上海初中语法Word文档下载推荐.docx
《上海初中语法Word文档下载推荐.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《上海初中语法Word文档下载推荐.docx(35页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
inbed(睡觉),inhospital(住院),inahurry(匆匆忙忙),indanger(危险中),injoy(高兴),ingoodhealth(身体好),inlove(恋爱),introuble(困境),与之相反的是outof,如:
outoftrouble(摆脱困境),outofdate(过时了),outoforder(出故障)
[误]Helookedatmeatsurprise.
[正]Helookedatmeinsurprise.
[析]surprise的用法一般有三种。
①用于句首,Toone'
ssurprise,如:
Tomysurprisehesucceeded.②besurprisedat,如:
Iwassurprisedatthenews.③用于句尾insurprise.
[误]Shedidn'
tcometoschoolbecauseofshewasill.
[正]Shedidn'
tcometoschoolbecauseshewasill.
[析]becauseof后接名词,如:
Thegamewasputoffbecauseoftherain.
(三)例题解析
1-Thankyou___thebeautifulflowers!
-Notatall.
AinBonCatDfor
[答案]D.
[析]由于某事向某人道谢应用for。
2Canyouanswerthisquestion___English?
AbyBinCwithDfrom
[答案]B.
[析]in表示用语言、声音、或材料,如:
Heansweredthequestioninalowvoice.
3Look___themap___China___thewall,please.
Aafter,of,inBat,of,in
Cafter,in,onDat,of,on
[析]lookat为"
看"
,而onthewall为"
在墙表面挂着"
,而inthewall则是"
在墙内"
,如:
Thereisholeinthewall.墙上有个洞。
4-WhendidMrGreenarriveinLondon?
-Hearrivedthere___theeveningofDecember6th.
AatBinConDto
[答案]C.
[析]intheevening/afternoon这两个词组不论是在其前或后加上任何修饰词都应将介词换为on,如:
onacoldmorning,onaspringmorning等。
5Wewontherelayrace.Andtherewasabigsmile___ourteacher'
sface.
AoffBnearConDbetween
6Thetwinsgotonwell___theirclassmates.
AtoBinCwithDabout
[析]getonwellwith与人相处很好。
7-Pleaseremembertocometomybirthdayparty.
-Isee.I'
llcome___Saturdayevening.
AinBatConDfor
8 Let'
shurry,orwe'
llbelate___school
A toB atC withD for
[答案]D.
[析]belatefor,而comelateto,如:
Don'
tcomelatetoschool
9 Theywillhaveamathstest___twodays
A forB atC inD after
[答案]C.
[析]三天之内应用in,而不要受中文影响用after,afterthreedays是个不定的时间范围,即没有一个准确的时间。
5天、6天、10天全是afterthreedays。
10 Mybrotherjoinedthearmy___
A 1989,MarchB inMarch,1989
C March,1989D 1989,inMarch
[答案]B.
[析]在月份、年、前用介词in,而日子前用on。
11 Hecouldn'
tworkoutthemathsproblem___yourhelp
A withoutB underC forD with
[答案]A.
[析]在某人帮助下应用with,如:
WiththehelpoftheteacherIpassedtheexameasily 而要是没有你的帮助则用withoutyourhelp
12 Grannytookonelookatus___herglasses
A byB throughC onD in
[析]through为穿过……。
13 Wehadourbreakfast___aquarter___seven
A /,toB in,toC at,toD on,to
[析]具体时间点前用at,而差几分几点用to,这里应译为:
