阅读Word文档格式.docx
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swaysoftalkingshow.Whenamanteachesawoman,saysProfessorTannen,hewantstoshowthathehasmoreknowledge,andhencemorepowerinconversation.Whenawomanteachesanotherwoman,however,sheismorelikelytotakeasharingapproachandtoencourageherstudenttojoinin.ButProfessorTannendoesnotbelievethatwomenarenaturallymorehelpful.Shesayswomenfeeltheyachievepowerbybeingabletohelpothers.Althoughtheresearchsuggestsmentalkandinterruptpeoplemorethanwomen,ProfessorTannensays,womenactuallyencouragethistohappenbecausetheybelieveitwillleadtomoreintimacyandhelptoestablisharelationship.
Somescientistswhoarestudyingspeechthinkthatthebrainispre¬
programmedforlanguage.Asweareusuallytaughttospeakbywomen,itseemslikelythatthebrainmusthaveasexualbias(倾向性)initsprogramming,otherwisemalespeechpatternswouldnotariseatall.
1.Intheopinionofthewriter,womenencouragementotalkbecause
A.itwillleadtomoreintimacyandhelptoestablisharelationship
B.itwillhelptoestablishstatuswiththeirlisteners
C.itwillhelptoexpressmoreclearly
D.itwillhelptocommunicatebetter
2.Thereare_______inlittlegirls'
conversationthaninboys'
.
A.fewerdoubtsB.moredemands
C.moredoubtsD.feweruncertainties
3.Somescientistsbelievethatbrainispre-programmedforlanguage.Theword"
preprogrammed"
means_______.
A.programmedalreadyB.programmedbeforeoneisborn
C.programmedearlyD.programmedbywomen
4.Inprivateconversation,womenspeak
A.thesamethingsasmenB.lessthanmen
C.morethanmenD.asmuchasmen
5.Thethemeofthisarticleis_______.
A.womenarenaturallymorehelpful
B.menandwomentalkdifferentlanguages
C.mentalkmostandinterruptotherspeakersmore
D.littlegirls'
conversationislessdefinite
参考答案:
1.A2.C3.B4.D5.B
Inthelasttwohundredyearstherehavebeengreatchangesinthemethodofproductionofgoods.Thisisnowalsotrueofthebuildingindustry;
formechanizationhasbeenintroduced.Systembuildingcansavebothtimeandmoney.Theprincipleofsystembuildingisthatthebuildingismadefromasetofstandardunits.Theseareeithermadeatthebuilding-siteoratafactory.Somedesigners,infact,arestandardizingthedimensionsofrooms.Theyaremadeinmultiplesofasinglefixedlength,usuallytencentimeters.Thisiscalledamodular(标准件的)system,anditmeansthatmanufacturescanproducestandardizedfittingsatalowercost.Themostimportantfactaboutsystembuildingisitsspeed.Aten-storeyflat,forexample,canbecompletedinfourmonths.
Thereareseveralnewmethodsofsystembuilding.Oneisthepanelmethod.Inthiscase,theconstructioncompanysometimeserectsafactoryonthesite.Thewallsandfloorsofthebuilding,calledpanels,arecastinahorizontalorverticalposition.Conduitsforelectricalwiresandsleevesforpipesarecastinthepanelswhentheyarebeingmade.Themouldsformakingthesecastingsaresituatedallaroundthebuilding.
Aftertheconcretepanelsarecast,theyareallowedtosetandhardenforaweek.Nexttheyareliftedbyatowercraneontoanysectionofthebuilding.Therethepanelsarecementedtogetherattheirjointsandthefloorcoveringislaid.
Afterthepanelshavebeencementedtogether,thecraneliftsacaseintothearea.Itcontainsallthefittingstobeinstalled,suchaswash-basins,radiatorsandpipes.Finishingtradesmen,suchasplumbers,plasterers,paintersandelectricians,followbehindtocompletethework.
Insomebuildingdevelopments,insomecountries,wholeflatswithinternalfeaturesliketheirbathrooms,bedroomsandconnectingstairs,andweighingasmuchastwentytons,arecarriedtothebuilding-siteready-made.Agiantoverheadcraneisusedtoliftthemintoposition.Inthefuture,thismethodmaybecomemorewidespread.
1.Themaindifferencebetweenpanelmethodandthemethoddiscussedinthelastparagraphis_______.
A.thelatterusesready-madeinternalfeatures
B.panelsarecastinalevelposition
C.theformerisusedtobuildwallsandfloorswhilethelattertoconstructbathroomsorbedrooms
D.theformerismoreexpensivethanthelatter
2.WhichofthesestatementsisTRUEofsystembuilding?
A.Itemploysmoremen.B.Itisdifficultanddangerous.
