从红字荆棘鸟Word文件下载.docx
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Abstract
Loveistheeternalthemeinhumanlife.However,lovechangesmuchbecauseoftheinfluenceofasceticism.Althoughloveisatragedy,thespiritofmaincharacterslongingforloveandstrugglingwiththedoctrineofreligionsisworthlearning.Itcanalsobelearnedthattheasceticismrestrainsthehumannatureandresultsinthedestruction.
ThisthesiswilldealwiththeinfluenceofasceticismonloveinTheScarletLetterandTheThornBirds.TheinfluencereflectsmainlyintheleadingcharactersDimmesdaleandRalph.Bothofthemarepriestsandfallinlove.Theworseisthateachofthemhasachild.However,theyhavetoabandontheirbelovedbecauseoftheasceticism,andtheybeartoomuchtorture.Sotragedycannotbeavoided.
KeyWords
Love;
desire;
tragedy;
asceticism
摘 要
爱情是人类永恒的话题.可是在西方社会中,爱情由于宗教禁欲主义的影响发生了一些变化,带有了一定的悲剧色彩。
在西方描写神职人员爱情的文学作品中,虽然他们的爱情是悲剧,但他们那种为了爱情而努力奋斗,甚至和宗教做抗争的精神使我们振奋。
从中我们也能深刻的感受到宗教对人性的摧残。
本篇论文将从《红字》和《荆棘鸟》两部作品中的主要人物丁梅斯代尔和拉尔夫来看宗教禁欲主义对他们内心的摧残和折磨,从而导致的悲剧.丁梅斯代尔和拉尔夫都是牧师,却同样陷入了感情之中。
但是因为宗教的禁欲主义,他们不能接触爱情,一旦有了感情就要经受很多折磨和痛苦。
所以悲剧的产生是必然的。
关键词
爱情;
欲望;
悲剧;
禁欲主义
Introduction
Love,oneofthemostbeautifulandromanticemotioninhumanlife,hasbeenstrugglingwithAsceticisminwesternsociety.Justbecauseofthis,love,themostbeautifulfeelinginhuman’sheart,isbothadreamandapunishmentintheeyesofclergymenunderAsceticism.Therefore,loveofclergymeninthewesternliteraryworksendsintragedy.ThispaperwilldealwiththelovetragedyunderAsceticisminTheScarletLetterandTheThornBirds.
TheScarletLetteriswrittenbyNathanielHawthorne.ThestoryhappenedinthebackgroundofAmericancolonyruledbyPuritaninthesixteenthcentury.TheleadingcharactersinthisnovelDimmesdaleandHesterfallinlovewitheachother.ButDimmesdaleisapriest.BeforehemeetsHester,hehasdevotedhimselftotheGod.Inthispaper,youcanlearnDimmesdale’smixedfeeling.HelovesHester,buthemustabidebytheruleofPuritan.Pearl’sbirthnotonlysendsHestertotheprisonandHesterissentencedtowearthescarletletter“A”allherlife,butalsogivesDimmesdalemorespiritualtorture,becauseDimmesdalehasnocouragetoconfesshissin.Heisafraidoflosinghisfame,hisstatusandthepunishmentofreligion.Thetorturehesufferingisnotsomuchcomingfromhisconscienceascomingfromtheforbiddenofasceticism.Therefore,itisasceticismthatresultsinthetragedylovebetweenDimmesdaleandHester.
InTheThornBirds,Ralphhasmorethanonechancetochoosehisownlife,whichisnotcontrolledbythedoctrineofreligion.Inordertogetthepower,fameandhiscareer,Ralphabandonshislove.Hischoiceprovideshimwiththepower,andforbidshimselfatthesametime.Butontheotherhand,hecannotforgetMeggieandherealizestheimportancethatMeggiemeanstohimgradually.Atthattime,thereligiousdoctrineshavetakenbackhisrightstayingwithMeggie.Therefore,thetragedyhappensinevitably.
Inaword,Asceticismiscruelandinhumantothepriestsinwesternsociety.Itstranglestoomuchloveandresultedintoomanytragedies.
I.LoveinGuiltyandSelf-accusation—TragedyunderAsceticisminTheScarletLetter
A.TheBriefContentsofTheScarletLetter
TheScarletLetterwrittenbyNathanielHawthornediscussestheoriginalsinofhumanbeingthroughthelovetragedybetweenHesterPrynneandArthurDimmesdalewiththebackgroundofAmericancolonyruledbyPuritaninsixteenthcentury.ThestorytellsaboutthelifeoftheresidentunderthesurroundingofpersecutionderivedfromtheineradicablereligioninMassachusettsofBostoninNewEnglandinpublic.ThesymbolofAsceticisminthisarticleisthescarletletter“A”.Thefourleadingactorsare:
HesterPrynne,awomanwithherbelovedbutlivingininjurybecauseofadultery;
ArthurDimmesdale,ahandsomeandeducatedyoungman,atonetime,whosebehaviorsandwordsaregenerallyregardedasdivinesignamongallinhabitantsinthatplaceandgodlypastorofHester.However,hefallsinlovewithHesterandbecauseheisaminister,sotheirloveisforbidden,theymustfacethelovetragedy;
bycontraries,RogerChillingworth,husbandofHester,isanuglyoldmanbeingabothskillfulphysicianandsurgeon.Unfortunately,hepursuestorevengeforthehumiliationbyDimmesdalewithtakingcareatthesametime,diggingathimformonstrouscontentment.Seenfromanotherangle,heisalsoavictimofAsceticism.ThelastroleissmallPearl,thedaughterofHesterandDimmesdale.
