人教版高中英语选修8课时作业2Learning about Language 1Word下载.docx

人教版高中英语选修8课时作业2Learning about Language 1Word下载.docx

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汤姆每星期日下午拿出两小时和他的儿子在一起。

答案　setsasidetwohours

5．OnlywhenIleftmyparentsforItaly________howmuchIlovethem.

只有当我离开父母去意大利时，我才意识到我有多么爱他们。

答案　didIrealize

Ⅱ.完形填空

ThomasEdisontriedtwothousanddifferentmaterialstomakethelightbulb.Whennoneworkedsatisfactorily，hisassistant__1__，“Allourworkisinvain.Wehavelearnednothing.”

ThomasEdisonrepliedvery__2__，“Oh，wehavecomealongwayandwehave__3__alot.Wenowknowthattherearetwothousandmaterialswhichwecannot__4__tomakeagoodlightbulb.”

Ifyoulearnfromyourmistakes，thenyouare__5__.Ifyoulearnfromsomeoneelse'

smistakes，thenyouareagenius.Successisnothingmorethanafewsimpledisciplines__6__dailyandfailureisnothingmorethanafewsmall__7__repeateddaily.

How__8__theabovelinesare！

Successtakes__9__.We'

llmakemistakes__10__wedothingsintoomuchofahurry.Whenwedonotpracticedisciplinesinlife，wedon'

tbuildenoughconfidenceto__11__newandchallengingtaskswhichareimportantandmatterinlife.Ourconfidence__12__whatwethinkofourselvesandwhetherwebelieveinourselves.Weareallbornwithexceptional__13__，butonlyafewreally__14__theirtruepotentialandmakeeffortsinlifeandtheothersjustleada（n）__15__life.Doyouwanttobeexceptional?

Successisafruitwhicheveryonewantsto__16__butitisnotfoundeverywhereandnoonecan__17__itwithoutseriousefforts.

Thosewhowanttosucceedwillfindaway；

thosewhodon'

twillfinda（n）__18__!

Successdependsuponprevious__19__，andwithoutitwewillendinfailure.Whenyouare__20__，pleaseenjoyitandgiveyourhandtootherswhowanttoaccomplishsomething.

1．A.celebrated　B．complained

C．explainedD．answered

答案　B　

解析　由爱迪生的助手所说的话可知，他有点灰心丧气，所以开始“抱怨（complained）”。

2．A.confidently　B．madlyC．carelessly　D．angrily

答案　A

解析　由后面爱迪生所说的话可知，爱迪生对发明锲而不舍，所以他对自己的工作充满了“信心”。

3．A.remembered　B．refused

C．learnedD．ordered

答案　C

解析　由爱迪生的乐观态度可知，他认为他们已经“学到了（learned）”很多。

上文中助手的话也有提示。

4．A.testB．ignoreC．inventD．use

答案　D

解析　试验证明有两千多种材料不能“用来（use）”做电灯泡。

5．A.healthyB．enthusiastic

C．intelligent　D．generous

解析　此处与下句的“genius”呼应：

如果一个人善于从自己的错误中学习，那他就是“明智的（intelligent）”。

6．A.shownB．preventedC．recorded　D．practiced

解析　成功就是每天要“实践（practiced）”的一些简单的行为准则。

7．A.errorsB．machinesC．jobsD．steps

解析　失败来自于每天重复犯的“小错误（errors）”。

8．A.common　B．strangeC．familiar　D．true

解析　这里用true表示作者完全认同上述这些话。

9．A.effectB．timeC．drugsD．roles

答案　B

解析　由下一句可知，成功需要时间。

10．A.asthough　　B．sothatC．unless　D．if

解析　如果太着急就会犯错误。

if在此引导一个条件状语从句。

11．A.keepB．attemptC．giveD．see

解析　我们不在生活中实践这些准则，就没有足够的自信心去“尝试（attempt）”新的具有挑战性的任务。

12．A.dependson　B．setsaside

C．turnsdown　D．setsup

解析　由上下文可知，我们的自信“取决于（dependson）”我们对自己的看法。

13．A.appearances　B．experiences

C．qualitiesD．feelings

解析　我们每个人生来都具有卓越的“品质（qualities）”。

其他选项不符合常理。

14．A.ownB．realizeC．provide　D．research

解析　但是只有一小部分人“发挥了（realize）”自己的潜能。

realizeone'

spotential发挥某人的潜能。

15．A.active　B．hardC．richD．average

解析　此处选“平庸的（average）”与上下文中的“exceptional”形成对比。

16．A.sellB．drawC．eatD．praise

解析　成功就像人人都想“吃（eat）”的果实，此处用来比喻人人都想拥有成功。

17．A.achieve　B．watchC．offerD．recognize

解析　不付出努力，你就无法“获得（achieve）”成功。

18．A.story　B．excuseC．key　D．plan

解析　想成功的人总是寻找办法，而不想成功的人总是寻找“借口（excuse）”。

19．A.preparation　B．influence

C．lifeD．generation

解析　精心准备会走向成功，反之，则注定会失败。

20．A.powerful　B．wonderfulC．successful　D．hopeful

解析　当你“成功（successful）”时，享受它并帮助其他想取得成功的人。

Ⅲ.阅读理解

A

MarieCuriewasaPolishphysicistandchemistwholivedbetween1867—1934.Togetherwithherhusband，Pierre，shediscoveredtwonewelements（radiumandpolonium，tworadioactiveelementsthattheyextractedchemicallyfrompitch－blendedore）andstudiedtheX－raystheyemitted.ShefoundthattheharmfulpropertiesofX－rayswereabletokilltumors.BytheendofWorldWarⅠ，MarieCuriewasprobablythemostfamouswomanintheworld.Shehadmadeaconsciousdecision，however，nottopatentmethodsofprocessingradiumoritsmedicalapplications.

