考研阅读理解真题集锦文档格式.docx

考研阅读理解真题集锦文档格式.docx

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SuchcharacteristicsmakethemperfectcandidatesforDr.Brosnan'

sandDr.dewaal'

s;

study.Theresearchersspenttwoyearsteachingtheirmonkeystoexchangetokensforfood.Normally,themonkeyswerehappyenoughtoexchangepiecesofrockforslicesofcucumber.However,whentwomonkeyswereplacedinseparatebutadjoiningchambers,sothateachcouldobservewhattheotherwasgettinginreturnforitsrock,theirbehaviourbecamemarkedlydifferent.

Intheworldofcapuchinsgrapesareluxurygoods（andmuchpreferabletocucumbers）Sowhenonemonkeywashandedagrapeinexchangeforhertoken,thesecondwasreluctanttohandhersoverforamerepieceofcucumber.Andifonereceivedagrapewithouthavingtoprovidehertokeninexchangeatall,theothereithertossedherowntokenattheresearcheroroutofthechamber,orrefusedto;

acceptthesliceofcucumberIndeed,themerepresenceofagrapeintheotherchamber（withoutanactualmonkeytoeatit）wasenoughtoreduceresentmentinafemalecapuchin.

Theresearchessuggestthatcapuchinmonkeys,likehumans,areguidedbysocialemotions,inthewild,theyareaco-operative,grouplivingspecies,Suchco-operationislikelytobestableonlywheneachanimalfeelsitisnotbeingcheated.Feelingsofrighteousindignation,itseems,arenotthepreserveofpeoplealone,Refusingalesserrewardcompletelymakesthesefeelingsabundantlycleartoothermembersofthegroup.However,whethersuchasenseoffairnessevolvedindependentlyincapuchinsandhumans,orwhetheritstemsformthecommonancestorthatthespecieshad35millionyearsago,is,asyet,anunansweredquestion.

21.Intheopeningparagraph,theauthorintroduceshistopicby

　　[A].posingacontrast.

　　[B].justifyinganassumption.

　　[C].makingacomparison.

　　[D].explainingaphenomenon.

22.Thestatement“itisalltoomonkey”（Lastline,paragraphl）impliesthat

　　[A].monkeysarealsooutragedbyslackrivals.

　　[B].resentingunfairnessisalsomonkeys'

nature.

　　[C].monkeys,likehumans,tendtobejealousofeachother.

　　[D].noanimalsotherthanmonkeyscandevelopsuchemotions.

23.Femalecapuchinmonkeyswerechosenfortheresearchmostprobablybecausetheyare

　　[A].moreinclinedtoweighwhattheyget.

　　[B].attentivetoresearchers'

instructions.

　　[C].niceinbothappearanceandtemperament.

　　[D].moregenerousthantheirmalecompanions

24.Dr.BrosnanandDr.deWaalhaveeventuallyfoundintheirstudythatthemonkeys

　　[A].prefergrapestocucumbers.

　　[B].canbetaughttoexchangethings.

　　[C].willnotbeco-operativeiffeelingcheated.

　　[D].areunhappywhenseparatedfromothers.

25.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?

　　[A].Monkeyscanbetrainedtodevelopsocialemotions.

　　[B].Humanindignationevolvedfromanuncertainsource.

　　[C].Animalsusuallyshowtheirfeelingsopenlyashumansdo.

　　[D].Cooperationamongmonkeysremainsstableonlyinthewild.

passage2

Doyourememberallthoseyearswhenscientistsarguedthatsmokingwouldkillusbutthedoubtersinsistedthatwedidn'

tknowforsure?

Thattheevidencewasinconclusive,thescienceuncertain?

Thattheantismokinglobbywasouttodestroyourwayoflifeandthegovernmentshouldstayoutoftheway?

LotsofAmericansboughtthatnonsense,andoverthreedecades,some10millionsmokerswenttoearlygraves. 

Thereareupsettingparallelstoday,asscientistsinonewaveafteranothertrytoawakenustothegrowingthreatofglobalwarming.ThelatestwasapanelfromtheNationalAcademyofSciences,enlistedbytheWhiteHouse,totellusthattheEarth'

satmosphereisdefinitelywarmingandthattheproblemislargelyman-made.Theclearmessageisthatweshouldgetmovingtoprotectourselves.ThepresidentoftheNationalAcademy,BruceAlberts,addedthiskeypointintheprefacetothepanel'

sreport“Scienceneverhasalltheanswers.Butsciencedoesprovideuswiththebestavailableguidetothefuture,anditiscriticalthatoutnationandtheworldbaseimportantpoliciesonthebestjudgmentsthatsciencecanprovideconcerningthefutureconsequencesofpresentactions.” 