Thestorybeginsinthesixteenth-centuryinBoston.Atthattime,itwasapuritansettlement.Therefore,theethicswaspuritan’sasceticism.TheatmosphereatthattimewasratherdepressingbytheruleofSternPuritan.Peopleregardedexploringtheirrealfeelingasashame.HesterisawomanwhowasreleasedfromthetownprisonwithherillegalinfantdaughterPearl.Hesterisfoundadulterousguiltyandsentencedtowearascarletlettertoshowhersin.Hester’shusband,ascholarmucholderthanhersendsheraheadtoAmerican,buthedoesnotarrivedinBoston.Therefore,Hesterthinkshehasdead.Thefactisthathehaslostatsea.Whilewaitingforherhusband,HesterhasloveaffairwithayoungministerArthurDimmesdale.Hester’shusband,whoisnowpracticingmedicineandcallinghimselfChillingworth,intendsonrevengewhenheescapesandarrivesatBoston.Forthereasonthathewantstofindthe“truecriminal”,hebecomesanothervictimofasceticism.
ReadersofteninterpretTheScarletLetterasataleofsin.However,thisnovelismuchmorealovestorybetweenHesterandDimmesdalethaneverythingelse.Throughthestrongemphasisoflove,Pearl’spresenceandDimmesdale’storture,itcanbeidentifiedasataleofromance.
B.Dimmesdale’sTragedy
Dimmesdale,thehiddenscarletletter,diesaftersufferingthelongtortureandself-punishment.
Lifeishard,butacceptingthatfactmakesiteasier.Thiscommonphrasehasbeenproventrueinmanypeople’slives,butitisalsoaharshfactthatDimmesdale,thekeycharacterintheScarletLetter,havetoface.InthistwistedstoryofdeceptionandadulterysetinthePuritanera,HawthorneintroducesDimmesdaleasaweakandcowardlymanwhorefusestotakeresponsibilityforhisactions.Yet,atlast,hefreeshimselfthroughfacinghissinbeforeitistoolate,ultimatelyfindinghappiness.
InTheScarletLetter,NathanielHawthorneutilizesimagerytoconveythatDimmesdalecanrepresentPuritansocietyratherthanroundcharacterthatcanbeseenonthesurfacelevel.Thisisseenthroughtheimageryandsymbolismofhypocrisy,DimmesdaleasaChristfigure,andthescarletletter.Livinginsuchsurrounding,asaminister,becauseofthelove,hedropsintheabyssofmisery.
Inthisarticle,HawthornedescribesDimmesdaleas“avilercompanionofthevilest,theworseofsinners,”(Hawthorne,2001)eventhoughDimmesdaleisseenasthemostholymaninthePuritancommunity.OnereallycannotunderstandDimmesdaleorhisdilemmawithoutatleastacursoryunderstandingofthePuritanswhoinhabitedBostonatthistimeandbecauseheisinthedilemmaofthelovetoHesterandPearlandtheloyaltytotheGod,soitisdestinedthatheisatragiccharacter.
Dimmesdaleisaminister,lovemeanssintohim.ButhelovesHester.Fromthispoint,heisnotonlyasinnertoGodbutalsoaloverofHesterandafathertoPearl.Helivesinthisdilemmaandcannotgetawayfromit.
Asaminister,Dimmesdalehasavoicethatconsolesandanabilitytoswayaudience.Hiscongregationadoreshimandhisparishionersseekhisadvice.Asaminister,Dimmesdalemustbeabovereproach,andthereisnoquestionthatheexcelsathisprofessionandenjoysareputationamonghisministryaidspeopleinleadinggoodlives.Ifhepubliclyconfesses,hewilllosehisabilitytobeeffectiveinthisregard.
ForDimmesdale,however,hiseffectivenessbetrayshisdesiretoconfess.Themorehesuffersthebetterhissermonsbecome.Themorehewhipshimself,themoreeloquentheisonSundayandthemorehiscongregationworshipshiswords.Nevertheless,Hawthornestatesinchapter20,“Noman,foranyconsiderableperiod,canwearonefacetohimself,andanothertothemultitude,withoutfinallygettingbewilderedastowhichmaybetrue.”(Hawthorne,2001)
Dimmesdale’sstruggleisdarkandhispenanceishorrifyingashetriestounravelhismystery.Inchapter11,“TheInteriorofaHeart,”(Hawthorne,2001)Dimmesdalestruggledwithhissin,hisinabilitytodiscloseittoPuritansociety,hisdesireforpenance,heknowshisactionshavefallenshortofbothGod’sstandardsandhisown,andhefearsthisrepresentshislackofsalvation.Inanattempttoseeksalvation,hefastsuntilhefaintsandwhipshimselfontheshouldersuntilhebleeds.However,thesepunishmentaredoneinprivateratherthaninpublicanddonotprovidethecleansingDimmesdaleseeksandneeds.
Asasinner,Dimmesdaleisweakenedtotemptation.Asdemonstratedlater,hisweakenedconditionmakesiteasierforhimtoassociatehimselfwithBlackManintheforest.Hiscongregationsexpecthimtobeaboveothermortals,andhislifeandthoughtsmustexistonahigherspiritualplantthanothers.Accordingly,hiswonderfulsermonsareapplaudedbyallforareasonhislistenersdonotunderstand.Sinandagonyhaveenabledtheintellectualscholar-ministertorecognizeandemphasizedwithothersinners.
HawthornewritesaboutoneofDimmesdale’ssermonsthatare,“addressedtothemultitudeadiscourseonsin,inallitsbranches.”(Hawthorne,2001)InDimmesdale’ssermons,hespeaks