英语介绍西班牙无错版.doc

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IntroduceSpain

WidelyknownforFlamencomusicanddance,bull-fights,fantasticbeachesandlotsofsunshine,Spainhastooffermuchmorethanthat.Itisafascinatingcountrytoknowandtoknowmoreaboutit.

1.History

TheKingdomofSpainwascreatedin1492withtheunificationoftheKingdomofCastileandtheKingdomofAragon.InthisyearitwasalsothefirstvoyageofChristopherColumbustotheNewWorld,beginningthedevelopmentoftheSpanishEmpire.TheInquisitionwasestablishedandJewsandMuslimswhorefusedtoconvertwereexpelledfromthecountry.

ForthenextthreecenturiesSpainwasthemostimportantcolonialpowerintheworld.ItwasthemostpowerfulstateinEuropeandtheforemostglobalpowerduringthe16thcenturyandthegreaterpartofthe17thcentury.Spanishliteratureandfinearts,scholarshipandphilosophyflourishedduringthistime.SpainestablishedavastempireintheAmericas,stretchingfromCaliforniatoPatagonia,andcoloniesinthewesternPacific.

Spain'sEuropeanwars,however,ledtoeconomicdamage,andthelatterpartofthe17thcenturysawagradualdeclineofpowerunderanincreasinglyneglectfulandineptHabsburgregime.ThedeclineculminatedintheWarofSpanishSuccession,whichendedwiththerelegationofSpainfromthepositionofaleadingwesternpower,tothatofasecondaryone,althoughitremainedtheleadingcolonialpower.

Followingaperiodofgrowingpoliticalinstabilityintheearly20thcentury,in1936Spainwasplungedintoabloodycivilwar.Thewarendedinanationalistdictatorship,ledbyFranciscoFrancowhichcontrolledtheSpanishgovernmentuntil1975.SpainwasofficiallyneutralduringWorldWarII,althoughmanySpanishvolunteersfoughtonbothsides.Thepost-wardecadeswererelativelystable，andthecountryexperiencedrapideconomicgrowthinthe1960sandearly1970s.ThedeathofFrancoin1975resultedinthereturnoftheBourbonmonarchyheadedbyPrinceJuanCarlos.Whiletensionsremain（forexample,withMuslimimmigrantsandintheBasqueregion）,modernSpainhasseenthedevelopmentofarobust,moderndemocracyasaconstitutionalmonarchywithpopularKingJuanCarlos,oneofthefastest-growingstandardsoflivinginEurope,entryintotheEuropeanCommunity,andthe1992SummerOlympics.

2.Madrid

ThecapitalofSpainsince1562islocatedatthegeographiccenteroftheIberianPeninsula.Becauseofitscentrallocationandhighaltitude,theclimateofMadridischaracterizedbywarmdrysummersandcoolwinters.

Madridisacityofgreatmonuments.AmongitshighlightsarethemedievalcentersdatingbacktotheHabsburgEmpireandthePradoMuseum.

ButMadridisnotjustaculturaldestination.Itisalsoalivelymetropoliswithmanypubs,cafes,discothequesandnightclubsopenlateintothenight.Don'tbesurprisedifyougetstuckinatrafficjamatfourinthemorning,andthepeopleyoumeetarenotnecessarilygoingofftowork....

3.Barcelona

Barcelona,locatedattheMediterraneanSeaintheverynorthoftheSpanishcoast,iscertainlythemostcosmopolitanandeconomicallymostactivecityinthiscountry.

Ithasalwaysproveditswilltobemodern,tofollowthelatestinternationaltendenciesorbeaheadofthem.Tothetouristthisisevidentespeciallyinitsarchitecture,whichsowellreflectsthegeneralapproachtolifeinthisalwayspulsatingcity.

Ofcourse,Barcelonahasanoldhistory,andtherearemonumentsofRomanesque,GothicandRenaissanceperiodsorstillbefore,butmostcharacteristiciswhathasbeenbuiltduringthelast,say,100years.

BarcelonahasbeenacenterofModernistarchitectureandisdistinguishedespeciallybytheworksofgenialAntoninGaudi,whotogetherwithhisgreatcontemporariesgavenewandexcitinglookstoit,buthasremainedsincethenatthetopofmodernity.

4.Literature

ThetermSpanishliteraturereferstoliteraturewrittenintheSpanishlanguage,includingliteraturecomposedinSpanishbywritersnotnecessarilyfromSpain.

Duetohistoric,geographicandgenerationaldiversity,Spanishliteraturehasknownagreatnumberofinfluencesanditisverydiverse.Catalanliterature,BasqueliteratureandGalicianliterature,etc.

MigueldeCervantesisprobablySpain'smostfamousauthorandhisDonQuixoteisconsideredthemostemblematicworkinthecanonofSpanishliteratureandafoundingclassicofWesternliterature.

5.TomatoFight

Surelytheworlds'biggestfood-fight:

everyyeararound30,00peopledescendontheSpanishtownofBunzl（intheValenciaregionofSpain）tothrowmorethan240,000poundsoftomatoesateachother.

ThefestivalonthelastWednesdayofAugustiscalled'theTomcatting'andisbasicallyatown-widetomatofight.Itisthoughtthetraditionbeganin1945whenafighteruptedamongtwoyoungmem