英美概况试题答案Word文档格式.docx
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4.BlackDeathwasthemodernnamegiventothedeadlybubonicplague,anepidemicdiseasespreadbyratfleas.ItspreadthroughEuropeinthe14thcentury.ItsweptthroughEnglandinthesummerof1348withoutwarning.Itkilledmanypeople.Asaresultoftheplague,muchlandwasleftuntendedandtherewasaterribleshortageoflabor.
5.TheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesisthebasicinstrumentofAmericangovernmentandthesupremelawoftheland.Itistheoldestwrittenconstitutionintheworld.Itwasdrawnupin1787andwentintoeffectin1789.Itfoundedfederalismandintroducedchecksandbalancesintogovernmentforthefirsttimeinhistory.
四.1.TheSecondWarbetweenAmericaandEnglandwasduring1812~1814.
2.ThetwomajorpoliticalpartiesinBritainareConservativePartyandLaborParty.
3.Britainenjoysmaritimeclimate.
4.RichardNixonwasinvolvedinWatergateScandal.
5.ThemostimportantriverinBritainisThamesRiver.
五.In1066thearmyofWilliam,DukeofNormandy,defeatedKingHarold’stroops.HewascrownedKingofEngland.Hethenbuiltastringofdefensecastleensurehismilitarycontrolofthewholecountry.ThisistheNormanConquestinBritishhistory.AftertheNormanConquest,WilliamtheConquerorconfiscatedalmostallthelandandgaveittohisNormanfollowers.HereplacedtheweakSaxonrulewithastrongNormangovernment.Sothefeudalsystemwascompletelyestablished,England.RelationswiththeContinentwereopened.Thecivilizationandcommercewereextended.Norman-Frenchculture,language,manners,andarchitectureereintroduced.
英美概况模拟试题
(二)
一.1~5dbaca6~10cccdb11~15dbbca16~20daccb
二.1~5FTTFF6~10TTTFF11~15FFTTT16~20FTTFT
三.1.ItreferstoaseriesofmeasurestakenbyFranklinRooseveltin1932topreventthepossiblecollapseoftheAmericaneconomicandpoliticalsystem.
2.Itwasamovementofrevoltinthe1960sagainstthemoralvalues,theaestheticstandards,thepersonalbehavior.andthesocialrelationsofconventionalsociety.
3.Eachofthethreebranchesofthegovernment——thelegislative,theexecutiveandthejudicial——haspartofthepowersbutnotallthepower.Eachbranchcancheck,orblock,theactionsoftheotherbranches.Thethreebranchesarethusinbalance.Thisiscalled“checksandbalances”.
4.Aconstitutionalmonarchyisacountyinwhichheadofthestateisakingoraqueen.Inpractice,theSovereignreigns,butdoesnotrule.InEnglishhistory,constitutionalmonarchywasestablishedafterGloriousRevolutionin1688.
5.OnSeptember22,1862duringAmericanCivilWar,LincolnissuedthefamousdocumentEmancipationProclamationwhichwouldbecomeeffectiveonJanuary1,1863.itprovidedthatalltheblackslavesintherebellingstateswerefreedandtheywerewelcometojointhearmedforcesoftheUnion.
四.1.ThelongestriverinBritainisSevernriver.
2.TheWaroftheRoseswentonfor30years.
3.AmericanCivilWarbeganin1861.
4.ThemainstreamAmericansarecalledWASPs.
5.AmericanCongressconsistsofSenateandHouseofRepresentatives.
五.SomehistorianssaythattheworldenteredColdWarimmediatelyaftertheSecondWorldWarended.Theconflictsarosebasicallyfromtheseparateconceptsofpostwarworldorder.TheUnitedStates,relyingonitslargeeconomicandmilitarystrength,triedtoplaytheroleofworldpoliceunderthepretextoffightingagainsttheSovietexpansion.TheSovietUnionputforwardthetheorythattherecouldbenolong-termpeacefulcoexistencebetweensocialismandcapitalismandtheSovietUnionshouldrapidlybuildupitsstrengthforthefinalstruggleagainstcapitalism,representedbytheUnitedStatesandBritain.ColdWarwascharacterizedbyinternationaltensionandconflictswithoutbloody“hotwar”betweentheSovietUnionandtheUnitedStates.ColdWardidnotenduntilafterthecollapseofBerlinWallin1989.