Justasonsmoking,voicesnowcomefrommanyquartersinsistingthatthescienceaboutglobalwarmingisincomplete,thatit'

sOktokeeppouringfumesintotheairuntilweknowforsure.Thisisadangerousgame:

bythe100percentoftheevidenceisin,itmaybetoolate.Withtherisksobviousandgrowing,aprudentpeoplewouldtakeoutaninsurancepolicynow. 

Fortunately,theWhiteHouseisstartingtopayattention.Butit'

sobviousthatamajorityofthepresident'

sadvisersstilldon'

ttakeglobalwarmingseriously.Insteadofaplanofaction,theycontinuetopressformoreresearch-aclassiccaseof“paralysisbyanalysis”. 

Toserveasresponsiblestewardsoftheplanet,wemustpressforwardondeeperatmosphericandoceanicresearchButresearchaloneisinadequate.IftheAdministrationwon'

ttakethelegislativeinitiative,Congressshouldhelptobeginfashioningconservationmeasures.AbillbyDemocraticSenatorRobertByrdofWestVirginia,whichwouldofferfinancialincentivesforprivateindustryisapromisingstartManyseethatthecountryisgettingreadytobuildlotsofnewpowerplantstomeetourenergyneeds.Ifweareevergoingtoprotecttheatmosphere,itiscrucialthatthosenewplantsbeenvironmentallysound.26.Anargumentmadebysupportersofsmokingwasthat

　　[A].therewasnoscientificevidenceofthecorrelationbetweensmokinganddeath.

　　[B].thenumberofearlydeathsofsmokersinthepastdecadeswasinsignificant.

　　[C].peoplehadthefreedomtochoosetheirownwayoflife.

　　[D].antismokingpeoplewereusuallytalkingnonsense.27.AccordingtoBruceAlberts,sciencecanserveas

　　[A].aprotector.

　　[B].ajudge.

　　[C].acritic.

　　[D].aguide.28.Whatdoestheauthormeanby“paralysisbyanalysis”（Lastline,paragraph4）

　　[A].Endlessstudieskillaction.

　　[B].Carefulinvestigationrevealstruth.

　　[C].prudentplanninghinders.

　　[D].Extensiveresearchhelpsdecision-making.29.Accordingtotheauthor,whatshouldtheAdministrationdoabout

　　[A].Offeraidtobuildcleanerpowerplants.

　　[B].Raisepublicawarenessofconservation.

　　[C].Pressforfurtherscientificresearch.

　　[D].Takesomelegislativemeasures.30.Theauthorassociatestheissueofglobalwarmingwiththatofsmokingbecause

　　[A].theybothsufferedfromthegovernment'

snegligence.

　　[B].alessonfromthelatterisapplicabletotheformer.

　　[C].theoutcomeofthelatteraggravatestheformer.

　　[D].bothofthemhaveturnedfrombadtoworse.

passage4

Americannolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislatestbook,DoingOurOwnThing.TheDegradationoflanguageandMusicandwhyweshouldlike,care,JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960scounter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.

Blamingthepermissive1960sisnothingnew,butthisisnotyetanothercriticismagainstthedeclineineducation.Mr.McWhorter’sacademicspecialityislanguagehistoryandchange,andheseesgradualdisappearanceof“whom”,forexample,tobenaturalandnomoreregranttablethanthelossofthecase-endingsofOldEnglish

Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,“doingourownthing”,hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonal,performativegenreistheonlyformthatcouldclaimrealliveliness.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.

Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighandlowculture,thetrendthatMr.McWhorterdocumentsisunmistakable.Butitislessclear,totakethequestionofhissubtitle,whyweshould,likecare.Asalinguist,heacknowledgesthatallvarietiesofhumanlanguage,includingnon-standardoneslikeBlackEnglish,canbepowerfullyexpressive-thereexistsnolanguageordialectintheworldthatcannotconveycomplexideas.Heisnotarguing,asmanydo,thatwecannolongerthinkstraightbecausewedonottalkproper.

Russianshaveadeeplovefortheirownlanguageandcarrylargechunksofmemorizedpoetryintheirheads,whileItalianpoliticianstendtoelaboratespeechthatwould