新编剑桥商务英语(高级)第三版8.1.doc

新编剑桥商务英语(高级)第三版8.1.doc

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Module8

8.1beingresponsible

Vocabularyenvironmentproblems

1inwhichofthefollowingareasareyouenvironmentallyconscious?

Whatthingsdoyoudowhicharenotsoenvironmentallyfriendly?

Giveexamples.

Actionwithimpactonthefriendlylessfriendly

environment

1savingenergyIuselow-energy

lightbulbs.

2usingpublictransport

3limitinghowmuchyoufly

4conservingwater

5recyclingwaste

6purchasinggreenproducts

7supportinglocalshopsand

Businesses

2whichoftheseenvironmentproblems:

Aarenatural?

Bareman-made?

Ccouldbeeither?

Earthquakesoilspillsatseanuclearradiationleakshurricaneslandslidessmogdecliningfishstocksdroughtextinctionofdifferentspecies

Floodingchemicalexplosionsvolcaniceruptions

3whichoftheseproblemshasyourcountryexperiencedinrecentyears?

Howweretheyhandled?

Whatprecautionshavebeentakenagainstfutureoccurrences?

Reading

4ofthesegroupsinsociety,whocandomosttocombatpollutionndclimatechange?

Aindividualconsumers

Blargecompanies

Cgovernments

5belowisanextractfromthelittleearthbooksuggestingapossiblewaytocontrolman-madepollution.Readthetextquickly.Whichofthesesentencesdoyouthinktheauthorwouldagreewith?

AAmericanspollutemorebecausetheyproducemoreoftheworld’swealth.

BtheUSA’spursuitofwealthisdamagingtheplanetforeveryoneelse.

Ctherearemoreimportantproblemsthandamagetotheenvironment.

Ddamagetotheenvironmentisthemostimportantproblemintheworldtody.

Ewecansolvetheproblemifwealldosomethingtohelpinourownlives.

Fthisproblemrequiresconcertedactionfromgovernmentsandinternationalorganisations.

Tradingpollutionquotas

Howcanweeliminatepollution?

Thebiggestthreattheworldhaseverfacedistherisinglevelofgreenhousegasesintheatmosphere.Wemustreduceemissionstoalevelthattheworldcansustain.Thereisnoalternative.Theegasesarenessentialpartofabalancedecosystem;itisonlyinexcessthattheybecomedangerous.Buttogetthembacktoasafelevel,emissionswillhavetobereducedbyover60%.Sincefinancialmarketsaresopowerful,theyshouldbedesignedtorewardcountriesforreducingemissions.Amechanismfordoingthisisquirtsimpleandobvious,andisonlyobscuredbyindustrialcountriesattemptingtoavoidpayingafairpricefortheirresources.Hereishowsuchamarketcouldoperate.

▪Onaverageeveryoneintheworldisresponsiblefor4.21tonnesofcarbonemissionsyear.

▪Iftheatmospherecanonlysustainlimitedquantityofcarbondioxide,shouldonepersonbeallowedtoemitalotmorethananother?

Everyoneshouldhaveanequalallowance,ie4.21tonnesatpresent,butreducingwithtime.

▪anIndianemits0.81tonnesonaverageandthereforehassurplusof3.4tonnesavailableforsale.

▪anaverageAmericanemits19.53tonnes.Hethereforeneedstobuy15.32tonnesinordertomaintainhislifestyle.

MultipliedbypopulationthismeansthatIndiahas3.2billiontonnesofCO2forsaleandtheUSneedstobuy4.1billiontonnes.TheUSneedstobuythewholeofIndia’ssurplusandmorebesides.AlternativelytheUSmustreduceitsemissions.Tradingonthisbasismeansthatmoneywouldflowfromtherichnations,whicharecausingtheclimatehavoc,topoornationsthatresufferingfromit.TheUNdevelopmentprogrammecommented,‘suchflowswouldbeneitheraidnorcharity.Theywouldbetheoutcomeofafree-marketmechanismthatpenalisestherichernations.’Thusfairmarketsystemfortradablequotawouldresultinafairerworld.Eachnation’sallowancecouldthengraduallybereducedonanequalpercapitabasistoagloballysustainablelevel.

6underlinethesentencesinthetextthatsupportyouranswertoexercise4above.

7whichofthesentencesinexercise5abovedoyouagreewith?

8doyouthinksuchatradingsystemwouldwork?

Why?

Whynot?

9howdoyoupronouncethefollowingfigures?

160%24.21tonnesperyear33.2bntonnesofCO2

Reading

1readtheconclusiontothepassage”tradingpollutionquotas’blow.Inmostlinesthereisanextrawordthatisunnecessaryorgrammaticallyincorrect.Butsomelinesarecorrect.

▪Ithereisanextrawordwritethewordinthemargin.

▪ifthereisnoextrawordinthelinewriteCORRECTinthemargin.

TRADINGPOLLUTIONQUOTAS

0notpractical?

Richnationsmynotlikeitthethoughtofinhabitingafairit

00andequitableworld,butmulti-nationalsmightnotobject-ifamillionairecorrect

1becomebeingabillionaireheisnotgoingtodrinkanymorecocacola,but

2nIndiarisingoutofpovertybecomesamarketingopportunity.But