我在差一刻七点吃的早饭。
14 IlearnFrench___theradioeveryday
A onB inC fromD at
[析]从收音机中听到某事应用词组ontheradio。
15 It'
sgoodmannerstowait___line
A inB onC atD with
[析]inline为排队。
16 HowmanyEnglishwordshadyoulearnt___lastterm?
A bytheendofB attheendof
C totheendofD tilltheendof
[析]bytheendof为动作的截止时间,与完成时态相配合
17 Themanagerwasverysatisfied___hiswork
A inB onC aboutD with
[析]besatisfiedwith为固定搭配。
18 JohnhitJack___face
A ontheB intheC onhisD inhis
[析]英文中的某些动词其后要接人,然后加介词+the+身体部位,如:
Hecaughttheboybythearm。
19 Iwasborn___thenight___September15,1978
A in,onB at,onC at,inD on,of
[析]在时间前加介词时应以最小的时间单位为准。
20 It'
sabadmannertolaugh___peoplewhentheyare___trouble
A over,inB at,inC in,atD at,for
[析]laughat嘲笑某人,laughover笑着谈论某人或某事,introuble陷入困境。
21 Ican'
tdothisworkwell___Tom'
shelp
A underB forC withoutD from
22 Don'
tshout___theoldwoman。
Youshouldbemorepolite___her
A to,atB at,toC in,forD from,for
[析]shoutat为"
冲某人喊叫"
,而bepolitetosomebody为"
对某人和气。
"
23Wemustbestrict___ourselves___everything
Awith,inBin,withCwith,toDto,of
[析]bestrictwith对某人严格要求。
24Hewenttothefootballmatch___lunchlastSunday
AtoBwithoutCbehindDbetween
[析]withoutlunch未吃午饭。
25Thepeople'
sRepublicofChinawasfounded___1949
AwithBonCsinceDin
[析]在年代前用in。
因句子是过去时而不是完成时,所以不能用since。
26MrBlackgottoHangzhou___afewdays
AinBafterConDat
[析]这句话应译为:
几天之后Mr Black到达了杭州。
而不是在几天之内一定要做完某事,所以选B。
27 -Hastheteachergivenyouanyadvice___yourEnglishstudy?
-Yes,hehas
A fromB withC onD in
[析]给予某一方面问题的忠告其介词用on。
28Youmaydepend___him Heis___honestman
Aon,aBin,anCon,anDat,the
[析]dependon为"
依靠某人或某事"
,而honest的首字母h不发音。
29___myjoy,Icananswerthisquestion
AWithBToCByDFor
[析]Toone'
sjoy意为"
使我高兴的是。
30Theteacheraskedthestudentstolook___thewordinthedictionary
AforBatCupDafter
[析]lookfor寻找,lookat看,lookafter照顾,lookup查字典。
31Alittlemonkeyisplaying__atreeandtherearealotofbananas___it
A on,onB in,onC on,inD in,in
[析]树上长出的果实为onthetree 而其他外来之物要用inthetree,表达在树上。
32Igotoschool___buseverymorning.
A.inB.byC.onD.at
[答案]B.
[析]by后直接加交通工具,表示乘某种交通工具去某地。
33Noonelikesaperson___badmanners.
A.withoutB.onC.outofD.with
[答案]D.
[析]withbadmanners有不良习惯的人。
34Thepolicemanwassurprised___thenews.
A.intoB.forC.atD.outof
[答案]C.
[析]besurprisedat对某事吃惊。
35Hehadtosellnewspapers___seven.
A.atanageofB.attheagesofC.attheageofD.atageof
[析]attheageof在几岁时。
36Thelittlegirlcouldn'
thelp___whenshesawalargedog.
A.criedB.tocryC.cryingD.cries
[析]couldn'
thelp+动名词表示情不自禁地去做某事,或禁不住做某事。
37Jackwasborn___March1st,1978.
A.onB.inC.atD.of
[答案]A.
[析]日期,时间前的介词按其表达语中的最小单位计算。
38Edisonwasveryinterested___sciencewhenhewasaboy.
A.toB.onC.inD.about
[析]beinterestedinsomething对某事感兴趣。
39Theteacherwasverysatisfied___heranswer.
A.inB.onC.forD.with
40Thestoryhappened___Beijing.
