英美概况试题答案Word文档格式.docx

1、4. Black Death was the modern name given to the deadly bubonic plague, an epidemic disease spread by rat fleas. It spread through Europe in the 14th century. It swept through England in the summer of 1348 without warning. It killed many people. As a result of the plague, much land was left untended

2、and there was a terrible shortage of labor. 5. The Constitution of the United States is the basic instrument of American government and the supreme law of the land. It is the oldest written constitution in the world. It was drawn up in 1787 and went into effect in 1789. It founded federalism and int

3、roduced checks and balances into government for the first time in history. 四1. The Second War between America and England was during 18121814.2. The two major political parties in Britain are Conservative Party and Labor Party.3. Britain enjoys maritime climate. 4. Richard Nixon was involved in Wate

4、rgate Scandal. 5. The most important river in Britain is Thames River. 五 In 1066 the army of William, Duke of Normandy, defeated King Harolds troops. He was crowned King of England. He then built a string of defense castle ensure his military control of the whole country. This is the Norman Conquest

5、 in British history. After the Norman Conquest, William the Conqueror confiscated almost all the land and gave it to his Norman followers. He replaced the weak Saxon rule with a strong Norman government. So the feudal system was completely established, England. Relations with the Continent were open

6、ed. The civilization and commerce were extended. Norman-French culture, language, manners, and architecture ere introduced.英美概况模拟试题（二）一15dbaca 610 cccdb 1115 dbbca 1620daccb二15 FTTFF 610 TTTFF 1115 FFTTT 1620 FTTFT三1 It refers to a series of measures taken by Franklin Roosevelt in 1932 to prevent th

7、e possible collapse of the American economic and political system.2 It was a movement of revolt in the 1960s against the moral values, the aesthetic standards, the personal behavior. and the social relations of conventional society. 3 Each of the three branches of the governmentthe legislative, the

8、executive and the judicialhas part of the powers but not all the power. Each branch can check, or block, the actions of the other branches. The three branches are thus in balance. This is called “checks and balances”.4 A constitutional monarchy is a county in which head of the state is a king or a q

9、ueen. In practice, the Sovereign reigns, but does not rule. In English history, constitutional monarchy was established after Glorious Revolution in 1688.5 On September 22, 1862 during American Civil War, Lincoln issued the famous document Emancipation Proclamation which would become effective on Ja

10、nuary 1, 1863. it provided that all the black slaves in the rebelling states were freed and they were welcome to join the armed forces of the Union. 四1. The longest river in Britain is Severn river.2. The War of the Roses went on for 30 years.3. American Civil War began in 1861.4. The mainstream Ame

11、ricans are called WASPs.5. American Congress consists of Senate and House of Representatives. 五Some historians say that the world entered Cold War immediately after the Second World War ended. The conflicts arose basically from the separate concepts of postwar world order. The United States, relying

12、 on its large economic and military strength, tried to play the role of world police under the pretext of fighting against the Soviet expansion. The Soviet Union put forward the theory that there could be no long-term peaceful coexistence between socialism and capitalism and the Soviet Union should

13、rapidly build up its strength for the final struggle against capitalism, represented by the United States and Britain. Cold War was characterized by international tension and conflicts without bloody “hot war” between the Soviet Union and the United States. Cold War did not end until after the colla

14、pse of Berlin Wall in 1989. 英语国家概况参考答案 I. 1C 2B3B4D5A6B7C8D9D10B11A12B13A14B15B16D17B18D19C20A21B22D23A24C25AII. 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. F 7. F 8. T 9. T 10. T 11. F 12. T 13. T 14. F 15. T III. 1. the feudal system 2. John Bunyon, John Milton 3. Teheran; Yalta; Potsdam 4. strong 5. industry; ag

15、riculture 6. contributions national insurance, taxation 7. formulate; supply 8. abundant; raw 9. one, one third 10. Northern Ireland 11. Northern Territory 12. School of the air 13. land; buy 14. macreconomic, microeconomic 15. the Canadian Pacific Railway 16. Parliamentary 17. Ben Nevis; 1,3000 18.

