翻译硕士MTI冲刺讲义1语法与改错Word文档下载推荐.docx
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anightmareofacity噩梦般的城市
note:
如果是特指,只能把第一个不定冠词变成定冠词,即,the...ofa...
theangelofagirl那个天使般的女孩
冠词the的进阶用法
1,如果动作施加在整体的某一个局部之上,那么英文中会把整体当成宾语,局部处理成状语,而局部虽然仍然与整体属于从属关系,此刻却使用定冠词而非物主代词;
Hehitmyhead.(误)
Hehitmeonmyhead.(误)
Hehitmeonthehead.(正)
Shegentlypattedmeontheback.(正)
Hekissedherontheforehead.(正)
2,the+adj.构成一个集体名词,需要注意的是,这样一来就等同于复数形式,后面最好接第三人称单数;
theimpoverished穷人
thedisabled残疾人
Thepalaceisnowopentopublic.(误)
Thepalaceisnowopentothepublic.(正)
冠词真题练习
(1)
Theprevioussectionhasshownhowquicklyarhyme
passesfromoneschoolchildtothenextandillustratesthefurtherthe-a(第一次出现且泛指)
differencebetweenschoolloreandnurserylore.
注:
illustrate此处的意思是“表明...真实”“显示...存在”,等同于demonstrate。
冠词真题练习
(2)
Wemaysaythatthecriesof
painorchortlesofamusementarelargelyreflexactions,
instinctivetolargeextent,whereaslanguageproperdoeslarge前面加a
notconsistofsigns......注意:
extent是不可数名词
讲解:
extent虽然是不可数名词,可是前面加了表示暂时性性质的形容词large,那么根据之前的进阶用法第一点,就必须加上不定冠词。
试比较:
1,Toacertainextent,weareallresponsibleforthistragicsituation.(certain是暂时特征词)
2,Tosomeextentwhatshearguesistrue.(数量不是暂时特征,修饰名词不需加冠词)
3,Towhatextentisthistrueofallschools?
冠词真题练习(3)
Theyquicklybroughtdowntheageatmarriageforbothmen
andwomenandbroughtthebirthratetoatwentiethcenturyheightaftermorethanahundred
yearsofasteadydecline,producingthe"
babyboom"
.Theseyoungadultsestablishedatrend
去掉冠词a(词性,多重修饰s-vs-a)婴儿潮
ofearlymarriageandrelativelylargefamiliesthatwentformorethantwodecades
逻辑关系词
1,逻辑关系词的词性
2,逻辑关系词的分类
3,逻辑关系词的用法
逻辑关系词的词性
sheistardyforschooltoday,howevertheteacherisnotangry.(误)however是副词
sheistardyforschooltoday,buttheteacherisnotangry.(正)
对比:
however,but,nonetheless,nevertheless,whilst,whereas,yet,conversely,contrarily,contraryto,onthecontrary,incontrast;
theformer…,thelatter…;
on(the)onehand…,ontheotherhand…;
instead,insteadof/ratherthan,excluding,except,exceptfor,otherthan,apartfrom
让步:
although,though,evenif,eventhough,despite,inspiteof,regardlessof,irrespectiveof,albeit,notwithstanding,anyway
并列:
and,also,or,aswellas,too,equally,similarly/likewise,besides,neither…nor…,either…or…
递进:
furthermore/moreover,inaddition,inadditionto,what’smore,indeed,even,notonly…but(also)…
原因:
since,because,as,for,given,considering,inthat,becauseof,onthegroundof,inviewof,inthelightof,byvirtueof,onaccountof,dueto,accordingto
结果:
therefore,so,hence,thus,inconsequence,thereby
条件:
if,providing/provided,unless,otherwise,incase,onconditionthat,aslongas,suppose,supposing
逻辑关系词的用法
nonetheless/neverthelessadv.
=despitethisfact
Thebookistoolong,nonetheless,informativeandentertaining.(误)
Thebookistoolongbut,nonetheless,informativeandentertaining.(正)
whereasconj.usedtocompareorcontrasttwofacts
注1:
whereas用于对比的时候,多出现在句中,并且主语不能相同。
Iamoldbutstrong.(正)
Iamoldwhereasstrong.(误)
注2:
whereas用于正式文体中置于句首表示“鉴于”,相当于becauseofthefactthat...
