英美概况试题答案Word文档格式.docx

英美概况试题答案Word文档格式.docx

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4.BlackDeathwasthemodernnamegiventothedeadlybubonicplague,anepidemicdiseasespreadbyratfleas.ItspreadthroughEuropeinthe14thcentury.ItsweptthroughEnglandinthesummerof1348withoutwarning.Itkilledmanypeople.Asaresultoftheplague,muchlandwasleftuntendedandtherewasaterribleshortageoflabor.

5.TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesisthebasicinstrumentofAmericangovernmentandthesupremelawoftheland.Itistheoldestwrittenconstitutionintheworld.Itwasdrawnupin1787andwentintoeffectin1789.Itfoundedfederalismandintroducedchecksandbalancesintogovernmentforthefirsttimeinhistory.

四．1.TheSecondWarbetweenAmericaandEnglandwasduring1812~1814.

2.ThetwomajorpoliticalpartiesinBritainareConservativePartyandLaborParty.

3.Britainenjoysmaritimeclimate.

4.RichardNixonwasinvolvedinWatergateScandal.

5.ThemostimportantriverinBritainisThamesRiver.

五．In1066thearmyofWilliam,DukeofNormandy,defeatedKingHarold’stroops.HewascrownedKingofEngland.Hethenbuiltastringofdefensecastleensurehismilitarycontrolofthewholecountry.ThisistheNormanConquestinBritishhistory.AftertheNormanConquest,WilliamtheConquerorconfiscatedalmostallthelandandgaveittohisNormanfollowers.HereplacedtheweakSaxonrulewithastrongNormangovernment.Sothefeudalsystemwascompletelyestablished,England.RelationswiththeContinentwereopened.Thecivilizationandcommercewereextended.Norman-Frenchculture,language,manners,andarchitectureereintroduced.

英美概况模拟试题

（二）

一．1~5dbaca6~10cccdb11~15dbbca16~20daccb

二．1~5FTTFF6~10TTTFF11~15FFTTT16~20FTTFT

三．1．ItreferstoaseriesofmeasurestakenbyFranklinRooseveltin1932topreventthepossiblecollapseoftheAmericaneconomicandpoliticalsystem.

2．Itwasamovementofrevoltinthe1960sagainstthemoralvalues,theaestheticstandards,thepersonalbehavior.andthesocialrelationsofconventionalsociety.

3．Eachofthethreebranchesofthegovernment——thelegislative,theexecutiveandthejudicial——haspartofthepowersbutnotallthepower.Eachbranchcancheck,orblock,theactionsoftheotherbranches.Thethreebranchesarethusinbalance.Thisiscalled“checksandbalances”.

4．Aconstitutionalmonarchyisacountyinwhichheadofthestateisakingoraqueen.Inpractice,theSovereignreigns,butdoesnotrule.InEnglishhistory,constitutionalmonarchywasestablishedafterGloriousRevolutionin1688.

5．OnSeptember22,1862duringAmericanCivilWar,LincolnissuedthefamousdocumentEmancipationProclamationwhichwouldbecomeeffectiveonJanuary1,1863.itprovidedthatalltheblackslavesintherebellingstateswerefreedandtheywerewelcometojointhearmedforcesoftheUnion.

四．1.ThelongestriverinBritainisSevernriver.

2.TheWaroftheRoseswentonfor30years.

3.AmericanCivilWarbeganin1861.

4.ThemainstreamAmericansarecalledWASPs.

5.AmericanCongressconsistsofSenateandHouseofRepresentatives.

五．SomehistorianssaythattheworldenteredColdWarimmediatelyaftertheSecondWorldWarended.Theconflictsarosebasicallyfromtheseparateconceptsofpostwarworldorder.TheUnitedStates,relyingonitslargeeconomicandmilitarystrength,triedtoplaytheroleofworldpoliceunderthepretextoffightingagainsttheSovietexpansion.TheSovietUnionputforwardthetheorythattherecouldbenolong-termpeacefulcoexistencebetweensocialismandcapitalismandtheSovietUnionshouldrapidlybuildupitsstrengthforthefinalstruggleagainstcapitalism,representedbytheUnitedStatesandBritain.ColdWarwascharacterizedbyinternationaltensionandconflictswithoutbloody“hotwar”betweentheSovietUnionandtheUnitedStates.ColdWardidnotenduntilafterthecollapseofBerlinWallin1989.