16、 England 19. Captain James Cook 20. the Great Depression 21. registration; wheels 22. Britain; Italy 23. trappers 24. Great Bear Lake; Great Slave Lake 25. the Opposition, Shadow cabinet 26. the ministers 27. Hundred, ambitious 28. Cavaliers, Roundheads 29. House of Assembly 30. Acts; decisions 31.

17、jobs, wars IV. 1. Thatcherism The election of 1979 returned the Conservative Party to power and Margaret Thatcher became the first woman prime minister in Britain. Her policies are popularly referred to as Thatcherism. It included the return to private ownership of state - owned industries, the use

18、of monetarist policies to control inflation, the weakening of trade unions, the strengthening of the role of market forces in the economy, and an emphasis on law and order. 2. diversity of American education Diversity is considered to be an outstanding characteristic of American education. This can

19、be seen not only in type, size and control of the institutions, but educational policies and practices. As is stated by the Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, education is a function of the state, not the federal govemment. As each state has the freedom to develop its own school syst

20、em and delegates its power over education to local districts, many variations can be found in the education system of the 50 states. 3. the Canadian Shield The Canadian Shield is a semicircular band of rocky highlands and plateaus around Hudson Bay from the northern shores of Quebec to the Arctic sh

21、ores of the Northwest Territories. It is a region of rounded hills, and tens of thousands of lakes and swamps. 4. Australias service industries Service industries are also called tertiary industy. This sector now includes an additional quaternary level, which covers the research, processing and stor

22、age of information. Australias service sector is the fastestgrowing one. It has been growing in importance, due to higher living standards and greater demand for more and better transport and housing, and the expansion by government of educational, health and welfare services. 5. the New Deal In ord

23、er to deal with the Depression, President Franklin Roosevelt put forward the New Deal program. It passed a lot of New Deal laws and set up many efficient social security systems. The New Deal helped to save American democracy and the development of American economy. V. 1. Look at a physical map of t

24、he United States and find out and name the main monition ranges, rivers and lakes in the United States. There are two main mountain ranges in the United States. They are the Appalachian Mountains and the Rocky Mountains. There are many important rivers in the United States. The Mississippi River and

25、 its two branches, the Missouri River and the Ohio River, flow south to the Gulf of Mexico. On the Pacific side there are two great rivers: the Colorado River and the Columbia River. The Rio Grande River forms a natural boundary between Mexico and the United States. Other well known rivers include t

26、he Hudson River which meets the Atlantic Ocean at New Yurk and the Potomac boarding the national capital of Washington. The most important lakes in the United States are the Great Lakes. They are Lake Superior, Lake Michigan, Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario. They are all located between Canad

27、a and the United States except Lade Michigan. 2. How many constituencies are there in Britain today How many members are there in the House of Commons To hold general elections, Britain is divided into 651 constituencies, each of which returns one member to the House of Commons. There are 651 member

28、s in the House of Commnos. 3. What were the effects of European settlement on the Aborigines White settlement in 1788 proved disastrous for the Aborigines. （1） Aboriginal culture and society were totally disrupted because of a total conflict of cultures. （2） The loss o land to white people led to th

29、e breakdown of their tribal life because Aboriginal culture was based on the land. （3） After losing their land, Aborigines became dependent on white handouts. They copied the European habit of drinking alcohol, which destroyed large numbers of Aborigines. （4） The whites also brought many diseases wh

30、ich the Aborigines had no resistance to. （5） All these, combined with the violence between Europeans and Aborigines resulted in the drastically reduction in Aboriginal population. The Aborigines have always been in unfavorable position ever since 1788. The Aborigines still face legal, political, economic and social discrimination today. 4. Sinn Fein Sinn Fein was the Iri