职称英语阅读理解模拟试题理工类C级Word文档下载推荐.docx
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vebeenusingsunlightasanenergysourceforbillionsofyears.
Cellsinthegreenleavesofplantsworkliketinyfactoriestoconvertsunlight,carbondioxide,andwaterintosugarsandstarches,storedenergythattheplantscanuse.Thisconversionprocessiscalledphotosynthesis.Unfortunately,unlessyou'
reaplant,it'
sdifficultandexpensivetoconvertsunlightintostorableenergy.That'
swhyscientistsaretakingacloserlookatexactlyhowplantsdoit.
Somescientistsaretryingtogetplants,orbiologicalcellsthatactlikeplants,toworkasminiaturephotosyntheticpowerstations.Forexample,MariaGhirardioftheNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratoryinGolden,Colo.,isworkingwithgreenalgae.She'
stryingtotrickthemintoproducinghydrogeninsteadofsugarswhentheyperformphotosynthesis.Oncetheresearcherscangetthealgaeworkingefficiently,thehydrogenthattheyproducecouldbeusedtopowerfuelcellsincarsortogenerateelectricity.
Thealgaearegrowninnarrow-neckedglassbottlestoproducehydrogeninthelab.Duringphotosynthesis,plantsnormallymakesugarsorstarches.“Butundercertainconditions,alotofalgaeareabletousethesunlightenergynottostorestarch,buttomakehydrogen.”Ghirardisays.Forexample,algaewillproducehydrogeninanairfreeenvironment.It'
stheoxygenintheairthatpreventsalgaefrommakinghydrogenmostofthetime.Workinginanairfreeenvironment,however,isdifficult.It'
snotapracticalwaytoproducecheapenergy.ButGhirardiandhercolleagueshavediscoveredthatbyremovingachemicalcalledsulfatefromtheenvironmentthatthealgaegrowin,theywillmakehydrogeninsteadofsugars,evenwhenairispresent.
Unfortunately,removingthesulfatealsomakesthealgae'
scellsworkveryslowly,andnotmuchhydrogenisproduced.Still,theresearchersseethisasafirststepintheirgoaltoproducehydrogenefficientlyfromalgae.Withmorework,theymaybeabletospeedthecells'
activityandproducelargerquantitiesofhydrogen.
Theresearchershopethatalgaewillonedaybeaneasy-to-usefuelsource.Theorganismsarecheaptogetandtofeed,Ghirardisays,andtheycangrowalmostanywhere:
“Youcangrowtheminareactor,inapond.Youcangrowthemintheocean.There'
salotofflexibilityinhowyoucanusetheseorganisms.”
31 WhatdoesthewriterSayaboutplantsconcerningsolarenergy?
_______
A Plantsaretherealexpertsinproducingsolarenergy.
B Plantshavebeenusedtoproducesolarenergy.
C Plantshavebeenusingsolarenergyforbillionsofyears.
D Plantshavebeenasourceofsolarenergy.
32Whydosomescientistsstudyhowplantsconvertsunlightcarbondioxide,andwaterintosugarsandstarches?
_______
A Becausetheywantalgaetoproducesugarsandstarches.
B Becausetheywantgreenplantstobecomeanewsourceofenergy.
C Becausetheywanttoturnplantsugarstoanewformofenergy.
D Becausetheywanttomakephotosynthesismoreefficient.
33 Accordingtothefifthparagraph,underwhatconditionsarealgaeabletousesolarenergytomakehydrogen?
A Whenthereisalotofoxygenintheair.
B Whenthereisnooxygenintheair.
C Whenphotosynthesisistakingplace.
D Whenenoughstarchisstored.
34 Researchershavemetwithdifficultieswhentryingtomakealgaeproducehydrogenefficiently.Whichoneofthefollowingisonesuchdifficulty?
A Itisnotpossibletoremovesulfatefromtheenvironment.
B Itisnotpossibletoworkinanairfreeenvironmenttoproducehydrogen.
C Itisnoteasytomakesugarsinsteadofhydrogen.
D Itistooslowforalgaetoproducehydrogenwhenthesulfateisremoved.
35 WhatisNOTtrueofalgae?
A Theyareeasytogrow.
B Theycanbeaverygoodfuelsource.
C Theyarecheaptoeat.
D Theycanbeusedinmanyways.
第二篇
HumanIngenuity
Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics—thescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.
Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobo-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracy—fargreaterprecisionthathighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.
Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge.“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,”saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,“wecan'
tyetgivearobotenough'
commonsense'
toreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.”
Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2020,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.
Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain'
sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented—andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated—thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofwindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan'
tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon'
tknowquitehowwedoit.
36 Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin_______.
A theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction
B thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry
C theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork
D theelite'
scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork
37 Theword“gizmos”(line1,paragraph2)mostprobablymeans_______.
A programs
B experts
C devices
D creatures
38 Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman'
sabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcan_______.
A fulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery
B interactwithhumanbeingsverbally
C havealittlecommonsense
D respondindependentlytoachangingworld
39 Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso_________.
A makeafewdecisionsforthemselves
B dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention
C improvefactoryenvironments
D cultivatehumancreativity
40 Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare_________.
A expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure
B abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately
C farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation
D bestusedinacontrolledenvironment
第三篇
TheRisingOilPrice
Couldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturn?
SinceOPECagreedtosupply-cutsinMarch,thepriceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost$26abarrel,upfromlessthan$10lastDecember.Thisnear-triplingofoilpricescallsupscarymemoriesofthe1973oilshocksresultedindouble-digitinflationandglobaleconomicdecline.Sowherearetheheadlineswarningofgloomanddoomthistime?
TheoilpricewasgivenanotherpushupthisweekwhenIraqsuspendedoilexports.Strengtheningeconomicgrowth,atthedametimeaswintergripsthenorthernhemisphere,couldpushthepricehigherstillintheshortterm.
Yettherearegoodreasonstoexpecttheeconomicconsequencesnowtobelessseverethaninthe1970s.Inmostcountriesthecostofcrudeoilnowaccountsforasmallershareofthepriceofpetrolthanitdidinthe1970s.InEurope,taxesaccountforuptofour-fifthsoftheretailprice,soevenquitebigchangesinthepriceofcrudehaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthaninthepast.
Richeconomicsarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywere,andsolesssensitivetoswingsintheoilprice.Energyconservation,ashifttootherfuelsandadeclineintheimportanceofheavy,energy-intensiveindustrieshavereducedoilconsumption.Software,consultancyandmobiletelephonesusefarlessoilthansteelorcarproduction.ForeachdollarofGDP(inconstantprices)richeconomicsnowusenearly50%lessoilthanin1973.TheOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomicOutlookthat。
ifoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyear,comparedwith$13inl998。
thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbyonly0.25%~0.5%ofGDP.Thatislessthanone-quarteroftheincomelossinl9740r1980.Ontheotherhand,oilimportinge