职称英语阅读理解模拟试题理工类C级Word文档下载推荐.docx

职称英语阅读理解模拟试题理工类C级Word文档下载推荐.docx

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vebeenusingsunlightasanenergysourceforbillionsofyears.

　　Cellsinthegreenleavesofplantsworkliketinyfactoriestoconvertsunlight,carbondioxide,andwaterintosugarsandstarches,storedenergythattheplantscanuse.Thisconversionprocessiscalledphotosynthesis.Unfortunately,unlessyou'

reaplant,it'

sdifficultandexpensivetoconvertsunlightintostorableenergy.That'

swhyscientistsaretakingacloserlookatexactlyhowplantsdoit.

　　Somescientistsaretryingtogetplants,orbiologicalcellsthatactlikeplants,toworkasminiaturephotosyntheticpowerstations.Forexample,MariaGhirardioftheNationalRenewableEnergyLaboratoryinGolden,Colo.,isworkingwithgreenalgae.She'

stryingtotrickthemintoproducinghydrogeninsteadofsugarswhentheyperformphotosynthesis.Oncetheresearcherscangetthealgaeworkingefficiently,thehydrogenthattheyproducecouldbeusedtopowerfuelcellsincarsortogenerateelectricity.

　　Thealgaearegrowninnarrow-neckedglassbottlestoproducehydrogeninthelab.Duringphotosynthesis,plantsnormallymakesugarsorstarches.“Butundercertainconditions,alotofalgaeareabletousethesunlightenergynottostorestarch,buttomakehydrogen.”Ghirardisays.Forexample,algaewillproducehydrogeninanairfreeenvironment.It'

stheoxygenintheairthatpreventsalgaefrommakinghydrogenmostofthetime.Workinginanairfreeenvironment,however,isdifficult.It'

snotapracticalwaytoproducecheapenergy.ButGhirardiandhercolleagueshavediscoveredthatbyremovingachemicalcalledsulfatefromtheenvironmentthatthealgaegrowin,theywillmakehydrogeninsteadofsugars,evenwhenairispresent.

　　Unfortunately,removingthesulfatealsomakesthealgae'

scellsworkveryslowly,andnotmuchhydrogenisproduced.Still,theresearchersseethisasafirststepintheirgoaltoproducehydrogenefficientlyfromalgae.Withmorework,theymaybeabletospeedthecells'

activityandproducelargerquantitiesofhydrogen.

　　Theresearchershopethatalgaewillonedaybeaneasy-to-usefuelsource.Theorganismsarecheaptogetandtofeed,Ghirardisays,andtheycangrowalmostanywhere：

“Youcangrowtheminareactor,inapond.Youcangrowthemintheocean.There'

salotofflexibilityinhowyoucanusetheseorganisms.”

　　31　WhatdoesthewriterSayaboutplantsconcerningsolarenergy?

_______

　　A　Plantsaretherealexpertsinproducingsolarenergy.

　　B　Plantshavebeenusedtoproducesolarenergy.

　　C　Plantshavebeenusingsolarenergyforbillionsofyears.

　　D　Plantshavebeenasourceofsolarenergy.

　　32Whydosomescientistsstudyhowplantsconvertsunlightcarbondioxide,andwaterintosugarsandstarches?

_______

　　A　Becausetheywantalgaetoproducesugarsandstarches.

　　B　Becausetheywantgreenplantstobecomeanewsourceofenergy.

　　C　Becausetheywanttoturnplantsugarstoanewformofenergy.

　　D　Becausetheywanttomakephotosynthesismoreefficient.

　　33　Accordingtothefifthparagraph,underwhatconditionsarealgaeabletousesolarenergytomakehydrogen?

　　A　Whenthereisalotofoxygenintheair.

　　B　Whenthereisnooxygenintheair.

　　C　Whenphotosynthesisistakingplace.

　　D　Whenenoughstarchisstored.

　　34　Researchershavemetwithdifficultieswhentryingtomakealgaeproducehydrogenefficiently.Whichoneofthefollowingisonesuchdifficulty?

　　A　Itisnotpossibletoremovesulfatefromtheenvironment.

　　B　Itisnotpossibletoworkinanairfreeenvironmenttoproducehydrogen.

　　C　Itisnoteasytomakesugarsinsteadofhydrogen.

　　D　Itistooslowforalgaetoproducehydrogenwhenthesulfateisremoved.

　　35　WhatisNOTtrueofalgae?

　　A　Theyareeasytogrow.

　　B　Theycanbeaverygoodfuelsource.

　　C　Theyarecheaptoeat.

　　D　Theycanbeusedinmanyways.

　　第二篇

　　HumanIngenuity

　　Sincethedawnofhumaningenuity,peoplehavedevisedevermorecunningtoolstocopewithworkthatisdangerous,boring,burdensome,orjustplainnasty.Thatcompulsionhasresultedinrobotics—thescienceofconferringvarioushumancapabilitiesonmachines.Andifscientistshaveyettocreatethemechanicalversionofsciencefiction,theyhavebeguntocomeclose.

