宾语从句Word格式文档下载.docx

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宾语从句Word格式文档下载.docx

3)名词性从句包括表语从句、同位语从句、宾语从句、主语从句等。

a)主语从句句子作主语

Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisveryimportant.

b)表语从句句子作表语

Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.

c)同位语从句句子作同位语

Thenewsisveryexciting.Wewonthegame.

Thenewsthatwewonthegameisveryexciting.

定语从句

一、定义:

置于动词、介词等词后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。

a)谓语动词、介词、动词不定式、v-ing均可接宾语从句。

b)有些形容词如afraid、sure、glad之后也可接宾语从句。

二、引导词

引导词包括:

连词:

that(可省略)、whether\if

连接代词:

who、whose、what、which

连接副词:

when、how、why

1.陈述句转化成宾语从句时,引导词用that,that无义,且在句子中不作句子成分。

Iknowhim.Heisateacher.

Iknow(that)heisateacher.

Theteachertoldus.Theearthmovesaroundthesun.

Theteachertoldus(that)theearthmovesaroundthesun.

通常情况下,that可以省略,但是下列情况that不可以省略。

a.如果that引导的是几个表示并列关系的宾语从句时,最后一个that不能够省略。

e.g.Iknow(that)TomcomesfromFrenchandthatheteachesinGuilinnow.

b.主从句中间有插入语时,that不宜省略。

e.g.itsayshere,onthiscard,thatmenuseditinplays.

2.一般疑问句变成宾语从句时,由whether和if引导,译为“是否”,不能够省略。

一般疑问句作宾语从时,语序需改成陈述语序。

Whether和if引导的宾语从句常在ask、wonder、can\couldyoutellme、let`ssee等后面.

Isthereabankbesidethestore?

Iwonder.

Iwonderwhether/ifthereisabankbesidethestore?

CouldIpasstheexam?

Couldyoutellme?

Couldyoutellmewhether/ifIcouldpasstheexam?

Couldyoufindoutsomethinguseful?

Heasked.

Heaskedwhether/ifIcouldfindoutsomethinguseful.

注意只能用whether不能用if的情况:

a.在介词的后面。

I`mthinkingofwhetherweshouldgofishing.

Weareworriedaboutwhetheritwillraintomorrow.

b.在动词不定式的前面。

Theyaskedmewhethertogoshopping.

c.当与ornot连用或者提出两种选择时。

Idon`tknowwhetherheisfreeornot.

Tellmewhetheryouwouldliketogoshoppingorcleantheroom.

d.宾语从句如果是否定句,只用whether不用if。

Idon`tcarewhetheritdoesn`train.

练一练用适当的连词(that、whether、if)填空。

1.Iaskedher()shehadabike.

2.We`reworriedabout()heissafe.

3.Iwonder()heiswell.

4.Idon`tknow()heiswellornot.

5.Idon`tknow()togo.

6.Idon`tknow()toacceptorrefuse.

7.Wehaven`tdecided()togothere.

8.Myteachersaid()Iwasagoodboy.

9.Iamsure()hewillsucceed.

10.Iknow()sheisateacherand()sheisfromAustralia.

11.Doyouknow()Kategetsupearly.

12.Itdependson()itisgoingrain.

13.Letmeknow()youcancomeornot.

3.特殊疑问句变成宾语从句时,原句的特殊疑问词在从句中作引导词,成为连接代词(what、who、whose、which)和连接副词的(when、where、how、why)。

特殊疑问句作宾语从句时,需要将原来的语序改成陈述语序。

a.Wheredoyoulive?

Heasked.

HeaskedwhereIlived.

b.Howcantheygettothepostoffice?

Heaskedhowtheycouldgettothepostoffice.

c.Whosebookwasthat?

Mr.Wangasked.

Mr.WangaskedWhosebookthatwas?

d.Whenshouldwemeetagain?

Hedidn`ttellme.

Hedidn`ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.

e.Whowillteachus?

Iwonderwhowillteachus.

f.Whatdoyourfatherdo?

Myteacheraskedme.

Myteacheraskedmewhatyourfatherdid.

带how的词组也可以引导宾语从句:

g.HowmuchdoesitcosttoflytoHainan?

Couldyoutellme.

CouldyoutellmehowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan.

h.Howoldisyourbrother?

Iwanttoknow.

Iwanttoknowhowoldyourbrotheris.

此外,还有howoften|、howlong、howfar、howmany、howsoon.

练一练用适当的how词组填空。

1.Pleasetellme()youwillbeready.

2.Pleasetellus()studentsthereareinyourschool?

