托福阅读推断题Word格式文档下载.docx
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n地理位置处于到墨西哥谷东南部的天然商路上;
n谷本身的黑曜石资源;
山谷的大量灌溉的潜力。
要想说清楚其他因素所扮演的角色就难的多了——比如,Teotihuacá
n作为圣地的宗教意义;
墨西哥谷及周边直到公元前第一个千年的历史情况;
n精英阶层的3远见;
最后还有自然灾害的影响,诸如公元前一千年的火山喷发。
Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraphs2and3abouttheVolcaniceruptionsofthelatefirstmillenniumB.C.?
以volcaniceruptionsofthelatefirsrmillenniumB.C.
○Theyweremorefrequentthanhistoriansoncethought.
○TheymayhavedonemoredamagetoTeotihuacá
nthantoneighboringcenters.
○TheymayhaveplayedamajorroleintheriseofTeotihuacá
n.
○TheyincreasedtheneedforextensiveirrigationintheTeotihuacá
nValley
做关键词定位至第二段最后一句,这个是诸多factor当中的一个,而这些factor都是促进T城发展的,所以答案是C。
也可以排除法,A无相关信息;
第三段第三句说火山对T影响很大,没跟其他的比较,B错;
第二段第二句说到了irrigation,但与问题无关,错
ThislastfactorisatleastcircumstantiallyimplicatedinTeotihuacá
n’srise.Priorto200B.C.,anumberofrelativelysmallcenterscoexistedinandneartheValleyofMexico.Aroundthistime,thelargestofthesecenters,Cuicuilco,wasseriouslyaffectedbyavolcaniceruption,withmuchofitsagriculturallandcoveredbylava.WithCuicuilcoeliminatedasapotentialrival,anyoneofanumberofrelativelymodesttownsmighthaveemergedasaleadingeconomicandpoliticalpowerinCentralMexico.Thearchaeologicalevidenceclearlyindicates,though,thatTeotiluacanwasthecenterthatdidariseasthepredominantforceintheareabythefirstcenturyA.D.最后一个因素至少从环境上与Teotihuacá
n古城的崛起有牵连。
在公元前200年之前,有很多相对的小的中心共存于墨西哥谷及附近。
大约在此时,这些中心中的最大者,Cuicuilco,受到了一次火山喷发的严重影响,它的大部分耕地被火山熔岩所覆盖。
伴随着Cuicuilco作为一个潜在对手的消失,任何一个相对较小的城镇都有可能在中央墨西哥形成领导性的经济政治力量。
尽管考古学证据清晰地表明Teotiluacan确实在公元1世纪成长为这一地区的主要力量。
【TPO-8
(1)6#7#】
Whatcanbeinferredfromparagraph3aboutCuicuilcopriorto200B.C.?
○Itwasafairlysmallcityuntilthatdate.
○ItwaslocatedoutsidetheValleyofMexico.
○Itemergedrapidlyasaneconomicalandpoliticalcenter.
○Itseconomyreliedheavilyonagriculture.
以Cuicuilco做关键词定位至第三段第二句,说Cui这个地方受火山活动影响,农田被lava覆盖,接着一句就说Cui消除了,所以没有农田就没有Cui,答案是D。
A与原文说反,应该是大的,不是小的;
B的outside和原文中的in说反,错;
C中的rapidly没说,错
2,Sporeslightenoughtofloatonthebreezeswerecarriedthousandsofmilesfrommoreancientlandsanddepositedatrandomacrossthebaremountainflanks.Afewofthesesporesfoundatoeholdonthedark,forbiddingrocksandgrewandbegantoworktheirtransformationupontheland.Lichenswereprobablythefirstsuccessfulflora.Thesearenotsingleindividualplants;
eachoneisasymbioticcombinationofanalgaandafungus.ThealgaecapturetheSun'
senergybyphotosynthesisandstoreitinorganicmolecules.Thefungiabsorbmoistureandmineralsaltsfromtherocks,passingtheseoninwasteproductsthatnourishalgae.Itissignificantthattheearliestlivingthingsthatbuiltcommunitiesontheseislandsareexamplesofsymbiosis,aphenomenonthatdependsupontheclosecooperationoftwoormoreformsoflifeandaprinciplethatisveryimportantinislandcommunities.【TPO-9(3)2#】
Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph2thatthefungi真菌inlichens地衣类benefitfromtheirsymbioticrelationship共生关系withalgae藻类inwhatway?