C.Itcansavebothtimeandmoney.D.Itmeanslessmechanization.
3.Accordingtothepassage,theprincipleofsystembuildingisthat_______.
A.constructionmethodsaresafer
B.buildingsaremadefromasetofstandardizedunits
C.similarbuildingscanbeproduced
D.allunitsareproducedonthesite
4.Theusualfixedlengthinthemodularsystemis_______.
A.twentycentimetersB.tenmillimeters
C.fiftycentimetersD.tencentimeters
5.Whatliftstheconcretepanelsontothebuilding?
A.Cranes.B.Man-power.
C.Pulleys.D.Hydraulicjacks.
1.A2.C3.B4.D5.A
The"
standardofliving"
ofanycountrymeanstheaverageperson'
sshareofthegoodsandserviceswhichthecountryproduces.Acountry'
sstandardofliving,therefore,dependsfirstandforemostonitscapacitytoproducewealth."
Wealth"
inthissenseisnotmoney,forwedonotliveonmoneybutonthingsthatmoneycanbuy:
"
goods"
suchasfoodandclothing,and"
services"
suchastransportandentertainment.
Acountry'
scapacitytoproducewealthdependsuponmanyfactors,mostofwhichhaveaneffectononeanother.Wealthdependstoagreatextentuponacountry'
snaturalresources,suchascoal,gold,andotherminerals,watersupplyandsoon.Someregionsoftheworldarewellsuppliedwithcoalandminerals,andhaveafertilesoilandafavorableclimate;
otherregionspossessperhapsonlyoneofthesethings,andsomeregionspossessnoneofthem.TheU.S.Aisoneofthewealthiestregionsoftheworldbecauseshehasvastnaturalresourceswithinherborders,hersoilisfertile,andherclimateisvaried.TheSaharaDesert,ontheotherhand,isoneoftheleastwealthy.
Nexttonaturalresourcescomestheabilitytoturnthemtouse.ChinaisperhapsaswelloffastheU.S.A.innaturalresources,butsufferedformanyyearsfromcivilandexternalwars,andforthisandotherreasonswas.unabletodevelopherresources.Soundandstablepoliticalconditions,andfreedomfromforeigninvasion,enableacountrytodevelopitsnaturalresourcespeacefullyandsteadily,andtoproducemorewealththananothercountryequallywellservedbynaturebutlesswellordered.Anotherimportantfactoristhetechnicalefficiencyofacountry'
speople.Oldcountriesthathave,throughmanycenturies,trainedupnumerousskilledcraftsmenandtechniciansarebetterplacedtoproducewealththancountrieswhoseworkersarelargelyunskilled.Wealthalsoproduceswealth.Asacountrybecomeswealthier,itspeoplehavealargemarginforsaving,andcanputtheirsavingsintofactoriesandmachineswhichwillhelpworkerstoturnoutmoregoodsintheirworkingday.
1.Acountry'
swealthdependsupon______.,
A.itsstandardofliving
B.itsmoney
C.itsabilitytoprovidegoodsandservices
D.itsabilitytoprovidetransportandentertainment
2.Theword"
foremost"
means______.
A.mostimportantlyB.firstly
C.largelyD.forthemostpart
3.Themainideaofthesecondparagraphisthat______.
A.acountry'
swealthdependsonmanyfactors
B.theU.S.A.isoneofthewealthiestcountriesintheworld
C.theSaharaDesertisaverypoorregion
D.naturalresourcesareanimportantfactorinthewealthorpovertyofacountry
4.Thethirdparagraphmentionssomeoftheadvantageswhichonecountrymayhaveoveranotherinmakinguseofitsresources.Howmanysuchadvantagesarementionedinthisparagraph?
A.2B.3
C.4D.5
1.C2.A3.A4.B
Wesometimesthinkhumansareuniquelyvulnerabletoanxiety,butstressseemstoaffecttheimmunedefensesofloweranimalstoo.Inoneexperiment,forexample,behavioralimmunologist(免疫学家)MarkLaudenslager,attheUniversityofDenver,gavemildelectricshocksto24rats.Halftheanimalscouldswitchoffthecurrentbyturningawheelintheirenclosure,whiletheotherhalfcouldmot.Theratsinthetwogroupswerepairedsothateachtimeoneratturnedthewheelitprotectedbothitselfanditshelplesspartnerfromtheshock.Laudenslagerfoundthattheimmuneresponsewasdepressedbelownormalinthehelplessratsbutnotinthosethatcouldturnofftheelectricity.Whathehasdemonstrated,hebelieves,isthatlackofcontroloveranevent,nottheexperienceitself,iswhatweakenstheimmunesystem.
Otherresearchersagree.JayWeiss,apsychologistat