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4F(Onceyouhaveboughtabook,youbecomeitstrueowneronlywhenyouhavemadeitapartofyourself.Thewritermakesacomparisonbetweenreadingabookandconsumingabeefsteakinordertoexplainwhat“full”,“real”ownershipis.)
5F(Ifitisafirsteditionofafamouswriter'
smasterpieceoranelegantlyboundedition,forexample,itisnotadvisabletomarkitup.)
6F(Accordingtothewriter,themorenotesyouhavemadeinabookandthe“worse”itsphysicalappearancegets,thebetteryouhaveabsorbedthebook.)
7F(Thewritersaysthatthesoulisthecontentofabookwhilethebodyisitsbindingandtypography,sotheyareseparable.Thebeautyofarareeditionorofamagnificentlyboundbook,however,isinseparablefromitssoul.Itsbeautyisjustlikethebeautyofapaintingorastatue,whosebodyandsoulcannotbeseparated.)
8F(GonewiththeWindisapieceoflightfictionmeantforenjoyment,amusementandrelaxation.Ifyoudonotreaditactively,youlosenothing.ThewriterhasthesameopinionasFrancisBacon,theseventeenthcenturyEnglishphilosopher,whosays:
“Somebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested...”Differentkindsofbooksneeddifferentapproaches.Onlybookstobereadfortheirrichideasneeddiligenceandcarefulattention.Unlessitisforaspecialpurpose,youdonothavetomakedetailednotesinGonewiththeWind.)
9F(Wecannotdrawthisconclusionsorashlybecausethewritertellsusthatifabookis,say,abeautifulfirstedition,itisacombinationofbodyandsoul,andhewouldnotscribbleinit.Acleanbookmaybesuchabook.)
10T
BReferenceversion:
Whenthewriteremphasizestheimportanceofmarkingupabook,heisreferringtoone'
sownbooksthatareworthcarefulreadingorstudy.Inthecaseofthesebooks,weshouldtrytounderstandboththemainideasandthespecificdetails,soastomakejudgments,reactemotionally,analytically,orcritically,recognizetheauthor'
shiddenpurposeorprejudices,makeanoverallevaluation,comprehendpreciselywhatisbeingsaid,andmakecommentsonhisstyle,dictionand/orideas.Inshort,itisanexcellentmethodofintensivereading.
Considerthefollowingpoints:
1)Inthe80'
s,apersonadoptingonereadingmethodcannotreadverymuch,sohecannotachieveasmuchasthosewhoemploymultiplereadingtechniques.
Nowadaysareaderhastoreadvariousnewspapers,magazinesandperiodicalsinordertokeepupwithwhatishappeningaroundhim,tobecomebetterinformed,andtogainabroadunderstandingofaparticulartopic.Sometimeswhenapersonisreviewing,ordoingresearch,orwritingapaper,orseekingspecificinformationforsomespecificpurpose,hemusthaveanotherkindofreadingskilltohelphimtofindanswerstospecificquestions.Aspurposesofreadingvary,somustthereadingmethodsvary.Thedegreeofconcentration,thespeed,theamountofattentionpaidtodetailsandtheamountofnote-takingwillallvarywiththereader'
spurpose.
2)Itisnecessarytocultivategoodreadinghabits.Scribblingalloverabookormakingitdog-earedisnotconsideredgoodreadinghabitsbymostpeople.
3)Goodreadersusuallyrespectthosewhokeeptheirbooksclean.Loveandrespectforbooksaregenerallyconsideredtobeagoodreader'
sduty.Thewayrecommendedbythewritercanprobablybestbedescribedasa“minorityviewpoint”.
CAnswersforreference:
1Iargueplainlythatmakingmarksinabookisnotsomethingdonetospoilitbuttoshowitsworthandvalue.
2Gettingthebookbypaymentismerelyapreparatorysteponthewaytoownership.
3Onlywhenyouhavefullyabsorbeditcanyousaythatyouownthebookcompletely.
4Thethirdkindofbookownerspossessonlyafewormanybooks,buteveryoneofthemisworn,withthecornersoftheleavesfoldedover,andhasbecomelesstightlyboundbecauseofconstantuse.Therearemarksandinformallywrittennotesineachbookfromcovertocover.
5IwouldnevermarkpagesofafirsteditioncopyofParadiseLost,justasIwouldnotgivemybabyasetofcolouredpencilsandapaintingbyRembrandtintheoriginal.
6Iftheelaboratecover,styleofprintingorlayoutpreventyoufrommarkingupabook,thenyou'
dbetterbuyacheapeditioninwhichyoucanshowyourrespecttothewriter(i.e.,bywritingnotesinit).
7Ifyouwritenotesinthebookyourself,thewordsandsentenceswillstandoutmoredistinctlyinyourmindandlastlongerinyourmemory.