MarieCuriewasbornonNovember7，1867inPolandanddiedonJuly4，1934.Herco－discoverywithherhusbandPierreCurieoftheradioactiveelementsradiumandpoloniumrepresentsoneofthebest－knownstoriesinmodernscienceforwhichtheywererecognizedin1901withtheNobelPrizeinPhysics.In1911，MarieCuriewashonoredwithasecondNobelPrize，thistimeinChemistry，tohonorherforsuccessfullyisolatingpureradiumanddeterminingradium'

satomicweight.

Asachild，MarieCurieamazedpeoplewithhergreatmemory.Shelearnedtoreadwhenshewasonlyfouryearsold.HerfatherwasaprofessorofscienceandtheinstrumentsthathekeptinaglasscasefascinatedMarie.Shedreamedofbecomingascientist，butthatwouldnotbeeasy.Herfamilybecameverypoor，andattheageof18，Mariebecameagoverness.ShehelpedpayforhersistertostudyinParis.Later，hersisterhelpedMariewithhereducation.In1891，MarieattendedtheSorbonneUniversityinPariswhereshemetandmarriedPierreCurie，awell－knownphysicist.

MarieCuriecontributedgreatlytoourunderstandingofradioactivityandtheeffectsofX－rays.ShereceivedtwoNobelPrizesforherbrilliantwork，butdiedofleukaemia，causedbyherrepeatedexposuretoradioactivematerials.

1．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A．TogiveusageneralintroductiontoMadameCurie.

B．ToshowushowMadameCuriediscoveredradium.

C．TotellushowMadameCuriedevelopedasascientist.

D．TotellushowMadameCuriereceivedtwoNobelPrizes.

解析　主旨大意题。

通读全文可知。

2．MadameCuriewasgiventheNobelPrizeinChemistrybecause________.

A．shediscoveredradium

B．sheseparatedpureradiumandcalculateditsatomicweight

C．shediscoveredpolonium

D．shedidn'

tpatentmethodsofprocessingradium

解析　细节理解题。

根据文中第二段最后一句话可知答案为B项。

3．WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutMadameCurieisNOTtrue?

A．MadameCuriemadegreatcontributionstomedicalscience.

B．MadameCuriewasverysmartandambitiouswhenshewasachild.

C．MadameCuriereceivedtwoNobelPrizesinPhysics.

D．MadameCurie'

shusbandhelpedheralotinherresearch.

根据第二段内容可知居里夫人两次获得诺贝尔奖，第一次是诺贝尔物理学奖，第二次是诺贝尔化学奖。

4．Wecaninferfromthethirdparagraphthat________.

①MadameCuriegotmarriedwhenshewasatcollege.

②MadameCuriehadagreatambitionwhenshewasyoung.

③MadameCurielovedteachingmorethananythingelse.

④MadameCuriemusthavemetalotofdifficultiestogethigheducation.

⑤HerfatherhadagreatinfluenceonMadameCurie'

sfuturecareer.

⑥MadameCuriewasverysmartwhenshewasachild.

A．①②④⑤⑥　B．②④⑤⑥

C．②③④⑤⑥　D．①②③④⑤

解析　推理判断题。

根据第一、二句话可知居里夫人非常聪明；

由第三句可知居里夫人的父亲对她有很大影响；

由第四句可知她有很大的抱负；

根据第五句话可知她所遇到的困难。

她当家庭教师只是由于家庭贫穷；

根据最后一句话可知她在上大学期间遇到了她丈夫，但结婚不一定是在求学期间。

B

Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareformed.It'

snoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.

Socialscientistsare,ofcourse,extremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestions.Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother,andthereisagreatdealofdebatebetweenproponentsofeachtheory.Theargumentisoftenconvenientlyreferredtoasnaturevs.nurture.

Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalandgeneticfactors.Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispredetermined（注定）tosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts（本能）.

Proponentsofthe“nurture”theory,or,astheyareoftencalled,behaviorists,claimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Behavioristsseehumansasbeingswhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.Theirviewofthehumanbeingisquitemechanistic;

theymaintainthat,likemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuli（somethingthathelpssb/sthtodevelopbetterandmorequickly）asthebasisoftheirbehavior.

Thesocialandpoliticalconnectionsofthesetwotheoriesaresignificant.IntheUnitedStates,forexample,blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligenttest.Thisleadssome“nature”proponentstoconcludethatblacksaregeneticallyworsethanwhites.Behaviorists,incontrast,saythatthedifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftenrobbedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy,andthat,asaresult,theydonotdevelopthesameresponsesthatwhitesdo.

Neitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehavior.Infact,itisquitelikelythatthekeytoourbehaviorliessomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Thattheargumentwillcontinueforalongtimeiscertain.

5．Theauthorismainlyconcernedaboutsolvingtheproblem________.

A．whyourpersona