历年英语四级阅读理解真题及答案.docx

历年英语四级阅读理解真题及答案.docx

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历年英语四级阅读理解真题及答案

2013年12月大学英语四级考试真题

（一）

Inrecentyears,agrowingbodyofresearchhasshownthatourappetiteandfoodintakeareinfluencedbyalargenumberoffactorsbesidesourbiologicalneedforenergy,includingoureatingenvironmentandourperceptionofthefoodinfrontofus.

Studieshaveshown,forinstance,thateatinginfrontoftheTV（orasimilardistraction）canincreasebothhungerandtheamountoffoodconsumed.Evensimplevisualcues,likeplatesizeandlighting,havebeenshowntoaffectportionsizeandconsumption.

Anewstudysuggestedthatourshort-termmemoryalsomayplayaroleinappetite.Severalhoursafterameal,people'shungerlevelswerepredictednotbyhowmuchthey’deatenbutratherbyhowmuchfoodthey'dseeninfrontofthem—inotherwords,howmuchtheyrememberedeating.

Thisdisparity（盖弃）suggeststhememoryofourpreviousmealmayhaveabiggerinfluenceonourappetitethantheactualsizeofthemeal,saysJeffreyM.Brunstrom,aprofessorofexperimentalpsychologyattheUniversityofBristol.

"Hungerisn'tcontrolledsolelybythephysicalcharacteristicsofarecentmeal.Wehaveidentifiedanindependentroleformemoryforthatmeal，"Brunstromsays."Thisshowsthattherelationshipbetweenhungerandfoodintakeismorecomplexthanwethought."

Thesefindingsechoearlierresearchthatsuggestsourperceptionoffoodcansometimestrickourbody’sresponsetothefooditself.Ina2011study,forinstance,peoplewhodrankthesame3S0-calorie（卡路里）milkshakeontwoseparateoccasionsproduceddifferentlevelsofhunger-relatedhormones（荷尔蒙），dependingonwhethertheshake’slabelsaiditcontained620or140calories.Moreover,theparticipantsreportedfeelingmorefullwhentheythoughtthey'dconsumedahigher-calorieshake.

Whatdoesthismeanforoureatinghabits?

Althoughithardlyseemspracticaltotrickourselvesintoeatingless,thenewfindingsdohighlightthebenefitsoffocusingonourfoodandavoidingTVandmultitaskingwhileeating.

Theso-calledmindful-eatingstrategiescanfightdistractionsandhelpuscontrolourappetite,Brunstromsays.

56.Whatissaidtobeafactoraffectingourappetiteandfoodintake?

A）Howweperceivethefoodweeat.C）Whenweeatourmeals.

B）Whatingredientsthefoodcontains.D）Howfastweeatourmeals.

57.Whatwouldhappenatmealtimeifyourememberedeatingalotinthepreviousmeal?

A）Youwouldprobablybemorepickyaboutfood.

B）Youwouldnotfeellikeeatingthesamefood.

C）Youwouldhaveagoodappetite.

D）Youwouldnotfeelsohungry.

58.Whatdowelearnfromthe2011study?

A）Foodlabelsmaymisleadconsumersintheirpurchases.

B）Foodlabelsmayinfluenceourbody’sresponsetofood.

C）Hungerlevelsdependonone'sconsumptionofcalories.

D）Peopletendtotakeinalotmorecaloriesthannecessary.

59.WhatdoesBrunstromsuggestwedotocontrolourappetite?

A）Trickourselvesintoeatingless.C）Concentrateonfoodwhileeating.

B）Choosefoodwithfewercalories.D）Pickdishesoftherightsize.

60.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A）Eatingdistractionsoftenaffectourfooddigestion.

B）Psychologicalfactorsinfluenceourhungerlevels.

C）Ourfoodintakeisdeterminedbyourbiologicalneeds.

D）Goodeatinghabitswillcontributetoourhealth.

56.A57.D58.B59.C60.B

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