○Thealgaehelpthefungimeetsomeoftheirenergyneeds.
○ThealgaeprotectthefungifromtheSun'
sradiation.
○Thealgaeprovidethefungiwithgreaterspaceforabsorbingwater.
○Thefungiproducelesswasteinthepresenceofalgae.
以lichen,fungus和algae做关键词定位至第三句以后,说algae捕获太阳能并储存,而fungi从土壤中吸收矿物质,滋养algae。
问的是fungi如何受益,所以前半句是答案,A正确。
B虽然提到sun,但不是保护,注意不要错选;
C和D都没说
3,JustaspainteddesignsonGreekpotsmayseemtodaytobepurelydecorative,whereas然而infacttheywerecarefullyandpreciselyworkedoutsothatatthetime,theirmeaningwasclear,soitiswithChinesepots.Totwentieth-centuryeyes,Chinesepotterymayappearmerelydecorative,yettotheChinesetheformofeachobjectanditsadornment装饰品hadmeaningandsignificance.Thedragonrepresentedtheemperor,andthephoenix,theempress女皇;
thepomegranate石榴indicatedfertility,生育,多产andapairoffish,happiness;
mandarinducks鸳鸯stoodforweddedbliss天赐良缘;
thepinetree松树,peach,andcrane鹤areemblems象征oflonglife;
andfishleapingfromwavesindicatedsuccessinthecivilserviceexaminations公务员考试.OnlywhenEuropeandecorativethemeswereintroduceddidthesemeaningsbecomeobscuredorevenlost.【TPO-10
(1)11#】
Paragraph5suggestswhichofthefollowingaboutthedecorationsonChinesepottery陶器?
○Theyhadmoreimportanceforaristocrats贵族thanforordinarycitizens.
○TheirsignificancemayhaveremainedclearhadtheChinesenotcomeunderforeigninfluence.
○TheycontainsomeofthesameimagesthatappearonGreekpots罐子
○TheirsignificanceisnowascleartotwentiethcenturyobserversasitwastotheearlyChinese.
问题中关键词不明显,排除法。
A的ordinarycitizens和aristocrat原文没说;
B的foreigninfluence做关键词定位至最后一句的European,说直到引入欧洲theme之后中国原有的装饰的意思才被obscure,对应B,没有foreigninfluence那些意思不会改变,正确;
C没说;
D反了,应该是ancient更熟悉
4,ToSouthAmericans,robinsarebirdsthatflynortheveryspring.ToNorthAmericans,therobinssimplyvacationinthesoutheachwinter.Furthermore,theyflytoveryspecificplacesinSouthAmericaandwilloftencomebacktothesametreesinNorthAmericanyardsthefollowingspring.Thequestionisnotwhytheywouldleavethecoldofwintersomuchashowtheyfindtheirwayaround.Thequestionperplexedpeopleforyears,until,inthe1950s,aGermanscientistnamedGustaveKramerprovidedsomeanswersand.intheprocess,raisednewquestions.对于南美洲的人来说,知更鸟每年春天都会向北飞。
对于北美的人来说,几乎每年冬天都要向南飞。
还有就是,它们飞往南美特定的地方并且会在接下来的春天回到北美林场相同的树上。
与其说问题是它们为什么会在冬天很冷的时候离开,不如说是它们是如何找到路的。
许多年来,人们一直为这个问题所困惑,直到1950年代,一个叫GustaveKramer的科学家提供了答案,在这个过程中也提出了新的问题。
【TPO-11
(2)1#】
Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredaboutbirdmigrationfromparagraph1?
○Birdswilltakethemostdirectmigratoryroutetotheirnewhabitat.
○Thepurposeofmigrationistojoinwithlargergroupsofbirds.
○Birdmigrationgenerallyinvolvesmovingbackandforthbetweennorthandsouth.
○Thedestinationofbirds'
migrationcanchangefromyeartoyear.
