英语精读知识题带答案解析六级适用.docx

英语精读知识题带答案解析六级适用.docx

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英语精读知识题带答案解析六级适用

英语精读习题带答案（六级适用）

1、TheDvelopmentofCivilization

1Thefirsttwostagesinthedevelopmentofcivilizedmanwereprobablytheinventionofprimitiveweaponsandthediscoveryoffire,althoughnobodyknowsexactlywhenheacquiredtheuseofthelatter

2Theoriginoflanguageisalsoobscure.NodoubtitbeganverygraduallyAnimalshaveafewcriesthatserveassignals,buteventhehighestapeshavenotbeenfoundabletopronouncewords,evenwiththemostintensiveprofessionalinstruction.Thesuperiorbrainofmanisapparentlyanecessityforthemasteringofspeech.Whenmanbecamesuffivientlyintelligent,wemustsupposethathefraduallyincreasedthenumberofcriesfordifferentpurposes.Itwasagreatdaywhenhediscoveredhatspeechcouldbeusedfornarrative.Therearethosewhothinkinthisrespectpicturelanguageprecededorallanguage.Amancoulddrawapictureonthewallofhiscavetoshowinwhichdirectionhehadgone,orwhatpreyhehopedtocatch.Probablypicturelanguageandorallanguagedevelopedsidebyside.Iaminclinedtothinkthatlanguagehasbeenthemostimportantsinglefactorinthedevelopmentofman.

3Twoimportantstagescamenotsolongbeforethedawnofwrittenhistory.Thefirstwasthedomesticationofanimals;thesecondwasagriculture.Agriculturewasastepinhumanprogresstowhichsubsequentlytherewasnothingcomparableuntilourownmachineage.Agriculturemadepossibleanimmenseincreaseinthenumberofthehumanspeciesintheregionswhereitcouldbesuccessfullypracticed.Thesewere,atfirst,onlythoseinwhichnaturefertilizedthesoilaftereachharvest.Agriculturemetwithviolentresistancefromthepastoralnomads,buttheagriculturalwayoflifeprevailedintheendbecauseofthephysicalcomfortsitprovided.

4Anotherfundamentaltechnicaladvancewaswriting,which,likespokenlanguage,developedoutofpictures,butassoonasithadreachedacertainstage,itwaspossibletokeeprecordsandtransmitinformationtopeoplewhowerenotpresentwhentheinformationwasgiven.

5Theseinventionsanddiscoveries—fire,speech,weapons,domesticanimals,agriculture,andwriting—madetheexistenceofcivilizedcommunitiespossible.Fromabout3000B.C.untilthebeginningoftheIndustrialRevolutionlessthantwohundredyearsagotherewasnotechnicaladvancecomparabletothese.Duringthislongperiodmanhadtimetobecomeaccustomedtohistechnique,andtodeveopthebeliefsandpoliticalorganizationsappropriatetoitTherewas,ofcourse,animmenseextensionintheareaofcivilizedlife.AtfirstithadbeenconfinedtotheNile,theEuphrates,theTigrisandtheIndus,butattheendoftheperiodinquestionitcoveredmuchthegreaterpartoftheinhabitableglobe.Idonotmeantosuggestthattherewasnotechnicalprogressduringthislongtime;therewasprogress—therewereeventwoinventionsofverygreatimportance,namelygunpowderandthemariner’scompass—butneitherofthesecanbecomparedintheirpowertosuchthingsasspeechandwritingandagriculture.

Notes

1ape:

anymonkey

2narrative:

astoryordescriptionofactualorfictionalevents;tonarrateistogiveanaccountorcommentary

3prey:

ananimalhuntedorcaughtforfood

4pastoral:

oforpertainingtoshepherds,herdsmen,etc.

5nomad:

oneofagroupofpeoplewhohavenopermanenthomeandmoveaboutfromplacetoplace

6theNile:

thelongestriverintheworldflowingthroughEastAfrica,尼罗河

7theTigris:

riverofSouthwestAsia,joiningtheEuphratesinSouthIraq

8theEuphrates:

riverofSouthwestAsia,幼发拉底河

9theIndus:

riverofSouthCentralAsia,risingfromSouthwestTibet,flowingthroughPakistantotheArabianSea

ReadingComprehension

whichoneofthefollowing,accordingtotheauthor,wasfirstdiscoveredorinventedinhumancivilization?

a.writtenlanguageb.orallanguagec.fired.domestication

2Theauthordoesnotstateclearlybutimpliesthatinthedevelopmentofman___

a.humanspeechdevelopedalongwithotherhumanfaculties

b.picturelanguageandwrittenlanguagedevelopedsidebyside

c.orallanguageprecededtheuseoffire

d.theapemightbetaughttomasterspeech

3Accordingtothepassagepicturelanguagewasfoundmostusefulwhen_____

a.peopledidn’twanttousespeechincommunication

b.orallanguagewasnotfullydeveloped

c.peoplewenthuntingortravelingsomewhere

d.peoplewereinhabitingincaves

4Itistheauthor’sviewthatinhumancivilizationagriculture______.

a.isthemostimportantstepmanhasevermade

b.isonlylessimportantthanthedomesticationofanimals

c.hadlongbeenpracticedasstatedinwrittenhistory

d.canberankedinimportancewiththeinventionofmachines

5Inthe3rdparagraph,”…intheregionswhereitcouldbepracticed…”,here,“it”refersto________

a.increaseb.nu