersquite3.impressive(impress)and4.acceptable(accept).Ofcourse,noteverystudentlikesher,butshehasmanyfriendswhothinkLucyisa5.creative(create)and6.helpful(help)girl.Forexample,sheonceleda7.homeless(home)childtoherhomeandmadethechildheryoungersister.Besides,shespent8.countless(count)hourscaringforasickneighboruntilshewaswellagain.Sheis9.friendly(friend)tothosewhohavedifficultywiththeirsubjects.Allinall,Lucyisthemost10.famous(fame)girlinherschool.

B:

运用所学构词知识完成下列短文

Ourjourneywasfarreachingamongstsnowcovered/capped(雪封的)mountainswherenoEnglishspeaking(说英语的)peoplelive.Thelocalpeoplearegoodlooking(相貌好看的),easygoing(随和的)andhardworking(勤劳的).Ourhostesswasoldaged(年老的),whitehaired(白发苍苍的)andsunburnt(被太阳晒伤的).Shegavemehomemade(自家做的)yaksmilkcake,lookingselfsatisfied(自足的)asIenjoyedthisraretreatalthoughverywellknown(著名)andwidespread(广泛流传)aroundhere.IwasexhaustedwhenIfellintothereadymade(准备好了的)bedshepreparedforme.

三、动词词缀

1.前缀en+形容词→动词

enrichv.丰富 enlargev.变大;

增大;

扩大

2.形容词+en→动词

shortenv.缩短 widenv.加宽

3.fy结尾的动词

simplifyv.简化 classifyv.归类

4.ize结尾的动词

realizev.认识到 popularizev.普及

Ⅰ.阅读下列句子,写出画线部分的意思

1.Extracurricularactivitiesenablethestudentstoknowhowtoapplytheknowledgelearnedinthetextbooks.(    )

2.Thetwocountriesaretryingtheirbesttonormalize_their_relationship.(    )

3.Somethinkthatstudyingabroadcanbroaden_their_horizons.(    )

4.Youwillhorrifythebabyifyouspeaktooloudly.(    )

1.使能够 2.使关系正常化 3.拓宽视野 4.使惊惧

Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空

1.Tryyourbesttomemorize(memory)thesenewwords.

2.Thequestionmustbesimplified(simple)sothatwecanfindoutasolutiontoit.

3.Itcostsalotofmoneyifweplantopurify(pure)thewastewater.

4.Hequickened(quick)hisstepstoarrivehomeearlier.

5.Youcanenlarge(large)yourvocabularyifyoukeeponmemorizingsomenewwordseveryday.

四、否定词缀

1.表示否定意义的前缀

un不,非 unable不能够 unlucky不幸的

dis不,非 dishonest不诚实的 discontinuous不连贯的

in不,非 inactive不活跃的 incorrect不正确的

im不,非 impatient不耐烦的 impossible不可能的

ir不,非 irregular不规则的 irresponsible不负责任的

il不,非 illogical不合逻辑的 illegal非法的

non不,非 nonexistent不存在的 nonstop直达的;

连续不断的

mis错误 mislead误导 misunderstand误解

dis+动词(意义相反) dislike不喜欢 disagree不同意

un+动词(意义相反) uncover揭开 undress脱衣服

2.表示否定意义的后缀

名词+less→否定意义的形容词

usen.用处;

用途   uselessadj.无用的

hopen.希望hopelessadj.没有希望的;

绝望的

homen.家homelessadj.无家可归的

Ⅰ.阅读下列短文,写出画线单词的意思

A1.misconceptionwasthatthehightemperaturecausedthebigfire.However,MissWangknewitwasnotthetruestory.Sosheinsistedthatthegovernmentshouldmakethetruthknowntothepublic.WhenMissWangknewthatherappealwas2.disallowed,_shefeltrather3.disappointed.Shedecidedto4.disclosethetruth:

itwashumanerrorsthatweretoblamefortheterribledisaster.Shewantedtotellthepublicaboutthecoldnessofsomeofficials.Shebelievedthatthetruthmustbe5.uncoverednow.