英语国家概况参考答案
I.1C2B3B4D5A6B7C8D9D10B11A12B13A14B15B16D17B18D19C20A21B22D23A24C25A
II.1.F2.F3.T4.T5.T6.F7.F8.T9.T10.T11.F12.T13.T14.F15.T
III.1.thefeudalsystem2.JohnBunyon,JohnMilton3.Teheran;
Yalta;
Potsdam4.strong5.industry;
agriculture
6.contributionsnationalinsurance,taxation7.formulate;
supply8.abundant;
raw9.one,onethird10.NorthernIreland11.NorthernTerritory12.Schooloftheair13.land;
buy14.macreconomic,microeconomic15.theCanadianPacificRailway
16.Parliamentary17.BenNevis;
1,300018.England19.CaptainJamesCook20.theGreatDepression
21.registration;
wheels22.Britain;
Italy23.trappers24.GreatBearLake;
GreatSlaveLake
25.theOpposition,Shadowcabinet26.theministers27.Hundred,ambitious28.Cavaliers,Roundheads29.HouseofAssembly30.Acts;
decisions31.jobs,wars
IV.1.Thatcherism
Theelectionof1979returnedtheConservativePartytopowerandMargaretThatcherbecamethefirstwomanprimeministerinBritain.HerpoliciesarepopularlyreferredtoasThatcherism.Itincludedthereturntoprivateownershipofstate-ownedindustries,theuseofmonetaristpoliciestocontrolinflation,theweakeningoftradeunions,thestrengtheningoftheroleofmarketforcesintheeconomy,andanemphasisonlawandorder.
2.diversityofAmericaneducation
DiversityisconsideredtobeanoutstandingcharacteristicofAmericaneducation.Thiscanbeseennotonlyintype,sizeandcontroloftheinstitutions,buteducationalpoliciesandpractices.AsisstatedbytheTenthAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitution,educationisafunctionofthestate,notthefederalgovemment.Aseachstatehasthefreedomtodevelopitsownschoolsystemanddelegatesitspowerovereducationtolocaldistricts,manyvariationscanbefoundintheeducationsystemofthe50states.
3.theCanadianShield
TheCanadianShieldisasemicircularbandofrockyhighlandsandplateausaroundHudsonBayfromthenorthernshoresofQuebectotheArcticshoresoftheNorthwestTerritories.Itisaregionofroundedhills,andtensofthousandsoflakesandswamps.
4.Australia'
sserviceindustries
Serviceindustriesarealsocalled"
tertiaryindusty"
.Thissectornowincludesanadditional"
quaternary"
level,whichcoverstheresearch,processingandstorageofinformation.Australia'
sservicesectoristhefastestgrowingone.Ithasbeengrowinginimportance,duetohigherlivingstandardsandgreaterdemandformoreandbettertransportandhousing,andtheexpansionbygovernmentofeducational,healthandwelfareservices.
5.theNewDeal
InordertodealwiththeDepression,PresidentFranklinRooseveltputforwardtheNewDealprogram.ItpassedalotofNewDeallawsandsetupmanyefficientsocialsecuritysystems.TheNewDealhelpedtosaveAmericandemocracyandthedevelopmentofAmericaneconomy.
V.1.LookataphysicalmapoftheUnitedStatesandfindoutandnamethemainmonitionranges,riversandlakesintheUnitedStates.
TherearetwomainmountainrangesintheUnitedStates.TheyaretheAppalachianMountainsandtheRockyMountains.TherearemanyimportantriversintheUnitedStates.TheMississippiRiveranditstwobranches,theMissouriRiverandtheOhioRiver,flowsouthtotheGulfofMexico.OnthePacificsidetherearetwogreatrivers:
theColoradoRiverandtheColumbiaRiver.TheRioGrandeRiverformsanaturalboundarybetweenMexicoandtheUnitedStates.OtherwellknownriversincludetheHudsonRiverwhichmeetstheAtlanticOceanatNewYurkandthePotomacboardingthenationalcapitalofWashington.ThemostimportantlakesintheUnitedStatesaretheGreatLakes.TheyareLakeSuperior,LakeMichigan,LakeHuron,LakeErieandLakeOntario.TheyarealllocatedbetweenCanadaandtheUnitedStatesexceptLadeMichigan.
2.HowmanyconstituenciesarethereinBritaintoday
HowmanymembersarethereintheHouseofCommons
Toholdgeneralelections,Britainisdividedinto651constituencies,eachofwhichreturnsonemembertotheHouseofCommons.Thereare651membersintheHouseofCommnos.
3.WhatweretheeffectsofEuropeansettlementontheAborigines
Whitesettlementin1788proveddisastrousfortheAborigines.
(1)Aboriginalcultureandsocietyweretotallydisruptedbecauseofatotalconflictofcultures.
(2)ThelossolandtowhitepeopleledtothebreakdownoftheirtriballifebecauseAboriginalculturewasbasedontheland.(3)Afterlosingtheirland,Aboriginesbecamedependentonwhitehandouts.TheycopiedtheEuropeanhabitofdrinkingalcohol,whichdestroyedlargenumbersofAborigines.(4)ThewhitesalsobroughtmanydiseaseswhichtheAborigineshadnoresistanceto.(5)Allthese,combinedwiththeviolencebetweenEuropeansandAboriginesresultedinthedrasticallyreductioninAboriginalpopulation.TheAborigineshavealwaysbeeninunfavorablepositioneversince1788.TheAboriginesstillfacelegal,political,economicandsocialdiscriminationtoday.
4.SinnFein
SinnFeinwastheIri