这道题的关键词明显不是很好找,而且排除法的话答案又太长,所以看本段的开头,说南美的鸟春天飞去北方,而北美的鸟冬天飞去南方,所以答案是C,betweennorthandsouth,其他的选项都没有相关信息
5,So,inanothersetofexperiments,Kramerputidenticalfoodboxesaroundthecage,withfoodinonlyoneoftheboxes.Theboxeswerestationary,andtheonecontainingfoodwasalwaysatthesamepointofthecompass.However,itspositionwithrespecttothesurroundingscouldbechangedbyrevolvingeithertheinnercagecontainingthebirdsortheouterwalls,whichservedasthebackground.AslongasthebirdscouldseetheSun,nomatterhowtheirsurroundingswerealtered,theywentdirectlytothecorrectfoodbox.Whethertheboxappearedinfrontoftherightwallortheleftwall,theyshowednosignsofconfusion.Onovercastdays,however,thebirdsweredisorientedandhadtroublelocatingtheirfoodbox.在另一组实验中,Kramer在笼子周围放上好几个一摸一样的食品盒子,但是只有一个真的有吃的在里面。
这些盒子是不动的,而且那个装有事物的盒子总是在罗盘的同一点处。
但是通过转动里面的装鸟的笼子或者是作为背景的外壁,它相对于周围环境的位置可能会改变。
只要鸟能够看到太阳,不管它们的周遭环境如何变化,它们都能够直接找到正确的实物盒。
不管这个盒子出现在左面外壁的前面还是右边外壁的前面,它们一点都不迷惑。
然而,在阴天的时候,鸟儿们会迷失方向并且在定位它们的食物盒时候遇到麻烦。
【TPO-11
(2)7#】
Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromparagraph4aboutKramersreasonforfillingonefoodboxandleavingtherestempty?
○Hebelievedthebirdswouldeatfoodfromonlyonebox.
○HewantedtoseewhethertheSunalonecontrolledthebirds'
abilitytonavigatetowardtheboxwithfood.
○Hethoughtthatifalltheboxescontainedfood,thiswoulddistractthebirdsfromfollowingtheirmigratoryroute.
○Heneededtotestwhetherthebirdspreferredhavingthefoodatanyparticularpointofthecompass.
以foodbox做关键词定位至本段倒数两句,说不管盒子怎么放鸟都不会晕,但阴天的时候就会晕,结合前文一直在说的K做的实验,说明鸟是用太阳识别方向的,所以答案是B,而且这段一开始就说anothersetofexperiments所以可以往前看,前一段也在说鸟用太阳辨别方向,所以这段说的只是一系列试验中的一个,其他没说
6,Furtherevidenceforthecostsofbeggingcomesfromastudyofdifferencesinthebeggingcallsofwarblerspeciesthatnestonthegroundversusthosethatnestintherelativesafetyoftrees.Theyoungofground-nestingwarblersproducebeggingcheepsofhigherfrequenciesthandotheirtree-nestingrelatives.Thesehigher-frequencysoundsdonottravelasfar,andsomaybetterconcealtheindividualsproducingthem,whoareespeciallyvulnerabletopredatorsintheirgroundnests.DavidHaskellcreatedartificialnestswithclayeggsandplacedthemonthegroundbesideataperecorderthatplayedthebeggingcallsofeithertree-nestingorofground-nestingwarblers.Theeggs“advertised”bythetree-nesters'
beggingcallswerefoundbittensignificantlymoreoftenthantheeggsassociatedwiththeground-nesters'
calls.一项有关在地上做窝与在在相对安全的树上做窝的不同种的刺嘴莺的乞食叫声之间的不同的研究提供了进一步的证据。
地上做窝的刺嘴莺的幼鸟发出的乞食的唧唧声与树上做窝的相比频率更高。
这些高频率的声音传播的不远,这样就能够更好的隐藏发出这些声音的幼鸟。
这些在地上窝中的幼鸟极容易受到捕食者的伤害。
DavidHaskell做了一个假的窝,在这个窝里放上鸟蛋,并且把它们放在播放树上做窝以及地上做窝的刺嘴莺的乞食叫声的录音机旁边。
那些因为树上做窝的刺嘴莺的乞食声而受到注意鸟蛋与和地上做窝的刺嘴莺乞食声相连的鸟蛋相比被咬食的次数明显要多。
【TPO-11(3)4#】
Paragraph2indicatesthatthebeggingcallsoftreenestingwarblers鸣鸟
○putthematmoreriskthanground-nestingwarblersexperience
○canbeheardfroma