注3:
whereas作为比较的时候无法只引导一个单独的句子,必须出现两个句子。
while/whilstconj.
while/whilst表示对比,所以前后内容同样重要,而but表示转折,所以预期偏向but之后提及的内容;
whilst在英式英语中尤为正式,可以用于专八、雅思等学术类的写作中。
yet通常是adv.
需要注意的是牛津高阶字典中也给出了yet作为conj.表示“然而”的例句:
Itisasmallcar,yetitissurprisinglyspacious.(较为口语)
asyet习语,副词词性,表示“直到某个时候”
anasyetunannouncedplan一项直到现在还未公布的计划
Asyetlittlewasknownofthecausesoftheepidemic.
excludingprep.不包括
excluding并非是exclude的现在分词形式,如果用形容词的话,则是exclusive,表示专有的,排他的。
albeitconj.=although
用于正式文体中
notwithstandingprep./adv.虽然,尽管
Notwithstandingthere'
resomeproblems,Chinahasdonegreatthisyear.(误)
Notwithstandingsomeproblems,Chinahasdonegreatthisyear.(正)
andconj.
专八改错中出现and,除了可能考察and前后句子的逻辑关系是否为并列,更重要的是考察考生是否察觉出and前后句子的时态人称和数是否一致;
“否定XandY”表示不能同时进行X和Y这两个行为,而“否定XorY”是对X和Y都完全否定,试比较:
Youcannotdrinkanddrive.你不能一边喝酒一边开车。
Youcannotdrinkordrive.你既不能开车也不能喝酒。
consideringprep./conj.考虑到,鉴于
Consideringheisonly16,heknowsquitealotaboutit.
此处considering是连词,并非是consider的现在分词形式,许多同学误认为是现在分词引导的伴随状语。
henceadv.因此=forthisreason
therefore=therebyadv.因此
这三个词没有严格的区别,考生不必钻牛角尖,但需要记住它们都是副词;
hence置于时间之后,表示从现在开始多久时间之后。
例:
Theywillbeforgottentwomonthshence.
两个月后他们就会被遗忘。
thusadv.1,=inthisway如此,以此方式
2,=hence,therefore
Thenewmachineswillworkfaster,thusreducingourcosts.
thusfar等同于sofar表示到目前为止。
迄今为止
providing/providedconj.=if=supposing
provided和providing是同义词,且都是连词,考生勿要将其当作provide的过去分词和现在分词
supposing和supposed却有很大区别,supposing是连词表示假设,而supposed却是suppose的过去分词,表示“所谓的”
逻辑关系词真题练习
(1)
Thereareimportantcorollariestotheinvestigativepower.Oneisthepower
topublicizeinvestigationsanditsresults.Mostcommitteehearingsareopentoits改为their
publicandarereportedwidelyinthemassmedia.
逻辑关系词真题练习
(2)
Lessnotedbutequallymoresignificant,themenandwomenwhoformedfamilies
between1940and1960neverthelessreducedthedivorcerateafterapostwarpeak;
their
nevertheless改为also
marriagesremainedintacttoagreaterextentthandidthatofcoupleswhomarriedinearlier
aswellaslaterdecades.
逻辑关系词真题练习(3)
Ifnooneissuggestingthatwereturntoanaboriginallifestyle,if改为while
wecertainlycouldusetheireatinghabitsasamodelforahealthierdiet.
与事实相反(v-ed)
尚未发生(should do)
逻辑关系词真题练习(4)
Apartfromapowerfulcapacityto
payattentiontotheirhelplessnessbyusingsound,thereisnothingpay改为draw
thenewbornchildcandotoensurehisownsurvival.错在逻辑关系上 加黄色背景的表示易错之处
N+al形容词
V+al名词 arrive/arrival
逻辑关系词真题练习(5)
Oneisthefactthatpronunciationis
learnt"
naturally"
andunconsciously,andorthographyislearntdeliberatelyandconsciously.
and改为but
指示代词this(these)或that(those)
区别一
this(these)指靠近自己的,that(those)指靠近对方的
区别二
this作为指代的时候可以具有褒义,而that作为指代的时候可以具有贬义
Nowtellmeaboutthisnewboyfriendofyours.
