大学英语六级考试精选模拟题Word格式.docx

大学英语六级考试精选模拟题Word格式.docx

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3．我的看法

LimitingtheUseofPrivateCars

PartⅡReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）（15minutes）

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheetI.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）.Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

RichMan,PoorMan

GluersandsawyersfromthefurniturefactoriesinGalaxnearthemountainsofVirginialosttheirjobslastyearwhenAmericanretailersdecidedtheycouldfindabettersupplierinChina.AttheotherendofthefurnitureindustryRobertNardellilosthisjobthismonthwhenHomeDepotdecideditcouldfindabetterchiefexecutiveinhisdeputy.Butanylikenessendsthere.Mr.Nardelli'

sexitwasasextravagantlyrewardedashisoccupationofthecornerofficehadbeen.Nexttohis$210millionseverancepay,theredundantwoodworkerspackagesweremeantothepointofprovocation（激怒）.

That'

sthewayitgoesallovertherichworld.Ifyoulookback20years,thetotalpayofthetypicaltopAmericanmanagerhasincreasedfromroughly40timestheaverage--thelevelforfourdecades--to110timestheaveragenow.Thesearetheglorydaysofglobalcapitalism.Themixoftechnologyandeconomicintegrationtransformingtheworldhascreatedunparalleledprosperity.Inthepastfiveyearstheworldhasseenfastergrowththanatanytimesincetheearly1970s.Havingjoinedthegloballaborforce,hundredsofmillionsofpeopleindevelopingcountrieshavewonthechancetoescapesqualor（肮脏）andpoverty.Hundredsofmillionsmorestandtojointhem.

Thatpromisestoimprovethelotofhumanityasawholeincalculably.Butintherichworldlabor'

sshareofGDPhasfallentohistoriclows,whileprofitsaresoaring.AclamorisabroadthatMr.Nardelliandhisfriendsamongthetophundredth--oreventhetopthousandth--ofthepopulationareseizingthelion'

sshareofglobalization'

sgains.Meanwhileeveryoneelse--notjustblue-collarfactoryworkersbutalsothewideroffice--workingmiddleclass--shufflesalong,grimlywaitingforthenextroundofcost-cuts.

Fearandclothing

Signsofabacklashabound.StephenRoach,thechiefeconomistatMorganStanley,hascounted27piecesofanti-ChinalegislationinCongresssinceearly2005.TheGermanMarshallFundfoundlastyearthat,althoughmostpeoplestillsaytheyfavorfreetrade,morethanhalfofAmericanswanttoprotectdomesticcompaniesfromforeigncompetitionevenifthatslowseconomicgrowth.Inahintoflabor'

spossibleresurgence,theHouseofRepresentativeshasjustvotedtoraisethefederalminimumwageforthefirsttimeinadecade.EvenJapanisalarmedaboutinequality,stagnant（不景气的）wagesandjobsgoingtoChina.Europehastieditselfinknotstryingto"

manage"

tradeinChinesetextiles.

Shouldyoublameyourcomputer?

Thepaniccomesinpartfromarushtolumpalltheblameonglobalization.Technology--anevenlessresistibleforce--isalsodestroyingwhite-andblue-collartasksinapuffofautomationandmayplayabiggerroleinexplainingrisingwageinequality.Thedistinctionsbetweentechnologyandglobalizationcount,ifonlybecausepeopletendtowelcomecomputersbutcondemnforeigners（whetherascompetitorsorimmigrants）.Thatmakestechnologyeasiertodefend.

Foreconomists,thedebateaboutwhethertechnologyorglobalizationisresponsibleforcapital'

srewardsoutpacingthoseoflaboriscrucial,complicatedandunresolved.Oneschool,whichblamesglobalization,arguesthattherocketingprofitsandsluggishmiddlingwagesofthepastfewyearsarethelong-lastingresultsoftrade,asallthosenewdeveloping-countryworkersenterthelabormarket.Thisschoolsaysthattechnologyhelpsworkersbyincreasingtheirproductivityandbenefitstheminotheraspects.Theopposingschoolretorts（反驳）thattechnologydoesnotincreasewagesimmediatelyastheyblamingglobalizationsay,andsomesortsofinformationtechnologyseemtoboostthereturnstocapitalinstead.

Thefirstruleistoavoidharmingtheverymiraclethatgeneratessomuchwealth.Takeforinstancetheargumentsabouthighexecutivepay.Somesaythisissimplyamatterofgovernance--andforcingcompanyboardstoworkbetter.Ifonlyitwerethatsimple.Highpayis,byandlarge,thepriceneededtoattractandmotivategiftedmanagers,asourspecialreportarguesinthisissue.TheabusesofcompaniessuchasHomeDepotobscurehowmosthighpayhasbeencausednotbypowerfulbossesfixingtheirownwages,butbythechangingjobofthechiefexecutive,thegrowthoflargecompaniesandthecompetitivemarketfortalent.Executive-payrestrictionswouldnotputthathorsebackinitsbox,buttheywouldharmcompanies.