　　Asaresult,themodernworldisincreasinglypopulatedbyintelligentgizmoswhosepresencewebarelynoticebutwhoseuniversalexistencehasremovedmuchhumanlabor.Ourfactorieshumtotherhythmofrobotassemblyarms.Ourbankingisdoneatautomatedtellerterminalsthatthankuswithmechanicalpolitenessforthetransaction.Oursubwaytrainsarecontrolledbytirelessrobo-drivers.Andthankstothecontinualminiaturizationofelectronicsandmicro-mechanics,therearealreadyrobotsystemsthatcanperformsomekindsofbrainandbonesurgerywithsubmillimeteraccuracy—fargreaterprecisionthathighlyskilledphysicianscanachievewiththeirhandsalone.

　　Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge.“Whileweknowhowtotellarobottohandleaspecificerror,”saysDaveLavery,managerofaroboticsprogramatNASA,“wecan'

tyetgivearobotenough'

commonsense'

toreliablyinteractwithadynamicworld.”

　　Indeedthequestfortrueartificialintelligencehasproducedverymixedresults.Despiteaspellofinitialoptimisminthe1960sand1970swhenitappearedthattransistorcircuitsandmicroprocessorsmightbeabletocopytheactionofthehumanbrainbytheyear2020,researcherslatelyhavebeguntoextendthatforecastbydecadesifnotcenturies.

　　Whattheyfound,inattemptingtomodelthought,isthatthehumanbrain'

sroughlyonehundredbillionnervecellsaremuchmoretalented—andhumanperceptionfarmorecomplicated—thanpreviouslyimagined.Theyhavebuiltrobotsthatcanrecognizetheerrorofamachinepanelbyafractionofamillimeterinacontrolledfactoryenvironment.Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediatelydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofwindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.ThemostadvancedcomputersystemsonEarthcan'

tapproachthatkindofability,andneuroscientistsstilldon'

tknowquitehowwedoit.

　　36　Humaningenuitywasinitiallydemonstratedin_______.

　　A　theuseofmachinestoproducesciencefiction

　　B　thewideuseofmachinesinmanufacturingindustry

　　C　theinventionoftoolsfordifficultanddangerouswork

　　D　theelite'

scunningtacklingofdangerousandboringwork

　　37　Theword“gizmos”（line1,paragraph2）mostprobablymeans_______.

　　A　programs

　　B　experts

　　C　devices

　　D　creatures

　　38　Accordingtothetext,whatisbeyondman'

sabilitynowistodesignarobotthatcan_______.

　　A　fulfilldelicatetaskslikeperformingbrainsurgery

　　B　interactwithhumanbeingsverbally

　　C　havealittlecommonsense

　　D　respondindependentlytoachangingworld

　　39　Besidesreducinghumanlabor,robotscanalso_________.

　　A　makeafewdecisionsforthemselves

　　B　dealwithsomeerrorswithhumanintervention

　　C　improvefactoryenvironments

　　D　cultivatehumancreativity

　　40　Theauthorusestheexampleofamonkeytoarguethatrobotsare_________.

　　A　expectedtocopyhumanbrainininternalstructure

　　B　abletoperceiveabnormalitiesimmediately

　　C　farlessablethanhumanbraininfocusingonrelevantinformation

　　D　bestusedinacontrolledenvironment

　　第三篇

　　TheRisingOilPrice

　　Couldthebadolddaysofeconomicdeclinebeabouttoreturn?

SinceOPECagreedtosupply-cutsinMarch,thepriceofcrudeoilhasjumpedtoalmost$26abarrel,upfromlessthan$10lastDecember.Thisnear-triplingofoilpricescallsupscarymemoriesofthe1973oilshocksresultedindouble-digitinflationandglobaleconomicdecline.Sowherearetheheadlineswarningofgloomanddoomthistime?

　　TheoilpricewasgivenanotherpushupthisweekwhenIraqsuspendedoilexports.Strengtheningeconomicgrowth,atthedametimeaswintergripsthenorthernhemisphere,couldpushthepricehigherstillintheshortterm.

　　Yettherearegoodreasonstoexpecttheeconomicconsequencesnowtobelessseverethaninthe1970s.Inmostcountriesthecostofcrudeoilnowaccountsforasmallershareofthepriceofpetrolthanitdidinthe1970s.InEurope,taxesaccountforuptofour-fifthsoftheretailprice,soevenquitebigchangesinthepriceofcrudehaveamoremutedeffectonpumppricesthaninthepast.

　　Richeconomicsarealsolessdependentonoilthantheywere,andsolesssensitivetoswingsintheoilprice.Energyconservation,ashifttootherfuelsandadeclineintheimportanceofheavy,energy-intensiveindustrieshavereducedoilconsumption.Software,consultancyandmobiletelephonesusefarlessoilthansteelorcarproduction.ForeachdollarofGDP（inconstantprices）richeconomicsnowusenearly50%lessoilthanin1973.TheOECDestimatesinitslatestEconomicOutlookthat。

ifoilpricesaveraged$22abarrelforafullyear，comparedwith$13inl998。

thiswouldincreasetheoilimportbillinricheconomiesbyonly0.25%～0.5%ofGDP.Thatislessthanone-quarteroftheincomelossinl9740r1980.Ontheotherhand，oilimportinge