TKKJessicaTseng语言学Syntax树形图整理Word文件下载.docx

TKKJessicaTseng语言学Syntax树形图整理Word文件下载.docx

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VPP

PNP

DetN

movetowardsthewindow

phrasestructuretreesforeachofthefollowingsentences

a）Thejetlanded.

InflP（=S）

NPInflVP

DetNPstV

Thejetlanded

b）Marybecameveryill.

NPInflVP

NPstVAP

DegAdj

Marybecameveryill

c）Theapplemighthittheman.

Inflp（=S）

NPVP

DetNAuxVNP

Theapplemighthittheman

OR

InflP（=S）

DetNVNP

Theapplemighthittheman

d）Heoftenreadsdetectivestories.

NQualVNP

Heoftenreadsdetectivestories

OR

InflP（=S）

NPInflVP

Pres

NQualVNP

AdjN

Heoftenreadsdetectivestories

e）Theteacherturnedoffthelight.

NPInflVP

DetNPstVprtNP

Theteacherturnedoffthelight

f）Theteacherturnedthelightoff.

DetNPstVNPPrt

DetN

Theteacherturnedthelightoff

followingsentencesallcontainembeddedclausesthatfunctionascomplementsofaverb,anadjective,aprepositionoranoun.Drawatreestructureforeachsentence.

a）YouknowthatIhatewar.

InflP（=S）

CP

NVCS

NVNP

N

YouknowthatIhatewar

ORCP

CInflP（=S）

NPInflVP

NPresVCS

NPVP

NVNP

YouknowthatIhatewar

b）Thechildrenarguedoverwhetherbatshadwings.

DetNpstVPP

PCP

CS

NPVP

VN

Thechildrenarguedoverwhetherbatshadwings

c）Helenputonherclothesandwentout.

pst

NVPConjVP

VPNPVAdv

VPrtDetN

Helenputonherclothesandwentout

NPInflVP

Pst

NVPConjVP

VPNPVAdv

VPrtDetN

Helenputonherclothesandwentout

d）Johniseagertoplease.

Inflp（=S）

NVP

VAdjPrtV

Johniseagertoplease

e）Johniseasytoplease.

Inflp（=S）

Johniseasytoplease

f）Maryisfondofliteraturebuttiredofstatistics.

NVPConjVP

VPNPVPNP

VAdjPrtNVAPrtN

Maryisfondofliteraturebut（is）tiredofstatistics

NPresVPConjVP

VPNPVPNP

VAdjPrtNVAdjPrtN

Maryisfondofliteraturebut（is）tiredofstatistics

g）Gerrycan’tbelievethefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexam.

InflP（=S）

NAuxNegVNP

CP

DetNPCS

NNPInflVP

NPstVNP

DetAdjN

GerrycannotbelievethefactthatAnnaflunkedtheEnglishexam

derivationsofthefollowingsentencesinvolvetheinversiontransformation.Givethedeepstructureandthesurfacestructuretreesforeachofthesesentences.

a）Whatwillyoutalkabout?

CP

CS

NPInflVP

VPP

PN

youwilltalkaboutwhat

NPCS

NInflNPInflVP

VPPP

VPN

Whatwillyouetalkaboute

b）Wouldyoucometomorrow?

Deepstructure

CP

CS

NPInflAdvP

NVAdv

youwouldcometomorrow

Surfacestructure

NPInflAdvP

Infl

NVAdv

wouldyouecometomorrow

c）Canyoupassmethenewspaper?

Deepstructure

NPInflNPNP

NVNDetN

youcanpassmethenewspaper

Surfacestructure

InflNPInflNPNP

NVNDetN

Canyouepassmethenewspaper

d）WhatwasHelenbringingtotheparty?

NPInflPP

NPNP

NVP

NDetN

Helenwasbringingwhattotheparty

NPCS

NInflNPInflPP

NVP

whatwasHelenebringingetotheparty

ofthefollowingsentencescontainsarelativeclause.Drawthedeepstructureandthesurfacestructuretreesforeachofthesentences.

a）Theessaythathewrotewastoolong.

DetNCPpstVAP

CSDegAdj

NPInflVP

NPstVNP

Theessayhewrotethatwastoolong

SurfaceStructure

DetNCPVAP

CSDegAdj

NPNPInflVP

NNPstVNP

N

Theessaythathewroteewastoolong

b）Thedogthathekeepsbites.

DetNCPV

CS

NPInflVP

NPresVNP

Thedoghekeepsthatbites

SurfaceStructure

DetNCPV

CS

NPNPInflVP

NNPresVNP

Thedogthathekeepsebites

c）Herbertfoundthemansheloved.

NPstVNP

CP

DetNCS

NP

NPstV

N

Herbertfoundthemanshelovedwho

SurfaceStructure

NPInflVP

NPstVNP

DetNS

C

NPInflVP

NPNP

NNPstV

N

Herbertfoundtheman（whom）shelovede

d）Thegirlwhomheoftenquarrelswithmajorsinlinguistics.

DetNCPVPP

PNP

NPInflVP

PP

NQualVPNP

VPN

Thegirlheoftenquarrelswithwhommajorsinlinguistics

CS

DetNCPVPP

PN

NPNPInflVP

NNQualVPNP

Thegirlwhomheoftenquarrelswithemajorsinlinguistics