专八真题点评王长喜0Word格式文档下载.docx

专八真题点评王长喜0Word格式文档下载.docx

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——arthistory:

politicalvalues,emotions,everydaylife,etc.

B.Significanceofstudy

Moreinformationandbetterunderstandingofhumansocietyandcivilization.

Ⅱ. 

Typesofinformation

A.Informationinhistorybookis

（2）objective

——facts,butnoopinions.

B.Informationinarthistoryissubjective

——（3）personalemotionsandopinions

e.g.—Spanishpainters’works:

misuseofgovernmentalpower

—Mexicanartists’works:

attitudestowardssocialproblems

Ⅲ.Artasareflectionofreligiousbeliefs

A.Europe:

（4）biblicalstoriesinpicturesinchurches

B.MiddleEast:

picturesofflowersandpatternsinmosques,palaces

Reason:

humanand（5）animalimagesarenotseenasholy

C.AfricaandthePacificIslands:

Masks,headdressesandcostumesinspecialceremonies

Purpose:

toseekthehelpof（6）Godstoprotectcrops,animalsandpeople

Ⅳ.PerceptionsofArt

Howpeopleseeartisrelatedtotheirculturalbackground

A.EuropeansandAmericans

—（7）decoration

—expressionofideas

B.Peopleinotherplaces

—partofeverydaylife

—（8）practicaluse

Ⅴ.Artasareflectionofsocialchanges

A.Causeofchanges:

（9）influence/interactionofdifferentcultures

B.Changes

—tribalpeople:

effectsof（10）urbanizationonartforms

—Europeanartists:

influenceofAfricantraditionalartintheirworks

—AmericanandCanadianartists:

studyofJapanesepainting.

中间

Goodmorning,today’slectureistheveryfirstofaseriesoflecturesonarthistory,soI’dliketospendsometimediscussingwithyouthefollowingtopic:

Whydoweneedtostudyarthistory?

Andwhatcanwelearnfromit?

Firstofall,I’dsay,ifyoustudyarthistory,thismightbeagoodwaytolearnmoreaboutaculturethanit’spossibletolearningeneralhistoryclasses.Youknow,

（1）mosttypicalhistorycoursesconcentrateonpolitics,economicsandwar,butarthistoryfocusesonmuchmorethanthis.Becauseartreflectsnotonlythepoliticalvaluesofapeople,butalsotheirreligiousbeliefs,emotionsetc.Inaddition,informationaboutthedailyactivitiesofourancestorscanbeprovidedbyart,likewhatpeopledidforaliving,whatkindofdresstheywore,whatceremoniestheyheldetc.Inshort,artcanexpresstheessentialqualitiesofatimeandaplace,andthestudyofitclearlyoffersusadeeperunderstandingthancanbefoundinmosthistorybooksandenablesustolearnmorethingsabouthumansocietyandcivilization.

ThesecondpointI’dliketomakeisaboutthetypeofinformation.

（2）Inhistorybooks,informationisobjective,thatis,factsaboutpoliticaleconomiclifeofacountryaregiven,butopinionsarenotexpressed.Art,ontheotherhand,issubjective.（3）Itreflectspersonalemotionsandopinions.Forexample,FranciscoGoyawasagreatSpanishpainterandalsoperhapsthefirsttrulypoliticalartist.Inhisfamouspainting,TheThirdofMay1808,heshowedsoldiersshootingagroupofsimplepeople.Hisdescriptionofsoldiersandtheirvictimshasbecomeasymboloftheenormouspowerorthemisuseofthispowerthatthegovernmentcanhaveoveritspeople.Over100yearslater,onanothercontinent,thepowerfulpaintingsofMexicanartistsdepictedtheirdeepangerandsadnessaboutsocialproblems.Insummary,throughartyoucanfindapersonalandemotionalviewofhistory.