3.Couldyoutellus()youvisityourgrandmotherinamonth.

4.Iwanttoknow()themeetingwilllast.

5.Idon`tknow()itistothecinemafromhere。

三、语序

宾语从句的语序用陈述语序:

连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分

1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?

Heasks.

Heaskswhenwillhegotothelibrary?

(F)

主语谓语其他

Heaskswhenhewillgotothelibrary?

c

主句从句

2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?

Idon`tknow.

Idon`tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy?

Idon`tknowwhathewantstobuy?

(T)

练一练句子改写:

将简单句改写成宾语从句。

1.Whoarewegoingtomeet?

Canyoutellme?

2.DoesheknowFrench?

3.WilltheygototheCanadainsummer?

Theyarenotsure.

4.Iwonder…whereshouldwegonext?

5.Doyouknow…Whydoeshestayupsolate?

6.HowcanIgettothestation?

当宾语从句的原句为以下句子时,句子语序不变。

What`swrong?

What`sthematter?

What`shappening?

等。

四、时态

1.如果主句是现在时态(包括一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时等)从句的时态可根据实际的情况而定。

Jimwenttoworkanhourago.Jimwenttoworkanhourago.

HeisinterestedinEnglish.宾语从句HeisinterestedinEnglish.

原句Shewillcometomorrow.IhearthatShewillcometomorrow.

TomhasbeentoLondontwice.TomhasbeentoLondontwice

2.如果主句的谓语动词是过去时态,宾语从句通常也要用过去的某种时态。

HeisinterestedinEnglish.宾语从句HewasinterestedinEnglish.

原句Shewillcometomorrow.HesaidthatShewouldcometomorrow.

TomhasbeentoLondontwice.TomhadbeentoLondontwice.

3.当宾语从句表示的是客观真理时,宾语从句的时态不受主句时态的限制,仍旧一般现在时。

Hetoldmethattheearthmovesaroundthesun.

Hetoldmethatsummerisafterspring.

Theteachertoldusthesunrisesintheeast.

注意:

could/would表示的是委婉语气,不是过去时,因此从句时态根据不同的情况用不同的时态。

e.g.couldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?

Wouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?

a.TheseflowersarefromGuangdong.Hesaid.

b.Lighttravelsfasterthansound.Myteachertoldme.

c.CantheyspeakFrench?

Iwanttoknow.

d.Howmanypeoplecanyouseeinthepicture.Whoknows?

e.Wheredidsheparkhercar?

Doyouknow?

五、总结

宾that(陈述句,无义,可省略)

语引导词if/whether(一般疑问句)

从特殊疑问词(特殊疑问句)

句主句为现在时态,从句可为任何时态。

三时态主句为过去时态,从句为过去的某种时态。

要客观真理,时态不变。

素语序宾语从句的语序要用陈述语序。

六、经典例题

1.Theteacherasksus()Jimcancomebackontime.

A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime

2.Doesanyoneknow()wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.

A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that

3.Letmetellyou.

A.howmuchisthecar.B.howmuchdoesthecarcost.C.howmuchdidIpayforthecar.D.howmuchIspentonthecar

4.Pleasetellme().

A.Whatdoeshelike.B.Whathedoeslike.C.Whathelikes.D.Whathelike.

Findoutthemistakesandcorrect.

a.Couldyoutellmewheredotheylive.

b.SheknewthatDannyisastudent.

c.Hetoldmethatwinterwasafterautumn.

d.Doyouknowwhocaritis.

Choosetherightanswer.

1.Couldyoutellmehowlong()thebook?

AIcankeepB.canIborrowC.Icanborrow.D.canIkeep

2.Iwanttoknow()yesterday?

A.whydidyoucomelateB.whyyoucamelateC.whydoyoucomelateD.whyyoucomelate

3.Couldyoutellme()tomorrowmorning?

--well,itwillstartat9:

00.

A.Whenthemeetingwillstart

B.Wherewillthemeetingstart

C.Wherethemeetingstart

D.Whenwillthemeetingstart

4.Canyoutellme()?

A.Whatwillwedo

B.Wewilldowhat

C.Whatwewilldo

D.Willwedowhat

5.Doyouknow()forshanghailastnight?

--At9:

A.Whattimeheleaves

B.Whattimedoesheleave

C.Whattimeheleft

D.Whattimedidheleave

Translate

a)我想知道你喜欢什么颜色。

b)你能告诉我你住哪吗?

c)玛丽想知道你能否帮助她?

d)Danny说他明天出发去上海。

e)我想汤姆已经完成作业了。

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