常见动词过去式过去分词的变化规则.docx
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常见动词过去式过去分词的变化规则
动词过去式和过去分词有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
一、规则变化:
1.一般情况直接加ed,如ask—asked,work—worked
2.以不发音的e结尾,只加d,如love—loved,dance—danced
3.以辅音字母加y结尾,把y变为i,再加ed,如try—tried,study—studied
4.以一个元音字母和一个辅音结尾的重读闭音节结尾的动词(以重读闭音节或r音节结尾而末尾只有一个辅音字母),先双写末尾这个辅音字母,再加ed,如stop—stopped,permit—permitted
注:
A.以l结尾的动词,尾音节重读时,双写l,如control—controlled;尾音节不重读时,双不双写都可以,如travel—traveled(美)/travelled(英)。
B.特例:
picnic—picnicked—picnicked(去野餐),traffic—trafficked—trafficked(交易,在…通行)另外,还有很多动词的过去式和过去分词是不合乎上述规则的,需要熟记.(见后)
C.读音与说明:
①.-ed在清辅音音素后发音为[t]:
helped,liked,finished,fetched,stopped,clapped
②.-ed在浊辅音和元音后发音为[d]:
believed,changed,planned,preferred,followed,stayed
③.-ed在[t]、[d]后发音为[id]:
wanted,needed,admitted,permitted
二、不规则动词(Irregular Verbs)的过去式大体上归纳有以下记忆法:
1. 以t结尾的词,过去式与原形相同。
如:
put—put, let—let, cut—cut, beat—beat read—read must--must
2. 以d结尾的词,把d变成t。
如:
build—built, lend—lent, send—sent, spend—spent
3. 以n结尾的词,在词后加t。
如:
mean—meant, burn—burnt, learn—learnt
4. 以ow / aw结尾的词,把ow / aw变成ew。
如:
blow—blew, draw—drew, know—knew, grow—grew throw—threw(动词show除外,show—showed)
5. 含有双写字母的词,将双写改为单写,在词尾加t。
如:
keep—kept, sleep—slept, feel—felt, smell—smelt sweep—swept
6. 含有元音字母o / i的词,将o / i变成a。
如:
come—came become—became sing—sang, give—gave, sit—sat, drink—drank
7.以ought和aught结尾,且读音是〔:
t〕的过去式。
如:
bring—brought,buy—bought,think—thought,catch—caught,teach—taught
8.把重读开音节中的i改为o,变成过去式。
如:
drive—drove,ride—rode,write—wrote
9.动词原形中的e改为o,如:
get—got,forget—forgot
10.动词原形中的ee改为e,如:
feed—fed,meet—met
11.动词原形中的eak改为oke,如:
break—broke,speak—spoke
12.动词原形中的ell改为old,如:
sell—sold,tell—told
13.动词原形中的an改为oo,如:
stand—stood,understand—understood
14.以ould结尾且读音为〔ud〕的情态动词过去式。
如:
can—could,shall—should,will—would
15.在动词原形后加d或t变成过去式,并且发生音变。
如:
hear〔hi 〕—heard〔h :
d〕, say〔sei〕—said〔sed〕,mean〔mi:
n〕—meant〔ment〕
16.不符合上述规律的动词过去式。
如:
am,is—was,are—were,build—built,do—did,eat—ate,fall—fell,find—found,fly—flew,go—went,have /has— had,hold—held,leave—left,make—made,may—might,run—ran,see—saw,take—took
新人教版初中英语不规则动词归类记忆表
一、AAA型:
动词原形与过去式、过去分词一样(原形→原形→原形)
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语意思
read
read
read
读
cut
cut
cut
切,割
let
let
let
让
put
put
put
放
cost
cost
cost
花费,值
hit
hit
hit
撞,击
set
set
set
安排,安置
hurt
hurt
hurt
使…伤痛
二、ABA型:
动词原形与过去分词一样(原形→过去式→原形)
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语意思
become
became
become
成为
come
came
come
来
run
ran
run
跑
三、ABC型:
动词原形与过去式、过去分词都不一样
1.ow→ew→own
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语意思
blow
blew
blown
吹
draw
drew
drawn
画
grow
grew
grown
生长
know
knew
known
知道
fly
flew
flown
飞
2.i→a→u
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语意思
begin
began
begun
开始
drink
drank
drunk
喝
sing
sang
sung
唱
swim
swam
swum
游泳
ring
rang
rung
打电话
3.原形→过去式→过去式+(e)n
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语意思
wear
wore
worn
穿
forget
forgot
forgotten
忘记
speak
spoke
spoken
说
freeze
froze
frozen
冻
choose
chose
chosen
选择
4.原形→过去式→原形+(e)n
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语意思
eat
ate
eaten
吃
forbid
forbade
forbidden
禁止
give
gave
given
给
ride
rode
ridden
骑
see
saw
seen
看见
write
wrote
written
写
fall
fell
fallen
落下
5.无规律
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语意思
am/is
was
been
是
are
were
been
是
do
did
done
做
go
went
gone
走
take
took
taken
拿
四、ABB型
1.原形→ought→ought
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语意思
bring
brought
brought
带来
buy
bought
bought
买
fight
fought
fought
打架
think
thought
thought
思考
2.原形→aught→aught
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语意思
catch
caught
caught
捉,抓
teach
taught
taught
教
3.变其中一个元音字母
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语意思
feed
fed
fed
喂
meet
met
met
遇见
get
got
got
得到
hold
held
held
拥有
babysit
babysat
babysat
临时照看
sit
sat
sat
坐
win
won
won
赢
find
found
found
发现
4.原形→□lt→□lt
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语意思
feel
felt
felt
感到
keep
kept
kept
保持
leave
left
left
离开
sleep
slept
slept
睡
sweep
swept
swept
扫
5.变其中一个辅音字母
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语意思
build
built
built
建造
hear
heard
heard
听见
make
made
made
制造
mean
meant
meant
意思
send
sent
sent
送,寄
spend
spent
spent
花费
deal
dealt
dealt
处理
6.辅音字母和元音字母都变
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语意思
have
had
had
有,吃
lay
lain
lain
放
lose
lost
lost
丢失
pay
paid
paid
付钱
say
said
said
说
sell
sold
sold
卖
tell
told
told
告诉
stand
stood
stood
站
五、AAB型
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语意思
beat
beat
beaten
打败
六、有两种形式
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语意思
bear
bore
born
生
bore
borne
hang
hanged
hanged
吊死
hung
hung
挂
learn
learned
learned
学
learnt
learnt
lie
lied
lied
说谎
lay
lain
躺
show
showed
showed
给…看
showed
shown
spell
spelled
spelled
拼写
spelt
spelt
burn
burned
burned
烧
burnt
burnt
smell
smelled
smelled
闻
smelt
smelt
shine
shined
shined
照耀
shone
shone
dream
dreamed
dreamed
做梦
dreamt
dreamt
wake
waked
waked
醒
woke
woken
hide
hid
hid
躲藏
hid
hidden
七、情态动词
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉语意思
can
could
∕
能
may
might
∕
也许
must
∕
∕
必须
shall
should
∕
将要
will
would
∕
会
初中英语不规则动词表
(二)
原形
过去式
过去分词
汉