Idon'
tlikethatnewboyfriendofyours.
区别三
This更多指后文将提到的内容,而that更多指前文刚刚提到过的内容
that在从句中的使用
that可以引导
1,主语从句
2,宾语从句
3,定语从句
4,同位语从句
且用法各不相同
that在主语从句和同位语从句中,that不可省略(相当于名词)
Iheardthenewsourteamhadwon.(误)
Iheardthenewsthatourteamhadwon.(正)
Hefinishedtheessayinsuchashorttimesurprisedus.(误)
Thathefinishedtheessayinsuchashorttimesurprisedus.(正)
that在定语从句和宾语从句中可以省略
但是注意定语从句中必须用that的四种情况:
1.当先行词为anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时,
2.当先行词为all,any,much,many词或被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修饰时,
3.当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时,
4.当先行词是序数词修饰时,
指示代词和物主代词真题练习
(1)
AtthetimetheUnitedStatessplitofffromBritain,forexample,therewere
proposalsthatindependenceshouldbelinguisticallyacceptedby
theuseofadifferentlanguagefromthoseofBritain.Therewasthose改为that
evenoneproposalthatAmericansshouldadoptHebrew.
指示代词和物主代词真题练习
(2)
Wemaysaythatthecriesofpainorchortlesofamusementarelargelyreflexactions,
instinctivetoalargeextent,whereaslanguageproperdoes
notconsistofsignsbutofthesethathavetobelearntandthese改为those
thatarewhollyconventional.
指示代词和物主代词真题练习(3)
Theriseintuitionsmayreflectthe
facteconomicuncertaintyincreasesthedemandforeducation.Thebiggestcostofbeingin
fact后加that
theschoolisforegoingincomefromajob.
指示代词和物主代词真题练习(4)
Thesecontemporaryaborigineslivetoold
agesdespitetheabsenceofmedicalcare,theyexperiencenoobesity,
nomiddle-agedspread,littledentaldecay,nohighbloodpressure,noheart
diseaseandtheirbloodcholesterollevelsareverylow(abouthalfofhalf名词后加that
theaverageAmericanadult).
指示代词和物主代词真题练习(5)
Thisis"
natural"
therefore,thatourspeech-soundsshouldbethoseofourimmediateThis改为It
circle;
afterall,aswehaveseen,speechoperatesasameansofholdingacommunityand
givingasenseof"
belonging"
.
指示代词和物主代词真题练习(6)
Itisnotavoicewerecognizeatonce,whereasourown
handwritingissomethingwhichwealmostalwaysknow.which改为that
介词搭配
介词搭配在英文中是一个常考常新的考点,因为英文中的介词的搭配非常之多,变化多端;
但是在考试之中,介词的考点重点只出现在三个介词上,考生务必熟练掌握:
on/in/at
Youshouldlookatthebrightside.(误)
Youshouldlookonthebrightside.(正)
On上 in面/线 at点
介词搭配真题练习
(1)
Theseyoungadultsestablishedatrend
ofearlymarriageandrelativelylargefamiliesthatwentformorethantwodecadesand
went后面加on
causedamajorbuttemporaryreversaloflong-termdemographicpatterns.
介词搭配真题练习
(2)
Investigationsareheldtogatherinformationonthe
needforfuturelegislation,totesttheeffectivenessoflawsalreadypassed,toinquireintothe
qualificationsandperformanceofmembersandofficialsoftheotherbranches,andinrare
in改成on
occasions,tolaythegroundworkforimpeachmentproceedings.
介词搭配真题练习(3)
Thenintheturnof19thcentury,whenthestudyofculturalin改成at
anthropologysuggestedthatthelinguisticbarrierswereinsuperable
分词
分词