Strategies on English Translation of Overlaps in ChineseWord文档格式.docx
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A.DefinitionofEnglishoverlaps…………………………………………….10
B.TheclassificationofEnglishoverlappedwords………..............................10
1.Overlapsofcompletesyllables…………………………………………….11
2.Overlapsofapproximatesyllables…………………………………………11
3.Theparticularoverlaps……………………………………………………..12
C.ThefunctionofoverlappedwordsinEnglish……………………………..12
1.Strengtheningthemeaning………………………………………..……….13
2.Enlargingthemeaning…………………………………………..…………13
3.Narrowingthemeaning……………………………………………..……..13
4.Shiftingthemeaning………………………………………………..……..13
IV.Thestrategiesofoverlaps’translation….……………….……...13
A.Thestrategiestorealizetheequivalenceintheeffect…………………….14
1.Employingrhetoricaldevice………………………………………………15
2.MakeuseofChinesephoneticalphabets………………………………….21
3.MakeagooduseoftheoverlapsinEnglish………………………………22
B.Thestrategiestokeeptheequivalenceinthemeaning…………..……….22
1.Usetheadjectivalandtheadverbial………………………………………23
2.Usetheverbs……………………………………………………………...26
3.Usethepluralformofthenountotranslatetheoverlaps…………………28
C.Thestrategiestomaintainotherequivalence..............................................28
1.ThechangeinthePositionofWord……………………………………….29
2.SLadverb+verb→TLverb……………………………………………...…30
V.Conclusion………………………………………………..………….….33
Acknowledgement.……………………………………………….….35
Bibliography..……………………………………………….….……36
Abstract
OverlapsareacommonlinguisticphenomenoninChinese.TheuseofoverlapsisatypicalartisticmeanstodisplaythebeautyofChineseinrhythms,formsandimages.However,owingtothedifferentexpressionsbetweenChineseandEnglish,reduplicatedwordsaredifficulttobetranslatedliterally.Someexpertshavealwaysbeentryingtofindsolutionstothisproblem,andoneamongofthemisLuXun（鲁迅）whopointedoutinhisworksfromwordstotexts（《自文字至文章》）thattranslationistoapplytheprincipleofthe“ThreeIdentities”.WangYanrongandWangChangjiang（王艳荣.王长江,2008:
52）usefreetranslationtodealwiththerenderingofoverlaps.BasedontheanalysisofsomerelatedcharacteristicsofbothEnglishandChinese,thispaperistohandletheissuefromtwoaspects:
theequivalenceintheeffectandequivalenceinthemeaning.Then,conformingtotheprincipleof“faithfulness,expressivenessandbeauty”,thisthesisistoexploresomemoreprecisewaystotranslateoverlapwordsofChineseintoEnglish.Inordertoservethispurpose,anumberofexamplesonclassicalpoemsandproseabouttheoverlapandtranslationofthemarepresentedtoillustratetheskillstobeadoptedbythewayofcomparison,explanationandmoredetailedanalysis.
Keywords:
Chineseoverlap,translation,equivalence
汉语重叠词的英译对策
摘要
重叠在汉语中非常常见。
其构词形式丰富多彩，声情并茂功能独特，具有非凡的语言魅力，很容易在读者心中引起共鸣。
重叠是也是用来展示汉语的音律，形式以及意境魅力的一种美学表达形式。
然而由于中英文生活习俗和表达方式各异，重叠词无法按照字面意思对译。
很多语言专家也在尝试用不同的方法去解决这个难题。
鲁迅在他的《自文字至文章》一书中就提出了“三一致”原则的观点，王艳荣和王长江则认为意译法来可以解决重叠词的翻译难题。
本文就是在了解中英文重叠词特性的基础上，从翻译的时效对等和意义对等两个方面着手来解决这个问题。
具体地说，从重叠词的定义、构成、功能等方面着手，分析中英文重叠词的特点，在遵循“忠实、通顺、美感”基本的翻译准则的前提下，进一步详细探求具体的翻译策略。
本文引用了一些经典诗歌和散文中的重叠词并加以翻译，运用对比、解释和叙述等方式，比较分析汉语重叠词的英译对策。
关键词：
汉语重叠词，翻译，对等
I：
Introduction
TherearealargenumberofoverlappedwordsinChinese,whicharemostinimitableinEnglish.Theuseofoverlapsistoenhancethevividnessandvitality.LiuXie（刘勰）（周振甫,2004:
412）pointedoutthattheuseofoverlapsistovividlydescribetheobjectsandsatisfytheneedsandemotionalrequirementsofthesubjects.TherearemanyoverlapsinEnglishaswell,buttheyarequitedifferentfromthoseinChinese,suchasintheform,thefunctionandthepronunciation,etc,whichmakeithardtotranslateoverlapsfreelyandpreciselyintoEnglish.Hence,atfirsttheinvestigationisgoingtobemadeintotheoverlapsinChineseandEnglish.Thereforetheoverlapistobeexploredinthedefinition,theform,theclassificationandthemeaningandsoon.Onthebasisoftheknowledgeoftheoverlaps,thedissimilaritiesbetweenChineseandEnglisharetobepresented,whichwillbetakenintoconsiderationduringthetranslationofoverlaps.Finally,somemethodswillbesuggestedonthetranslationofoverlapsofChineseintoEnglish.
II.TheoverlapinChinese
Asaspecialphenomenon,theoverlappedwordiswidelyusedinChinese.ThemainrhetoricaleffectsofChineseoverlapslieinthreeareas:
reduplicatedwordcanproducespecialsoundeffects.Ithasconspicuouseffectofdescriptionandthefunctionofexpressing.Andthenwewillfromthedefinition,theclassificationandthefunctiontogetknowntheoverlappedwords.
