RhetoricalDevicesWord下载.docx

RhetoricalDevicesWord下载.docx

《RhetoricalDevicesWord下载.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《RhetoricalDevicesWord下载.docx（8页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

exactrepetitioninequivalentpositions

aconstructioninwhichitisnecessarytobalancewordforword,phrasewithphrase,clausewithclause,sentencewithsentence

Weshallfightonthebeaches,weshallfightonthelandinggrounds,weshallfightinthefieldsandinthestreets,weshallfightinthehills;

weshallneversurrender,andevenif,whichIdonotforamomentbelieve,thisislandoralargepartofitweresubjugatedandstarving,thenourEmpirebeyondtheseas,armedandguardedbytheBritishfleet,wouldcarryonthestruggle,untilinGod'

sgoodtime,thenewworld,withallitspowerandmight,stepsforwardtotherescueandliberationoftheold.（W.Churchill）

Leteverynationknow,whetheritwishesuswellorill,thatweshallpayanyprice,bearanyburden,meetanyhardship,supportanyfriend,opposeanyfoetoassurethesurvivalandsuccessofliberty.

Foreachchapter,thereweremoreideasIwantedtodiscussthanspaceallowed;

morepeopletoincludethancouldbenamed;

moreplacesvisitedthancouldbedescribed.

在每一章里，都有些想法限于篇幅而无法讨论，有些人物未能提及，一些访问过的地方没能描述。

DuringmyyearsasFirstLady,Ibecameabetterstudentofhowgovernmentcanservepeople,howCongressreallyworks,howpeopleperceivepoliticsandpolicythroughthefilterofthemediaandhowAmericanvaluescanbetranslatedintoeconomicandsocialprogress.

在当第一夫人的那段时间里，我更好地学习到政府如何为人民服务，国会实际如何运作，人们如何透过传媒的过滤理解政治和政策，美国的价值观如何转换成经济和社会的进步。

4.antithesis（对照）:

thedeliberatearrangementofcontrastingwordsorideasinbalancedstructuralformstoachieveforceandemphasis

afigureofspeechinwhichirreconcilableoppositesorstronglycontrastingideasareplacedinsharpjuxtapositionandsustainedtension

5.inversion（倒装）:

toreversethenormalorderofwordsinabasicsentencepattern

reversaloftheusualornaturalorderofwords

6.ellipsis（省略）:

figureofspeechinwhichoneormorewordsnecessarytothecompletegrammaticalconstruction,butnottothesense,ofasentenceareomitted;

theomittedwordsareunderstoodbyimplication

7.repetition（重复）:

inrhetoric,theiterationorrepeatingofthesamewords,orofthemeaningindifferentwords,forthepurposeofmakingadeeperimpressionontheaudience

8.anaphora（首语重复）:

repetitionofawordorword-grouptobeginsuccessivephrases,clauses,sentences,orlinesofpoetry

afigureinwhichthesamewordorwordsarerepeatedatthebeginningofsucceedingversesorclauses

9.epiphora（尾语重复）:

inrhetoric,therepetitionofawordorphraseattheendofseveralsentencesorstanzas

10.climax（渐进）:

afigureinwhichanumberofpropositionsorideasaresetforthsoastoformaseriesinwhicheachrisesabovetheprecedinginforceoreffectivenessofexpression

theprogressionofthoughtatauniformoralmostuniformrateofsignificanceorintensity

11.anti-climaxorbathos（突降）:

astylisticdevicethatmayoccurwithinassmallaunitasthesentence:

somethingtrivialfollowingsomethingofimportance

theusuallysuddentransitioninwritingorspeakingfromanideaofsignificanceordignitytoanideatrivialorludicrousbycomparisonespeciallyatthecloseofaseries,sentence,orpassage

adevicethatinvolvesstatingone'

sthoughtsinadescendingorderofsignificanceorintensity

WhenGeorgetheFourthwasstillreigningovertheprivaciesofWindsor,whentheDukeofWellingtonwasPrimeMinister,andMr.VincywasmayoroftheoldcorporationinMiddlemarch,Mrs.Casaubon,bornDorotheaBrooke,hadtakenherweddingjourneytoRome.

12.rhetoricalquestions（修辞性疑问）:

aquestionthatisaskedtoimplyadefiniteanswer

aquestionasked,asinoratoryorwriting,onlyforrhetoricaleffect,toemphasizeapoint,introduceatopic,ect.,noanswerbeingexpected.