A.inB.withC.forD.on
七、数词
(一)知识概要
数词用来表示人或物的数目多少和顺序。
所以数词主要有两种:
基数词,用于计数,如:
one,two…而序数词用于表示位置先后或次序,台:
firstsecond…其构成法如下:
阿拉伯数字基数词序数词简写序数词
1onefirst1st
2twosecond2nd
3threethird3rd
4fourfourth4th
5fivefifth5th
6sixsixth6th
7sevenseventh7th
8eighteighth8th
9nineninth9th
10tententh10th
11eleveneleventh11th
12twelvetwelfth12th
13thirteenthirteenth13th
14fourteenfourteenth14th
15fifteenfifteenth15th
16sixteensixteenth16th
17seventeenseventeenth17th
18eighteeneighteenth18yh
19nineteennineteenth19th
20twentytwentieth20th
21twenty-onetwenty-first21st
30thirtythirtieth30th
40fortyfortieth40th
50fiftyfiftieth50th
60sixtysixtieth60th
70seventyseventieth70th
80eightyeightieth80th
90ninetyninetieth90th
100a(one)hundredhundredth100th
104onehundredandfourhundredandfourth104th
1000a(one)thounsandthounsandth1000th
10000tenthounsandtenthounsandth10000th
1000000onemillionmillionth1000000th
基数词与序数词都有一定的构成方法,但都有特殊例外的几个字,所以除了要学会一般构成法之外,还要特别记熟一些例外。
因它们在考试中出现的频率很高。
1基数词构成结构
21~99的两位数字,在10位和个位之间加连字符构成,如89-eighty-nine.101~999的三位数字,由hundred加and再加二位数或未位数字,如:
101-onehundredandone,223-twohundredandtwenty-three.四位以上数字,应从个位起向前数三位加逗号,读作thousand,再数三位加第二个逗号,读作million,再数三位加逗号,读作billion,其读法如下:
1001-onethousandandone5386-fivethousand,threehundredandeighty-six要注意的是hundred,thousand,million与billion的用法。
①前面有别的基数词时,即若干个百、千、百万、十亿时,其本身都不要加s,如:
threehundredstudents。
②若表示成百,成千或数百,数千时,前面不能有基数词,但其本身要用复数形式,然后+of+名词复数。
如:
thousandsandthousandsof。
(成千上万)
2序数词的构成法
序数词除first,second,third以外,其余一般在词尾加th构成,除一般略有差异的各别数词外,很容易掌握。
其二位数或多位数只将后面的个位数字改为序数词,其前面各位数字均不改变,都用基数词。
3其他数字表示法
小数的小数点读作point,零读作o[u]或zero,小数点后面的数字按个位基数词依次读出。
分数分子用基数词,分母用序数词,当分子大于1时,分数要在序数词上加s,但1/2用onehalf,14用aquarter.13读作onethird而23读作twothirds。
百分数(%),读作percent(percent),但不论是多少均用作单数形式不能加s。
表示日期有两种说法和四种写法,如:
2月1号英语表达法为:
thefirstofFebruary而美语为February(the)first,但其书写上可有四种写法① February1②February1st③1stFebruary④1/2。
倍数的讲法有所不同。
两倍用twice,而三倍以上用序数词加times,如:
HehasthreetimesasmanybooksasIhave.
(二)正误辨析
[误]1107shouldbereadasathousandahundredasseven.
[正]1107shouldbereadasonethousandonehundredandseven.
[析]在读数字时,如:
and前只有百或千时,用onehundred/onethousand还是ahundred/athousand全是可以的。
但如果文有百又有千时,则只能用one不要用a。
如果没有and时,如:
1100也只能读作onethousandonehundred或elevenhundred.
[误]Idroveabouthalfmile.
[正]Idroveabouthalfamile.
[析]半小时为halfanhour,半天为halfaday,半镑为halfapound,尽量避免用halfayear,halfamonth,要用sixmonths,twoweeks或fifteendays要注意的是HalfoftheworkisdoneHalfofthebooksaresold.当Half作名词时,其谓语动词要看of后面的名词而定。
如名词是不可数名词则用单数谓语动词,如是复数名词时,则要用复数谓语动词。
要注意的是一个半的表达法,如:
Oneandahalfapplesisleftonthetable.其名词要用复数,但谓语动词则要用单数。
[误]60studentsareplayingontheground.
[正]Sixtystudentsareplayingontheground.
[析]