Thirdly,artcanreflectaculture’sreligiousbeliefs.ForhundredsofyearsinEurope,religiousartwasalmosttheonlytypeofartthatexisted.（4）ChurchesandotherreligiousbuildingswerefilledwithpaintingsthatshowedpeopleandstoriesfromtheBible.（5）Bycontrast,oneofthemaincharacteristicsofartintheMiddleEastwas（andstillis）,itsabsenceofhumanandanimalimages.ThisreflectstheIslamicbeliefthattheseimagesareunholy.Thus,onpalaces,mosquesandotherbuildings,Islamicartistshavecreateduniquedecorationofgreatbeautywithimagesofflowersofgeometricforms,forexample,circles,squaresandtriangles.Thesameistrueofotherplaces,likeAfricaandPacificIslands.Artalsoreflectsthereligiousbeliefsoftraditionalculturesintheseplaces.Asamatteroffact,religionisthepurposeforthisartandit’s,therefore,absolutelyessentialtoit.TraditionalartinAfricaandPacificIslandsisdifferentfromChristianart.Christianartinfluencespeople’sreligiousfeelingstowardsGod.（6）ButthegoaloftraditionalartinAfricaandPacificIslandsistheinfluenceofspiritualpowers,thatisgodstoenterpeople’slives.Eachtribeorvillagetherehadspecialceremonieswithsongsanddancestomakesurethatcrops,animalsandpeoplearehealthyandincreasinginnumber.Thedancersintheceremonieswearmasks,headdressesandcostumesthattheybelievearenecessarytoinfluencegods.Sothesemasks,headdressesthemselves,arerevelrypartoftheart.

Aswesaid,artdependsonculture,differentformsofartresultfromdifferentcultures.Similarly,thewaythatpeopleviewartalsodependsontheirculturalbackground.Thisismyfourthpoint.（7）FormostEuropeansandAmericans,artismainlyfordecoration.Itissomethingonamuseumwallorinaglasscase.Itmakestheirhomesmoreattractive.Peoplelookatitandadmireit:

“Oh,whatabeautifulpainting!

”Besides,ideasareexpressedinthisart.Thisisawonderfulstatue,andadmiringit,Imightsay:

“Itmakessuchastronganti-warstatement.”Butinotherplaces,artisnotconsideredtobeseparatedfromeverydayexistence.（8）Ithasafunction,ithasapracticalroletoplayinpeople’slives.Apersoninatribalsocietymightlookatamaskandsay:

“Oh,thisisagoodmask.Itwouldkeepmyhousesafe.”Inbrief,thewayinwhichpeopleenjoyorappreciateartdependsontheirculture.

Toconcludemylecture,wecansaythatartisareflectionofvariouscultures.（9）Butatthesametime,wehavetorememberthatartalsoreflectsthechangesinsocietythattakeplacewhendifferentculturesinfluenceoneanother.（10）Aspeoplefromtribalsocietiesmovetourbanareas,theirvaluesandbeliefschangeaccordinglyandtheirtraditionalartformsbegintolosetheirfunction.Atthesametime,urbanartistsbegintolearnalotfromtraditionalart.Forexample,AfricanmasksandfigureshadagreatinfluenceonPicasso’sworks.AndmanyAmericanandCanadianartistsstudythesimplicityofJapanesepainting.Theresultisthatastheworldgetssmaller,theartofeachculturebecomesmoreinternational.

OK,thisbringsustotheendofourlecture.Ihopethataftertoday’slecture,you’llunderstandbetterthesignificanceofthestudyofarthistory.Artenablesustoknowmoreabouthumanhistory,forexample,people’sviewsandopinionsaboutcertainhistoricalevents,andwhat’smoreimportant,aboutdifferentcultures,theirreligiousbeliefs,perceptionofartetc.

