专四模拟试题-阅读篇(附答案详解).doc

专四模拟试题-阅读篇(附答案详解).doc

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A

AsthemerchantclassexpandedintheeighteenthcenturyNorthAmericanColonies,thesilversmithandthecoppersmithbusinessesrosetoserveit.OnlyafewsilversmithswereavailableinNewYorkorBostoninthelateseventeenthcentury,butintheeighteenthcenturytheycouldbefoundinallmajorcolonialcities.Noothercolonialartisansrivaledthesilversmiths’prestige.Theyhandledthemostexpensivematerialsandpossesseddirectconnectionstoprosperouscolonialmerchants.Theirproducts,primarilysilverplatesandbowls,reflectedtheirexaltedstatusandtestifiedtotheircustomers’prominence.Silverstoodasoneofthesurestwaystostorewealthatatimebeforeneighborhoodbanksexisted.Unlikethesilvercoinsfromwhichtheyweremade,silverarticleswerereadilyidentifiable.Oftenformedtoindividualspecifications,theyalwayscarriedthesilversmith’sdistinctivemarkingsandconsequentlycouldbetracedandretrieved.Customersgenerallysecurethesilverforthesilverobjecttheyordered.Theysavedcoins,tookthemtosmiths,anddiscussedthetypeofpiecestheydesired.Silversmithscompliedwiththeserequestsbymeltingthemoneyinasmallfurnace,addingabitofcoppertoformastrongeralloy,andcastingthealloyinrectangularblocks.Theyhammeredtheseingotstotheappropriatethicknessbyhand,shapedthemandpresseddesignsintothemforadornment.Engravingwasalsodonebyhand.Inadditiontoplatesandbowls,somecustomerssoughtmoreintricateproducts,suchassilverteapots.Theseweremadebyshapingorcastingpartsseparatelyandthensolderingthemtogether.Colonialcoppersmithingalsocomeofageintheearlyeighteenthcenturyandprosperedinnortherncities.Copper’sabilitytoconductheatefficientlyandtoresistcorrosioncontributedtoitsattractiveness.ButbecauseitwasexpensiveincolonialAmerica,coppersmithswereneververynumerous.VirtuallyallcopperworkedbySmithswasimportedassheetsorobtainedbyrecyclingoldcoppergoods.Copperwasusedforpracticalitems,butitwasnotadmiredforitsbeauty.Coppersmithsemployedittofashionpotsandkettlesforthehome.Theyshapeditinmuchthesamemannerassilverormelteditinafoundrywithleadortin.Theyalsomixeditwithzinctomakebrassformaritimeandscientificinstruments.

1.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingeighteenthcenturydevelopmentshadstrongimpactonsilversmiths?

A.Adecreaseinthecostofsilver.

B.Theinventionofheatefficientfurnaces.

C.Thegrowingeconomicprosperityofcolonialmerchants.

D.Thedevelopmentofnewtoolsusedtoshapesilver.

2.IncolonialAmerica,wheredidsilversmithsusuallyobtainthematerialtomakesilverarticles?

A.Fromtheirownmines.

B.Fromimporters.

C.Fromothersilversmiths.

D.Fromcustomers.

3.ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingasusesforcopperinColonialAmericaEXCEPT

A.cookingpots

B.scientificinstruments

C.musicalinstruments

D.maritimeinstruments

4.Accordingtothepassage,silversmithsandcoppersmithsincolonialAmericaweresimilarinwhichofthefollowingways?

A.Theamountofsocialprestigetheyhad.

B.Thewaytheyshapedthemetaltheyworkedwith.

C.Thecostofthegoodstheymade.

D.Thepracticalityofthegoodstheymade.

1.C）根据文章第一句“AsthemerchantclassexpandedintheeighteenthcenturyNorthAmericanColonies,...”可知，随着在十八世纪的北美殖民地商人阶级膨胀起来，也就是说那时的商人财富有了很大的发展，银匠铜匠们有机会发挥他们的专长了，这与选项C正好相符。

2.D）根据文章第十四、五行“Customersgenerallysecures…objecttheyordered.Theysavedcoins,tookthemtosmiths,and...”可知顾客要做银器，首先要积攒银币，然后拿到银匠处加工成他们想要的形状。

选项D“来自客户”与之相符。

3.C）文章末尾在提到铜的用途时惟独没有提到乐器。

4.B）根据文章倒数第四行“Theyshapeditinmuchthesamemannerassilverormelteditinafoundrywithleadortin.”可知银匠和铜匠在银器和铜器的塑型方式上是一样的，故选项B为正确答案。

B

OnJanuary10,1962,anenormouspieceofglacierbrokeawayandtumbleddownthesideofamountaininPeru.Ameresevenminuteslater,whencascadingicefinallycametoastoptenmilesdownthemountain,ithadtakenthelivesof4,000people.

Thisdisasterisoneofthemost“devastating”examplesofaverycommonevent:

anavalancheofsnoworice.Becauseitisextremelycoldatveryhighaltitudes,snowrarelymelts.Itjustkeepspilinguphigherandhigher.Glaciersareeventuallycreatedwhentheweightofthesnowissogreatthatthelowerlayersarepressedintosolidice.Butmostavalanchesoccurlongbeforethishappens.Assnowaccumulatesonasteepslope,itreachesacriticalpointatwhichtheslightestvibrationwillsenditslidingintothevalleybelow.

Evenanavalancheoflightpowercanbedangerous,butthePeruviancatastrophewasparticularlyterriblebecauseitwascausedbyaheavylayerofice.Itisestimatedthattheicethatbrokeoffweighedthreemilliontons.Asitcrasheddownthesteepmountainsideli