1.____________ 2.____________ 3.____________

4.____________ 5.____________

1.错误观念 2.驳回;

不准许 3.失望的;

沮丧的

4.揭露 5.揭露;

揭发

Ⅱ.语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文)

Thespeechseemedtobe1.nonstop(stop)andthelistenersbecamevery2.impatient_(patient).Whenthespeakersaidthatoilwas3.nonrenewable(renew)andthatthebestwaytosolvetheproblemwasnottomakecarsandbusestoforcepeopletogotoworkorschoolonfoot,theaudiencethoughtitwas4.impractical_(practice)and5.unbearable_(bear)tolistentohimanylonger.They6.disbelieved_(believe)thattheworldwouldgosmoothlywithoutthesemoderntransportations.Theyalsothoughtthatthespeakerwas7.irresponsible(responsible)tomakesuchastatementwithoutthinkingitcarefullyandhisspeechwouldcausesome8.misunderstandings(understand).Somostofthelistenerschosetoleave,shoutingloudlyandangrily.

五、正确使用派生词

1.动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词类后一般接名词或动名词。

如果所给单词是其他词类,就要将其改为名词,并注意名词数的变化。

(1)Doyouknowthedepth(deep)oftheriver?

(2)Hiscarelessness(careful)resultedintheterribleaccident.

(3)Heisoneofthescientists(science)whosupportthistheory.

2.动词、介词后一般接名词或动名词。

所给单词为动词,就要看该动词是否有名词形式。

如果有名词形式,就用其名词形式。

如果该动词没有名词形式,就用其动名词形式。

此外,如果所给动词有名词形式,就要看其后有无宾语。

如果后有宾语,用动名词形式;

后无宾语,则用名词形式。

(1)Pleasepayattention(attend)toyourhandwriting.

动词attend本身有名词形式attention,所以不用动名词attending。

(2)Hisarrival(arrive)madethesituationworse.

动词arrive本身有名词形式arrival,所以不用动名词arriving。

(3)Theteacherwasangryatmycoming(come)late.

动词come没有名词,所以用动名词coming。

(4)Thankyouforyourhelp(help).

Thankyouforhelping(help)me.

(5)Iwashappybecauseofhisappreciation(appreciate).

Iwashappybecauseofhisappreciating(appreciate)myspeech.

上面两组句子中,helping与appreciating后都带有宾语,故用动名词。

help与appreciation后没有宾语,故用名词形式。

3.动词前后、形容词前后可有副词。

如果所需词为副词时,还要考虑副词级的变化。

(1)Theboyranquickly(quick)toschool.

(2)“What’sthat?

”Fathershoutedangrily(angry).

(3)Thelittlegirlisextremely(extreme)eagertoknowtheresultoftheexam.

(4)Yourcompositionisbadly(bad)organized.Pleasedoyourwritingexercisemoreattentively(attend)nexttime.

(5)You’redrivingtoofast.Canyoudriveabitmoreslowly(slow)?

4.名词前面一般可有形容词修饰语。

如果所需词为形容词时,还要考虑形容词级的变化。

(1)What’sthewidest(width)riverintheworld?

(2)Thestronger(strength)webecome,themoremodestweshouldbe.

Ⅰ.用所给单词的适当形式填空

1.Marywasverysadatthenews,soshelookedsadlyatherhusband,hereyesfullofsadness.(sad)

2.Heplayedfootballverywellandhewasoneofthebestplayersinyesterday’sfootballmatch.(play)

3.Look!

HowhappilyKateislaughing!

Sheseemstobethehappiestgirlintheworld.(happy)

4.Tooursatisfaction,_theheadmasterwasverysatisfiedwithourreport.(satisfy)

5.Edisonwasagreatinventor.Duringhislifehehadmanyinventions.(invent)

6.Ishouldsimplifymytaskandmakeitsimpler/simpletofinishit.(simple)

7.Theboyhavingtheappearanceofbeinghalfstarveddisappeared,_nevertobeseenagain.(appear)

8.Thepolicediscoveredthepotanduncoveredaplotagai

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