英语国家概况参考答案

I.1C2B3B4D5A6B7C8D9D10B11A12B13A14B15B16D17B18D19C20A21B22D23A24C25A

II.1.F2.F3.T4.T5.T6.F7.F8.T9.T10.T11.F12.T13.T14.F15.T

III.1.thefeudalsystem2.JohnBunyon,JohnMilton3.Teheran;

Yalta;

Potsdam4.strong5.industry;

agriculture

6.contributionsnationalinsurance,taxation7.formulate;

supply8.abundant;

raw9.one,onethird10.NorthernIreland11.NorthernTerritory12.Schooloftheair13.land;

buy14.macreconomic,microeconomic15.theCanadianPacificRailway

16.Parliamentary17.BenNevis;

1,300018.England19.CaptainJamesCook20.theGreatDepression

21.registration;

wheels22.Britain;

Italy23.trappers24.GreatBearLake;

GreatSlaveLake

25.theOpposition,Shadowcabinet26.theministers27.Hundred,ambitious28.Cavaliers,Roundheads29.HouseofAssembly30.Acts;

decisions31.jobs,wars

IV.1.Thatcherism

Theelectionof1979returnedtheConservativePartytopowerandMargaretThatcherbecamethefirstwomanprimeministerinBritain.HerpoliciesarepopularlyreferredtoasThatcherism.Itincludedthereturntoprivateownershipofstate-ownedindustries,theuseofmonetaristpoliciestocontrolinflation,theweakeningoftradeunions,thestrengtheningoftheroleofmarketforcesintheeconomy,andanemphasisonlawandorder.

2.diversityofAmericaneducation

DiversityisconsideredtobeanoutstandingcharacteristicofAmericaneducation.Thiscanbeseennotonlyintype,sizeandcontroloftheinstitutions,buteducationalpoliciesandpractices.AsisstatedbytheTenthAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution,educationisafunctionofthestate,notthefederalgovemment.Aseachstatehasthefreedomtodevelopitsownschoolsystemanddelegatesitspowerovereducationtolocaldistricts,manyvariationscanbefoundintheeducationsystemofthe50states.

3.theCanadianShield

TheCanadianShieldisasemicircularbandofrockyhighlandsandplateausaroundHudsonBayfromthenorthernshoresofQuebectotheArcticshoresoftheNorthwestTerritories.Itisaregionofroundedhills,andtensofthousandsoflakesandswamps.

4.Australia'

sserviceindustries

Serviceindustriesarealsocalled"

tertiaryindusty"

.Thissectornowincludesanadditional"

quaternary"

level,whichcoverstheresearch,processingandstorageofinformation.Australia'

sservicesectoristhefastestgrowingone.Ithasbeengrowinginimportance,duetohigherlivingstandardsandgreaterdemandformoreandbettertransportandhousing,andtheexpansionbygovernmentofeducational,healthandwelfareservices.

5.theNewDeal

InordertodealwiththeDepression,PresidentFranklinRooseveltputforwardtheNewDealprogram.ItpassedalotofNewDeallawsandsetupmanyefficientsocialsecuritysystems.TheNewDealhelpedtosaveAmericandemocracyandthedevelopmentofAmericaneconomy.

V.1.LookataphysicalmapoftheUnitedStatesandfindoutandnamethemainmonitionranges,riversandlakesintheUnitedStates.

TherearetwomainmountainrangesintheUnitedStates.TheyaretheAppalachianMountainsandtheRockyMountains.TherearemanyimportantriversintheUnitedStates.TheMississippiRiveranditstwobranches,theMissouriRiverandtheOhioRiver,flowsouthtotheGulfofMexico.OnthePacificsidetherearetwogreatrivers:

theColoradoRiverandtheColumbiaRiver.TheRioGrandeRiverformsanaturalboundarybetweenMexicoandtheUnitedStates.OtherwellknownriversincludetheHudsonRiverwhichmeetstheAtlanticOceanatNewYurkandthePotomacboardingthenationalcapitalofWashington.ThemostimportantlakesintheUnitedStatesaretheGreatLakes.TheyareLakeSuperior,LakeMichigan,LakeHuron,LakeErieandLakeOntario.TheyarealllocatedbetweenCanadaandtheUnitedStatesexceptLadeMichigan.

2.HowmanyconstituenciesarethereinBritaintoday

HowmanymembersarethereintheHouseofCommons

Toholdgeneralelections,Britainisdividedinto651constituencies,eachofwhichreturnsonemembertotheHouseofCommons.Thereare651membersintheHouseofCommnos.

3.WhatweretheeffectsofEuropeansettlementontheAborigines

Whitesettlementin1788proveddisastrousfortheAborigines.

（1）Aboriginalcultureandsocietyweretotallydisruptedbecauseofatotalconflictofcultures.

（2）ThelossolandtowhitepeopleledtothebreakdownoftheirtriballifebecauseAboriginalculturewasbasedontheland.（3）Afterlosingtheirland,Aboriginesbecamedependentonwhitehandouts.TheycopiedtheEuropeanhabitofdrinkingalcohol,whichdestroyedlargenumbersofAborigines.（4）ThewhitesalsobroughtmanydiseaseswhichtheAborigineshadnoresistanceto.（5）Allthese,combinedwiththeviolencebetweenEuropeansandAboriginesresultedinthedrasticallyreductioninAboriginalpopulation.TheAborigineshavealwaysbeeninunfavorablepositioneversince1788.TheAboriginesstillfacelegal,political,economicandsocialdiscriminationtoday.

4.SinnFein

SinnFeinwastheIri