职称英语考试卫生类A级新增文章阅读理解和完型填空题Word格式.docx
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'
Isuspectitwon'
tbeabettersociety."
Itwouldcertainlybeaverydifferentsociety.Peoplearealreadyfindingitmoredifficulttostaymarried.Divorceratesarerising.Whatwouldhappentomarriageinasocietywherepeoplelivedfor140years?
Andwhatwouldhappentofamilylifeifnineor10generationsofthesamefamilywereallaliveatthesametime?
Researchintoageingmayenablewomentoremainfertileforlonger.Andthatraisestheprospectofhaving100-year-oldparents,orbrothersandsistersborn50yearsapart.Wethinkofaneldersiblingassomeonewhocanprotectusandofferhelpandadvice.Thatwouldbehardtodoifthatsiblingcamefromacompletelydifferentgeneration.
Workinglifewouldalsobeaffected,especiallyiftheretirementagewaslifted.Morepeoplewouldstayinworkforlonger.Thatwouldgiveusthebenefitsofage-skill,wisdomandgoodjudgment.
Ontheotherhand,morepeopleworkingforlongerwouldcreategreatercompetitionforjobs.Itwouldmakeitmoredifficultforyoungerpeopletofindajob.Toppostswouldbedominatedbythesamefewindividuals,makingcareerprogressmoredifficult.Andhoweasilywoulda25-year-oldemployeebeabletocommunicatewitha125-year-oldboss?
Youngpeoplewouldbeasmallerpartofasocietyinwhichpeoplelivedto140.Itmaybethatsuchasocietywouldplacelessimportanceonguidingandeducatingyoungpeople,andmoreonmakinglifecomfortablefortheold.
Andsocietywouldfeelverydifferentifmoreofitsmemberswereolder.Therewouldbemorewisdom,butlessenergy.Youngpeopleliketomoveabout.Oldpeopleliketositstill.Youngpeopletendtoactwithoutthinking.Oldpeopletendtothinkwithoutacting.Youngpeoplearecuriousandliketoexperiencedifferentthings.Oldpeoplearelessenthusiasticaboutchange.Infact,theyarelessenthusiasticabouteverything.
Theeffectofanti-ageingtechnologyisdeeperthanwemightthink.Butasthescienceadvances,weneedtothinkaboutthesechangesnow."
Ifthiscouldeverhappen,thenwe'
dbetteraskwhatkindofsocietywewanttoget,"
saysDanielCallahan."
Wehadbetternotgoanywherenearituntilwehavefigurethoseproblemsout."
词汇:
mice/mais/n.老鼠(复数)
sibling/'
sibli?
/n.兄弟姐妹
bioethicist//n.生物伦理学家
注释:
1.brothersandsistersborn50yearsapart出生年份相隔50年的兄弟姐妹
2.Wehadbetternotgoanywherenearit我们最好离它远点,这里的it指代前面讲的anti-ageingtechnology.
练习:
1.
WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasoneofthethingsthatlivinglongermightenableanindividualtodo?
A.Spending
moretimewithhisfamily.
B.Having
moreeducation.
C.Realizingmoredreams.
D.Workinglonger.
2.
Whichofthefollowingisimpliedinthesixthparagraph?
A.MarriagesintheUStodayarequiteunstable.
B.MoreandmorepeopleintheUStodaywanttogetmarried.
C.Livinglongerwouldmakeiteasierforpeopletomaintaintheirmaritalties.
D.Ifpeoplelivelonger,theywouldstayinmarriagelonger.
3.
AllofthefollowingarepossibleeffectslivinglongermighthaveonworkinglifeEXCEPT
A.Communicationbetweenemployersandemployeeswouldbemoredifficult.
B.Moremoneywouldbeusedbyemployeesinpaymentoftheiremployees.
C.Thejobmarketwouldbemorecompetitive.
D.Itwouldbemoredifficultforyoungpeopletobepromotedtotoppositions.
4.
Animportantfeatureofasocietyinwhichpeoplelivealonglifeisthat
A.itplacesmoreemphasisoneducatingtheyoung.
B.itisbothwiseandenergetic.
C.itlacksthecuriositytoexperimentwhatisnew.
D.itwelcomeschanges.
5.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesCallahan'
sattitudetoanti-ageingtechnology?
A.Optimistic.
B.Pessimistic.
C.Reserved.
D.Negative.
答案与题解:
1.B
长寿使个人能做的事主要在第三、四段里讲到,作者没有提到长寿可以让人更多地接受教育。
A
本题答案以下面的这两句话为依据:
People
arealreadyfinding
itmoredifficult
tostaymarried.
Divorceratesarerising.
暗示美国人目前的婚姻关系已经十分脆弱。
B
文章的第九段讲了寿命延长、退休推迟可能带来的种种问题,但作者没有提到雇佣者需要更多的钱来支付员工的工资。
C
答案可以在第十、十一这两段里找到。
5.
本题的答案依据可以在最后一段里找到。
Callahan认为在搞清楚长寿社会会给我们带来哪些问题之前,最好不要急着搞抗衰老的技术。
可见他对抗衰老技术的发展是有保留的。
SomePeopleDoNotTasteSaltLikeOthers
Low-saltfoodsmaybeharderforsomepeopletolikethanothers,accordingtoastudybyaPennStateCollegeofAgriculturalSciencesfoodscientist.Theresearchindicatesthatgeneticfactorsinf1uencesomeofthedifferenceinthelevelsofsaltweliketoeat.