Ifthewinnersaredifficulttocurbwithoutdoingdamagetoyoureconomy,thelosersaretoughtohelp.Dolingoutaidforthevictimsoftrademakessenseintheory;

butinpracticeitisincreasinglyhardtodo.Whenthejobsgoingabroadarenotwholeassemblylines,butbitsofdepartments,howexactlydoyoupickoutthepersonwhohaslosthisjobtoglobalizationfromthemillionsofpeoplechangingjobsforotherreasons?

And,hardheartedthoughitmaysound,mostofthegainsfromtradeandtechnologyalikecomefromthewaytheyredeployinvestmentandlabortoactivitiesthatcreatemorewealth.That,likeallchange,canbepainful;

butitiswhatmakesacountryricher.Apolicylockingpeopleintojobsthatcouldbebetterdoneelsewhereisself-defeating.

Thelimitsofredistribution

Ifprotectionismwillnothelpthelosers,whataboutusingthetaxsystem?

SomearguethatredistributingmorecashfromtheNardellistotheGalaxianswouldnotjustmakesocietylessunequal;

itwouldalsobuymiddle-classsupportforglobalization.Infactthetwoargumentsshouldbekeptseparate.

Thisnewspaperhaslongarguedthatamobilesocietyisbetterthananequalone:

disparitiesaretolerableifcombinedwithmeritocracyandgeneraleconomicadvance.FordecadesAmericahasshownhowdynamiceconomiesarebetterthanequality-drivenonesatgeneratingoverallprosperity.Thatstillleavesplentyofroomtodebatehowprogressivetomaketaxation,orhowlavishtomakepublicservices.Butasocietywouldwantcompellingevidencethatthesocialcontracthadbeentornupbeforeflexingthetaxsystemtooffsetwhatmayturnouttobeonlytemporaryfluctuationsinrelativeincomes.Anditmakeslittlesenseforfree-traderstousetaxestobuyoffpeoplefromvotingforprotectionism,whendoingsowouldinanycasebeagainsttheirinterests.

Active,notreactive

Instead,thewaytoeaseglobalizationisthesameasthewaytoeaseothersortsofeconomicchange,includingtheimpactoftechnology.Theaimistohelppeopletomovejobsascomparativeadvantageshiftsrapidlyfromoneactivitytothenext.Thatmeanslessfrictioninlabormarketsandregulatorysystemsthathelpinvestment.Itmeansaneducationsystemthatequipspeoplewithgeneralskillsthatmakethemmobile.Itmeansdetachinghealthcareandpensionsfromemployment,sothateverytimeyoumoveyourjob,youarenotriskinganawfullotelsebesides.Andforthosewholosetheirjobs--fromwhatevercause--itmeansbeefingupassistance:

generoustrainingandactivepoliciestohelpthemfindwork.

Noneofthatcomescheap--andmuchofittakesyearstowork.Butaneconomythatgainsfromglobalizationcanmoreeasilyfindthemoneytopayforitall.ThebusinesspeopleandpoliticiansgatheringontheirSwissAlpnextweekshouldcertainlyspendmoretimeworryingaboutthecitizensofGalax;

buttheyalsoneedtobefarmorecourageousaboutdefendingaprocessthatcandosomuchgoodevenifitsimpactcansometimesappearsocruel.

1.ComparedwithMr.Nardelli'

sseverancepay,thewoodworkers'

______.

A）seemedtoberedundantB）irritatedthem

C）satisfiedthemD）wasclosetoMr.Nardelli'

s

2.Whathasbroughtaboutunbelievableadvancementoftheglobaleconomyinthelatest20years?

A）TopAmericanmanager.B）Globalcapitalism.

C）Technologyandeconomicintegration.D）Thegloballaborforce.

3.TheviewthattheminoritieslikeMr.Nardelliandhisfriendsareseizingmostofglobalization'

sgainscouldbe______.

A）negativeB）popularC）radicalD）doubtful

4.WhattheGermanMarshallFundfoundlastyearimpliesthat______.

A）mostAmericanstendtofreetrade

B）freetradecouldslowdowneconomicgrowth

C）foreigncompetitioncouldharmdomesticeconomybeyonddoubt

D）mostAmericansdon'

twantaneconomicgrowthatthecostofdomesticcompanies

5.Whichistheelementresponsibleforrisingwageinequality?

A）Technologyasamoreirresistibleforce.B）Technologyandglobalization.

C）Technologyandautomation.D）Socialclassinwhiteandblue-collars.

6.Theschoolwhichblamesglobalizationthinks______.

A）tradeinfluencesmiddlingwagespositively

B）thelabormarketbecomesmoredense

C）technologydecreasesworkers'

wagesatonce

D）thereasonofcapital'

srewardsoutpacingthoseoflaborisuncertain

7.Accordingtothefirstrule,highexecutivepayis______.

A）nothingbutaproblemconcerninggovernanceB）duetotheabusesofpower

C）unrelatedwithbosses'

decisionsD）providedformanagerssothatitwouldharmcompanies

8.Acountrywillbecomericherifit,thoughpainful,fulfils______.