A.DefinitionofChineseoverlaps
Theoverlap（尹衍桐、徐广英,2000:
73）,whichinotherwayiscalledthereduplicatedwordsorthereiterative,meansthereduplicationofthesameword,morpheme,orsyllable；
thereduplicationofwordsisreferredtothereduplicatedformoftheword;
thereduplicationofthemorphemeorsyllableisthereiterativeorreduplicatedwords..
Theoverlap（黄伯荣、廖序东,2002：
23），ismadeupofthetwosamewordfeet.
Therefore,fromtheseexplanationsweeasilyunderstandthattheoverlapisformedbythetwopartswhicharethesameinthepronunciationsandtheformsandsoon.
Asweallknow,thereareagreatnumberofoverlapsinChinese.Andatthesametime,wecanassortthemintodifferentspicesifwedependondifferentstandards.
B.Theclassificationofoverlappedwords
Justasmentioned,wecangetthedifferenttypesaccordingtodifferentcriteria.
1.Bythecompositionandform
Ifwefollowthisstandard,wecanclassifytheoverlapsintotwodifferenttypes:
thetotaloverlapandthepartialoverlap
i.Thetotaloverlap
Thetotaloverlapisjustappliedtothesekindsofoverlapswhicharemadeupby2charactersor4characters.IfuseAtostandforthefirstChinesecharacterandBfortheotherdifferentcharacter,thenwegetfollowingexactexamples（雷蕾,1999:
26）
1）AA:
渐渐刚刚天天
2）AABB:
郁郁苍苍密密麻麻三三两两
3）ABAB：
研究研究考虑考虑一天一天
ii.Thepartialoverlap
Thepartialoverlapisreferringtothisphenomenonthatthisoverlapcontainsmorethan2characters（getridoftheoverlapsmentionedinthetotaloverlap）.AndalsoweuseAinsteadofthefirstChinesecharacter,andBisthesecond,Cisthethirdandsoon.Therefore,wegetnewexamplesasfollows（ibid）:
1）AAB:
散散步毛毛雨聊聊天
2）ABB:
天苍苍红彤彤一个个
3）BCAA:
白雪皑皑得意洋洋风尘仆仆
4）AABC:
楚楚动人心心相印步步为营
5）ABAC:
忙里忙外边唱边跳一心一意
6）A了/一A:
看一看尝一尝吹一吹
7）A呀/啊A:
走呀走游啊游唱啊唱
8）A着A着:
说着说着数着数着跳着跳着
9）A里AB:
糊里糊涂娇里娇气罗里啰嗦
10）A都A不B:
爬都爬不动听都听不完
11）AB又AB:
一年又一年一次又一次
2.Bythepartofspeech
Thepartofspeechmeansthecharacteristicorpropertyofacertainword,whichcoversthenoun,theverb,theadjectival,theadverbial,theonomatoeiaandthequantifier.Consequently,wegetnewclassification:
（黄锦华,1997:
82-85）
1）nounoverlaps:
妈妈天天人人
2）verboverlaps:
看一看忍忍说着说着
3）adjectivaloverlaps:
小小迢迢摇摇晃晃
4）adverbialoverlaps:
刚刚渐渐默默
5）onomatoeiaoverlaps:
哗哗呵呵叮铃铃
6）quantifieroverlaps:
个个次次件件
C.Thefunctionofoverlappedwords
Ifanitemofwordsareduplicated,therewillbeachangeaboutthemeaning,andthenthefunctionofthereduplicatedwordswillbedifferentfromeachother,whichwillmakelanguagemorevividandthetextmoretouching.Thesechangesareclassifiedasfollows:
1.Addingthemeaning（刘红珍,2002:
65）
Thisphenomenonwillappearwhenthenounandthequantifierarereduplicated.Forexample,“个”means“one”,“天”means“thedayoroneday”,“簇”means“cluster.”Whilewhentheyarereduplicated,anewmeaningisadded,“个个”means“everyone,eachone”,“天天”means“everyday”,“一簇簇”means“manyclusters”.
2.Strengtheningthemeaning（ibid）
Thisphenomenonwillappearwhenthepartialadjectival,theadverbialandthequantifierarereduplicated.Suchas“一步”istranslatedinto“onestep”,“甜的”is“sweet”,whilewhentheyareoverlapped,“一步一步地”is“stepbystep”,“甜甜的”is“verysweet”.Formtheexamples,thedegreeofthewords'
meaningisstrengthenedandstressed.
3.Softeningthemeaning（金立,2003:
63）
Thisphenomenonwillappearwhentheverbandthepartialadjectivalareduplicated.Forexample,“小的”wouldbetranslatedinto“short”,“看”wouldbetranslatedinto“see”whilethewordsarereduplicated,“小小的”is“itty-bitty”,“看看”is“haveasee”.Formtheexamples,theextentofthemeaningsofwordsaresoftenedandeasedoff.
III.TheoverlapinEnglish
BecauseEnglishisalphabeticlanguageandeverywordisranginginaline,shortandlong,itisimpossibletohavethesameeffectinocularaestheticfeeling.However,EnglishstillhasitsreduplicativewordsthesameasinChinese,Suchascoca-cola,filmflanandbonbonetc.Butwhatoneartharetheydifferentfromeachother?
Now,weexplainthisissuefromthefollowingaspects:
A.DefinitionofEnglishoverlaps
Reduplicationisagrammaticallyfunctionalrepetitionofaradicalelementorapartofitoccurringusuallyatthebegi
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