右栏

1.信息辨认

【解析】本题涉及普通历史与艺术史在主要内容上的区别，这在讲座一开始就被提到。

原文提到普通历史主要涉及politics,economicsandwar，而艺术史涉及的内容不止于此。

根据要求，填入的单词不能超过3个，故答案为politics,economics,war。

原句中的mosttypicalhistorycourses即指generalhistory。

2.信息辨认

【解析】文章在讲了普通历史与艺术史在主要内容上的差异之后，接着介绍两者所提供信息的不同。

根据Informationinarthistoryissubjective可推测本空填objective。

录音中的Inhistorybooks,informationisobjective印证了推测。

3.信息辨认

【解析】演讲者在阐述艺术史信息是主观的（Art,ontheotherhand,issubjective.）时，用了这句话Itreflectspersonalemotionsandopinions.来说明。

因此空白处应填personalemotions。

4.信息转述

【解析】本题所在处针对艺术反映宗教信仰进行具体说明。

讲座中首先提到欧洲几百年来唯一存在的一种艺术是宗教艺术，教堂和其他宗教建筑物里挂满了来自圣经的人物和故事的图画。

根据考题不多于3个字的要求，将原句中的peopleandstoriesfromtheBible转化为biblicalstories。

5.信息辨认

【解析】讲座接着谈到在中东，艺术是如何反映宗教信仰的：

中东地区艺术的主要特征之一是艺术作品中没有人类和动物形象，这是因为伊斯兰教认为这些图像是亵渎神明的。

“这些图像”即指人类和动物形象，因此空缺处应填入animalimages。

6.信息推断

【解析】在提及中东的艺术之后，演讲者又提到非洲和太平洋群岛地区传统艺术的目的：

让众神进入人们的生活（thegoaloftraditionalart…isgodstoenterpeople’slives），随后对该点进行说明：

每个部落或村落都有一些特殊仪式，在这些仪式上，人们穿着特殊服装载歌载舞以感化众神，确保庄稼、动物和人类健康、壮大。

综合而言答案为Gods。

7.信息辨认

【解析】演讲者第四点内容说的是人们对待艺术的方式取决于人们的文化背景。

演讲者首先提到“对于大多数欧洲人和美国人来说，艺术主要用于装饰。

再者艺术用于表达思想。

”故本空应填decoration。

8.信息辨认

【解析】演讲者接下来提到“在其他地区，艺术与日常生活不可分割。

艺术在人们的生活中有实用功能（hasapracticalroletoplay）。

”因此答案为practical。

9.信息转述

【解析】演讲者最后总结出艺术是不同文化的体现。

紧接着又指出艺术也反映了社会变化，这种变化是随着不同文化之间相互影响而发生的。

因而空缺处填influence或interaction。

10.信息推断

【解析】文章在阐释不同文化相互影响带来变化时给出具体例证：

部落人搬到都市之后，他们的价值观和信仰随之改变，传统的艺术形式失去作用，由此推断，都市化进程对原始部落的艺术形式有影响，因此空白处应填urbanization。

SECTIONBINTERVIEW

【听前预测】由题干中的Nigel，problems，airtravel，suggest，businesstravelers，inexperiencedtravelers，mistakes可以推测，该对话中Nigel向另一位人士谈到了旅客乘飞机旅行碰到的一些问题，并针对商务旅行给出了一些建议，还指出了没有经验的旅客常犯的几个错误等。

W:

NigelLingeiseditorofBusinessTravelWeekly.Nigel,thanksforbeingontheshow.Now,whatkindofproblemsdoairlinepassengersfacenowadays?

M:

Well,[1]mostoftheproblemsarecausedbytheheavyvolumeoftraffic.Youknow,allairportshavealimittothenumberoftake-offsandlandingstheycanhandle.

Sowhatseemstobetheproblem?

Allflightsfromabusyairportarriveandleaveatmoreorlessthesametime.If60aircraftarescheduledtotakeoffbetween5p.m.and5:

15,andtheairportcanonlyhandle120anhour,thatmeanssomewillalwaysbelatelandingortaking-off.Andiftheweatherisbad,oh,youcanimaginewhatthesituationislike.Sopassengershavetobeloadedintoeachplane,andthentheplaneshavetolineuptotakeoff.

Sowaitingattheloungeorontheplaneisquitecommon.

Certainly.Andanotherproblemthat’sverycommonisover-booking.Quiteoftenyouhearanannouncementontheairportloudspeakers:

“Wehaveoversoldonthisflightandwouldlikevolunteerstogoonthenextflightout.”[2]Ifyoudecidetovolunteer,youmaygeta