8Don'
tbelievethatareaderisonlyexpectedtotakeinpassivelywhatisinthebook(i.e.,thereadershouldalsocontribute).
9Comprehensionisaprocessinvolvingbothreceptionandproduction.Ifyouremainacontainerreadyonlytoreceive,youcannotexpecttolearnverymuch.
TEXTⅡ
1F(Mosttimeitwasthecase,buttheexcellentworkshoptaughtbyHelenSchulmanwasanexception.)
2T
3F(Ididn’thovebeingrejected,butmygoalwastopublishsomethingbeforedeathandIalwayswantedtotry;
suchrejectionnoteswouldn’tdestroyme.)
4F(Self-forgivenessisimportantforwritersnotjustbecausetheirwritingswouldalwaysdisappointthem,butalsobecauseitwouldenablethemtocontinuetheirwritingafterthatheartacheofdisappointment.)
5T
TEXTⅢ
1(TheSecondHandShop.)2(4429900.)
3(W.FosterorS.J.Screeton.)4(P.J.Ryan.Savemoney.Estimatesfree.)
5(3,i.e.,NorthCheshireBuilders,A.C.Webb,andMr.Sharp)
GUIDEDWRITING
SentenceCombination
Referenceversion:
Allofuscanchangeourbehaviourtofitdifferentsituations.Wearefestive,oftennoisy,atweddingsandbirthdaycelebrations,sympatheticatfunerals,attentiveatlectures,seriousandrespectfulatreligiousservices.Eventheclotheswewearonthesedifferentoccasionsmayvary.Ourtablemannersarenotthesameatapicnicasinarestaurantorataformaldinnerparty.Whenwespeakwithclosefriends,wearefreetointerruptthemandwewillnotbeoffendediftheyinterruptus.Whenwespeaktopeoplehigherup,however,weareinclinedtohearthemoutbeforesayinganythingourselves.Ifwedon'
tmakesuchadjustments,wearelikelytogetintotrouble.Wemayfailtoaccomplishourpurposeandwearealmostsuretobeconsideredill-manneredorworse.
Fromonepointofview,languageisbehaviouranditispartofthewayweact.Itbuildsabridgeofcommunication,withoutwhichsocietycouldnotevenexist.Andlikeeveryotherkindofbehaviour,itmustbeadjustedtofitdifferentcontextsorsituationswhereitisused.Whenwethinkofalltheadjustmentsregularlymadeinanyonelanguage,wespeakoflanguagevariety.Whenwethinkoftheadjustmentsanyonepersonmakesindifferentsituations,weusethetermstyle.
COMPREHENSIVEEXERCISES
ⅠSpelling
1efficient2mutilation3prelude4beefstake5bloodstream6dog-eared7dilapidated8typography9indispensable10integral11presumably12humility
ⅡDictation
Englishisalmostoverwhelmingintherichnessofitsvocabulary,estimatedtocontainmorethanamillionwordsandtobetheworld'
slargest.Fromthisvaststorehouse,usersofthelanguagecancoinwordstosuittheirneedsorgivenewmeaningstoexistingwordsinwaysthatseemnaturalandeffortless.Manyotherfeatureslendforceandflexibilitytothelanguage.
WhateverthefuturemayholdforEnglish,ithasprovedtobeeminentlysuitableforalmostallformsofwrittenexpressionaswellasforeverydayuse.Itissuretodevelopandchange,forsuchisthenatureofalivinglanguage.Probablyitwillbecomeincreasinglyinformal,undertheimpactofmasseducationandthemassmedia.Thusthewrittenandthespokenformsofthelanguagewillbedrawnclosertogether,makingforgreaterflexibility.Intheviewofsome,Englishmightintimebecometheonegenerallyacceptedinternationallanguage.
ⅢListeningComprehension
A(ThegreatloveIsaidIhaveforyou)increaseseveryday.WhenIseeyoutheonethingIwanttodoistomarryyou.Ourlastconversationmademeanxioustoseeyouagain.Ifweweremarried,IknowthatIwouldfindpleasureinlivingwithyou.IhaveaheartIwanttogivetoyou.Nooneismoreabletocareformeandbeofhelptome.Ispeakthetruth.Youwilldomeafavourifyouanswerthis.Yourlettersarefulloftrueconcernforme.Goodbye!
Believeme,Iamstillyourlovingfriend.
BTheboyusedasecretcodewhenwritingtothegirl.Theoddnumberedlinesmakeuptherealletter,whiletheeven-numberedlinesareinsertedinbetweeneverytwooddnumberedlinestomaketheletteracceptabletothegirl'
sfather.Sowhenthegirlreadtheletter,sheonlyreadlines1,3,5,7,andsoon.
ⅣTranslation
A1Youarenotlikelytograspanarticleonlogicunlessyouthinkactivelyinthecourseof/whilereading.
2Accordingtotheauthor,oneofthemosteffectivewaystoreadagoodbookisbyw