13.apostrophe（呼语）:

afigureofspeech,bywhichaspeakerorwritersuddenlystopsinhisdiscourse,andturnstoaddresspointedlysomepersonorthing,eitherpresentorabsent;

anexclamatoryaddress

adeviceinwhichaperson,athing,aplace,anidea,anabstractquality,etc.,isaddressedasifpresent,listeningtoandunderstandingwhatisbeingsaid

14.alliteration（头韵）:

thesameconsonantsoundisrepeatedatintervalsintheinitialpositionofwords

15.assonance（准押韵，半谐音）:

the"

echoing"

or"

resemblance"

ofvowelsoundsinthestressedsyllablesofasequenceofwords

asimilarityofsoundbetweenwordsorsyllables

16.onomatopoeia（拟声）:

wordformationbasedontheimitationofnaturalsounds

17.simile（明喻）:

afigureofspeechinvolvingacomparisonbetweentwounlikeentities;

theresemblanceisexplicitlyindicatedbythewords"

like"

as"

.

afigureofspeechwhichmakesacomparisonbetweentwounlikeelementshavingatleastonequalityorcharacteristicincommon.Wordslikeas,as…so,andlikeareusedtotransferthequalityweassociatewithonetotheother.

18.metaphor（暗喻）:

afigureofspeechthat,presuppposingasimilarityoftwoormorethings,denotesoneofthembytermsproperlyorliterallysignifyingtheother,asiftheywereidentical

afigureofspeechthatmakescomparisonbetweentwounlikeelements;

thecomparisonisimpliedratherthanstated

19.analogy（类比）:

whenusedtodescribeorexplain,itclarifiessomeneworabstractconceptbycomparingthisconcepttosomethingmoreconcreteandfamiliar.

afigureofspeechembodyinganextendedorelaboratecomparisonbetweentwothingsorsituations

20.personification（拟人）:

afigurethatendowsobjects,animals,ideas,orabstractionswithhumanform,character,orsensibility

afigureofspeechthatgiveshumanformorfeelingstoanimals,orlifeandpersonalattributestoinanimateobjects,ortoideasandabstractions

21.metonymy（借代，换喻）:

adeviceoffigurativelanguageinwhichthenameofanattributeorassociatedthingissubstitutedfortheusualnameofathing.

figureofspeechinwhichthenameofanobjectorconceptisreplacedwithawordcloselyrelatedtoorsuggestedbytheoriginal

afigureofspeechthathastodowiththesubstitutionofthenameofonethingforthatofanother;

thesubstitutednamemaybeanattributeofthatotherthingorbecloselyassociatedwithit

22.synedoche（提喻）:

afigureofspeechbywhichapartisputforthewhole,thewholeforthepart,thespeciesforthegenus,thegenusforthespecies,orthenameofthematerialforthethingmade

atypeoftransferenceofmeaningwhichinvolvesthesubstitutionofapartforthewhole,orthewholeforthepart

23.antonomasia（换称）:

thesubstitutionofanotherdesignationforacommonobvious,ornormalone,orthegivingofapropernamethatnamesorsuggestsaleadingquality

afigureofspeechinwhichanepithet,orthenameofanofficeordesignationissubstitutedforapropername;

alsointhisfigure,apropernameismadetostandforanideaorcharacterisitcassociatedwiththename

24.syllepsis（一笔双叙）

afigureinrhetoricbywhichaworddoesdutyinasentenceinthesamesyntacticalrelationtotwoormorewordsbuthasadifferentsenseinrelationtoeach

afigurebywhichaword,oraparticularformorinflectionofaword,referstotwoormorewordsinthesamesentence,whileproperlyapplyingtooragreeingwithonlyoneofthemingrammarorsyntax

25.zeugma（轭式搭配，拈连）:

afigurebywhichasinglewordismadetorefertotwoormorewordsinthesentence;

especiallywhenproperlyapplyinginsensetoonlyoneofthem,orapplyingtothemindifferentsenses

26.paradox（似非而是的隽语）:

apparentlyself-contradictorystatement,theunderlyingmeaningofwhichisrevealedonlybycarefulscrutiny

27.oxymoron（矛盾修饰）:

arhetoricalfigurebywhichcontradictoryorincongruoustermsareconjoinedsoastogivepointtothestatementorexpression

28.hyperbole（夸张）:

afigureofspeechconsistinginexaggeratedorextravagantstatement,usedtoexpressstrongfeelingorproduceastrongimpression,andnotintendedtobeunderstoodliterally

thedeliberateuseofoverstatementorexaggerationtoachieveemphasis

29.understatement（低调陈述）:

astatementdeliberatelywordedsoastobeunemphaticorrestrainedintone,oftenusedasacontrasttopointupthesignificanceofitscontents

30.euphemism（委婉，委婉语）:

thesubstitutionofamildorinoffensiveexpressionforonethatmightshockoroffend

figureofspeechinwhichsomethingofanunpleasant,distressing,orindelicatenatureisdescribedinlessoffensiveterms

substitutionofmildorvagueorroundaboutexpressionforharshordirectone

substitutionofanagreeableorinoffensiveexpressionforonethatmayoffendorsuggestsomethingunpleasant

31.irony（反语）:

afigureofspeechinwhichtheintendedmeaningistheoppositeofthatexpressedbythewordsuse

afigureofspeechthatachievesemphasisbysayingtheoppositeofwhatismeant,theintendedmeaningofthewordsbeingtheoppositeoftheirusualsense

32.innuendo（暗讽）:

anindirectorsubtlereference,es