Thoseconclusionsareimportantbecauserecent,well-publicizedeffortstoreducethesaltcontentinfoodhaveleftmanypeoplestrugglingtoacceptfarethatsimplydoesnottasteasgoodtothemasitdoestoothers,pointedoutJohnHayes,assistantprofessoroffoodscience,whowasleadinvestigatoronthestudy.
Dietshighinsaltcanincreasetheriskofhighbloodpressureandstroke.Thatiswhypublichealthexpertsandfoodcompaniesareworkingtogetheronwaystohelpconsumerslowersaltintakethroughfoodsthatareenjoyabletoeat.Thisstudyincreasesunderstandingofsaltpreferenceandconsumption.
Theresearchinvolved87carefullyscreenedparticipantswhosampledsaltyfoodssuchassoupandchips,onmultipleoccasions,spreadoutoverweeks.Testsubjectswere45menand42women,reportedlyhealthy,ranginginagefrom20to40years.Thesamplewascomposedofindividualswhowerenotactivelymodifyingtheirdietaryintakeanddidnotsmokecigarettes.Theyratedtheintensityoftasteonacommonlyusedscientificscale,rangingfrombarelydetectabletostrongestsensationofanykind.
Mostofuslikethetasteofsalt.However,someindividualseatmoresalt,bothbecausetheylikethetasteofsaltinessmore,andalsobecauseitisneededtoblockotherunpleasanttastesinfood."
saidHayes."
Supertasters,peoplewhoexperiencetastesmoreintensely,consumemoresaltthandonontasters.Snackfoodshavesaltinessastheirprimaryflavor,andatleastforthesefoods,moreisbetter,sothesupertastersseemtolikethemmore."
However,supertastersalsoneedhigherlevelsofsalttoblockunpleasantbittertastesinfoodssuchascheese,Hayesnoted."
Forexample,cheeseisawonderfulblendofdairyflavorsfromfermentedmilk,butalsobittertastesfromripeningthatareblockedbysalt,"
hesaid."
Asupertasterfindslow-saltcheeseunpleasantbecausethebitternessistoopronounced."
Hayescitedresearchdonemorethan75yearsagobyachemistnamedFoxandageneticistnamedBlakeslee,showingthatindividualsdifferintheirabilitytotastecertainchemicals.Asaresult,Hayesexplained,weknowthatawiderangeintasteacuityexists,andthisvariationisasnormalasvariationsineyeandhaircolor.
Somepeople,calledsupertasters,describebittercompoundsasbeingextremelybitter,whileothers,callednontasters,findthesesamebittercompoundstobetastelessoronlyweaklybitter."
hesaid."
Responsetobittercompoundsisoneofmanywaystoidentifybiologicaldifferencesinfoodpreferencebecausesupertastingisnotlimitedtobitterness."
publicize/'
p?
blisaiz/v.引起公众对…的注意;
(用广告)宣传
dietary/'
dai?
teri/adj.饮食的;
规定食物的
ferment/'
f?
:
ment/v.(使)发酵
geneticist/d?
i'
netisist/n.遗传学家
acuity/?
'
kju:
iti/n.敏锐;
尖锐
1.PennStateCollegeofAgriculturalSciences:
即PennStateUniversity-CollegeofAgriculturalSciences宾州州立大学农学院。
Penn是Pennsylvania的缩写,是美国宾夕法尼亚州州名。
宾州州立大学建于1855年,在全国共有24个分校。
在句中,PennStateCollegeofAgriculturalSciences用作定语,修饰foodscientist。
2.well-publicizedeffortstoreducethesaltcontentinfood:
有关减少食物含盐量的大力宣传的做法.
3.leftmanypeoplestrugglingtoacceptfarethatsimplydoesnottasteasgoodtothemasitdoestoothers:
使得许多人努力去接受适合其他人而不适合他们口味的食物。
fare相当于food。
4.leadinvestigator:
研发项目负责人
5.…carefullyscreenedparticipantswhosampledsaltyfoodsassoupandchips,onmultipleoccasion,spreadoutoverweeks:
……经过仔细筛选的实验参与者,他们在几周内的不同时间里品尝加了盐的食物,如汤和薯条。
6.toopronounced:
此处pronounced为形容词,意为verynoticeable,conspicuous(明显的,显著的)。
7.supertasting:
超重味感
1.Inparagraph2,JohnHayespointsoutthat
itisgoodtohealthtoeatfoodwithoutsalt.
B
manypeoplerejectlow-saltfoodcompletely.
manypeopleacceptlow-salttastelessfoodreluctantly
D
foodwithreducedsalttastesbetter.
Thefourthparagraphdescribesbriefly
A.
howtoselectsubjectsandwhattodointheresearch.
B.
howtoidentifysupertastersandnontasters.
C.
whytolimitthenumberofsubjectsto87persons.
D.
whytoselectmoremalesubjectsthanfemaleones.
Thearticlearguesthatsupertasters
likethetasteofsaltinesstoblocksweettastesinfood.
likesnackfoodsassaltinessistheirprimaryflav